80edo
| ← 79edo | 80edo | 81edo → |
80 equal divisions of the octave (abbreviated 80edo or 80ed2), also called 80-tone equal temperament (80tet) or 80 equal temperament (80et) when viewed under a regular temperament perspective, is the tuning system that divides the octave into 80 equal parts of exactly 15.000 ¢ each. Each step represents a frequency ratio of 21/80, or the 80th root of 2.
Theory
80et is the first equal temperament that represents the 19-odd-limit tonality diamond consistently, though it barely manages to do so. Despite this, a large number of intervals in higher odd limits in the 29-prime-limit are consistent, and its patent val generally does well at approximating (29-prime-limited) harmonic series segments, such as modes 16 through 30 but especially modes 8 through 15, with inconsistencies usually caused by not cancelling the over-sharpness of compound harmonics 21, 27, 35, 45 and 49 (and their octave-equivalents), which may be seen as an interesting limitation. It achieves this much consistency because all primes in the 29-limit except 13 are sharp of just. This means it can be used as a general-purpose approximate 29-prime-limit system with a relatively manageable number of tones, with some care taken around inconsistency. It can also model larger primes if one is willing to accept their sharpness and for this purpose it does well for its size at the no-31's 41-limit. The main problem is that as one goes to higher primes one usually wants higher precision to try to convey the subtle harmonic qualities of those primes; for this purpose 80et (arguably) fails (in general, although many specific cases may be convincing), but a promising alternative is using 80et as a model in which to fit higher-limit JI by way of approximating as much of the harmonic series as possible, for which it can model the 125-odd-limit quite well (corresponding to the 113-prime-limit), leading to an excellent Ringer scale described in the Ringer 80 section of this article.
80et tempers out 2048/2025, 3136/3125, 1728/1715, 4375/4374 and 4000/3969 in the 7-limit, 176/175, 540/539 and 4000/3993 in the 11-limit, 169/168, 325/324, 351/350, 352/351, 364/363 and 1001/1000 in the 13-limit, 136/135, 221/220, 256/255, 289/288, 561/560, 595/594, 715/714, 936/935 and 1275/1274 in the 17-limit, 190/189, 286/285, 361/360, 400/399, 456/455, 476/475, 969/968, 1331/1330, 1445/1444, 1521/1520, 1540/1539 and 1729/1728 in the 19-limit, 208/207, 253/252, 323/322 and 460/459 in the 23-limit and 320/319 in the 29-limit, equating a sharp 29/16 with a near-perfect 20/11, although this equivalence begins to make more sense when you consider the error cancellations with other sharp harmonics and as a way to give more reasonable interpretations to otherwise questionably mapped intervals.
80et provides the optimal patent val for 5-limit diaschismic, for 13-limit srutal, and for 7-, 11- and 13-limit bidia. It is a good tuning for various temperaments in canou family, especially in higher limits.
Prime harmonics
| Harmonic | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 23 | 29 | 31 | 37 | 41 | 43 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Error | absolute (¢) | +0.00 | +3.04 | +3.69 | +6.17 | +3.68 | -0.53 | +0.04 | +2.49 | +1.73 | +5.42 | -5.04 | +3.66 | +5.94 | -1.52 |
| relative (%) | +0 | +20 | +25 | +41 | +25 | -4 | +0 | +17 | +12 | +36 | -34 | +24 | +40 | -10 | |
| Steps (reduced) |
80 (0) |
127 (47) |
186 (26) |
225 (65) |
277 (37) |
296 (56) |
327 (7) |
340 (20) |
362 (42) |
389 (69) |
396 (76) |
417 (17) |
429 (29) |
434 (34) | |
Subsets and supersets
80edo has subset edos 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40.
80edo is notable in not only it is consistent in the 19-odd-limit, but a large number of its supersets are also consistent in at least 19-odd-limit, if not larger. These are 320, 400, 1600, 1920, 2000, 2320, 3920, 4320. Temperament mergers of these produce various 80th-octave temperaments.
Intervals
| Degree | Cents | Approximate Ratios* |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 1/1 |
| 1 | 15 | 64/63 |
| 2 | 30 | 81/80, 50/49 |
| 3 | 45 | 36/35, 49/48, 34/33 |
| 4 | 60 | 28/27, 33/32, 26/25, 35/34, 29/28, 30/29 |
| 5 | 75 | 25/24, 22/21, 27/26, 24/23, 23/22 |
| 6 | 90 | 21/20, 19/18, 20/19 |
| 7 | 105 | 16/15, 17/16, 18/17 |
| 8 | 120 | 15/14 |
| 9 | 135 | 27/25, 13/12, 14/13 |
| 10 | 150 | 12/11 |
| 11 | 165 | 11/10 |
| 12 | 180 | 10/9, 21/19 |
| 13 | 195 | 28/25, 19/17 |
| 14 | 210 | 9/8, 17/15, 26/23 |
| 15 | 225 | 8/7 |
| 16 | 240 | 23/20 |
| 17 | 255 | 81/70, 15/13, 22/19, 29/25 |
| 18 | 270 | 7/6 |
| 19 | 285 | 13/11, 20/17 |
| 20 | 300 | 25/21, 19/16 |
| 21 | 315 | 6/5 |
| 22 | 330 | 17/14, 23/19, 29/24 |
| 23 | 345 | 11/9 |
| 24 | 360 | 16/13 |
| 25 | 375 | 21/17, 36/29 |
| 26 | 390 | 5/4 |
| 27 | 405 | 24/19, 19/15 |
| 28 | 420 | 32/25, 14/11, 23/18 |
| 29 | 435 | 9/7 |
| 30 | 450 | 35/27, 13/10, 22/17 |
| 31 | 465 | 17/13 |
| 32 | 480 | 21/16, 25/19, 29/22 |
| 33 | 495 | 4/3 |
| 34 | 510 | 51/38, 75/56 |
| 35 | 525 | 19/14, 23/17 |
| 36 | 540 | 15/11, 26/19 |
| 37 | 555 | 11/8 |
| 38 | 570 | 18/13, 32/23 |
| 39 | 585 | 7/5 |
| 40 | 600 | 17/12, 24/17 |
| … | … | … |
* based on treating 80edo as a 29-limit temperament; other approaches are possible. Inconsistent interpretations in italic.
Regular temperament properties
| Subgroup | Comma list | Mapping | Optimal 8ve stretch (¢) |
Tuning error | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute (¢) | Relative (%) | ||||
| 2.3 | [127 -80⟩ | [⟨80 127]] | -0.961 | 0.960 | 6.40 |
| 2.3.5 | 2048/2025, 390625000/387420489 | [⟨80 127 186]] | -1.169 | 0.837 | 5.59 |
| 2.3.5.7 | 1728/1715, 2048/2025, 3136/3125 | [⟨80 127 186 225]] | -1.426 | 0.851 | 5.68 |
| 2.3.5.7.11 | 176/175, 540/539, 896/891, 1331/1323 | [⟨80 127 186 225 277]] | -1.353 | 0.775 | 5.17 |
| 2.3.5.7.11.13 | 169/168, 176/175, 325/324, 364/363, 540/539 | [⟨80 127 186 225 277 296]] | -1.105 | 0.901 | 6.01 |
| 2.3.5.7.11.13.17 | 136/135, 169/168, 176/175, 221/220, 364/363, 540/539 | [⟨80 127 186 225 277 296 327]] | -0.949 | 0.917 | 6.12 |
| 2.3.5.7.11.13.17.19 | 136/135, 169/168, 176/175, 190/189, 221/220, 364/363, 400/399 | [⟨80 127 186 225 277 296 327 340]] | -0.903 | 0.867 | 5.78 |
Rank-2 temperaments
80et supports a profusion of 19-limit (and lower) rank-2 temperaments which have mostly not been explored. We might mention:
- 31&80 ⟨⟨7 6 15 27 -24 -23 -20 …]]
- 72&80 ⟨⟨24 30 40 24 32 24 0 …]]
- 34&80 ⟨⟨2 -4 -50 22 16 2 -40 …]]
- 46&80 ⟨⟨2 -4 30 22 16 2 40 …]]
- 29&80 ⟨⟨3 34 45 33 24 -37 20 …]]
- 12&80 ⟨⟨4 -8 -20 -36 32 4 0 …]]
- 22&80 ⟨⟨6 -10 12 -14 -32 6 -40 …]]
- 58&80 ⟨⟨6 -10 12 -14 -32 6 40 …]]
- 41&80 ⟨⟨7 26 25 -3 -24 -33 20 …]]
In each case, the numbers joined by an ampersand represent 19-limit patent vals (meaning obtained by rounding to the nearest integer) and the first and most important part of the wedgie is given.
| Periods per 8ve |
Generator (Reduced) |
Cents (Reduced) |
Associated Ratio (Reduced) |
Temperament |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1\80 | 15 | 121/120 | Yarman I |
| 1 | 3\80 | 45 | 36/35~40/39 | Quartonic |
| 1 | 9\80 | 135 | 27/25 | Superlimmal |
| 1 | 21\80 | 315 | 6/5 | Parakleismic / parkleismic / paradigmic |
| 1 | 29\80 | 435 | 9/7 | Supermajor |
| 1 | 31\80 | 465 | 17/13 | Semisept |
| 1 | 39\80 | 585 | 7/5 | Pluto |
| 2 | 21\80 (19\80) |
315 (285) |
6/5 (33/28) |
Semiparakleismic |
| 2 | 29\80 (11\80) |
435 (165) |
9/7 (11/10) |
Echidna Semisupermajor |
| 2 | 33\80 (7\80) |
495 (105) |
4/3 (17/16) |
Srutal |
| 4 | 33\80 (7\80) |
495 (105) |
4/3 (17/16) |
Bidia |
| 5 | 15\80 (1\80) |
225 (15) |
8/7 (64/63) |
Pentorwell |
| 5 | 37\80 (5\80) |
555 (75) |
11/8 (25/24) |
Trisedodge / countdown |
| 8 | 39\80 (1\80) |
585 (15) |
7/5 (99/98~100/99) |
Octoid / octopus |
| 10 | 21\80 (3\80) |
315 (45) |
6/5 (40/39) |
Deca |
| 20 | 33\80 (1\80) |
495 (15) |
4/3 (99/98~100/99) |
Degrees |
Detemperaments
Ringer 80
80edo is a great (essentially) no-limit system for conceptualising and internalising harmonic series interval categories/structures through Ringer 80 which contains the entirety of the no-127's no-135's no-141's 145-odd-limit. An astounding ~84% of all intervals present are mapped consistently in Ringer 80. The Ringer 80 described below uses the best-performing val for 125-odd-limit consistency by a variety of metrics (squared error, sum of error, number of inconsistencies, number of inconsistencies if we require <25% error, etc.). To achieve the CS property, the primes 31, 47, 53, 61, 67, 73, 79, 107, 109 are sharpened by 1 step compared to their flat patent val mapping (i.e. are mapped to their second-best mapping); all other primes are of the patent val. It is maybe worth noting that the least intuitive of these warts for prime 73 corresponds to getting the interval 73/63 to be mapped consistently, which is not insignificant because 80edo has an accurate enough approximation that it is a giant circle of 73/63's, among other such circles. Warting prime 73 also allows the introduction of the 145th harmonic which adds a lot of low-complexity and consistent intervals; specifically, all intervals made in ratio with the 145th harmonic that simplify are mapped consistently.
This scale has a few remarkable properties. Firstly, all the intervals that are inconsistent are mapped – at worst – to their second-best mapping, meaning you will never have a categorical/interval mapping exceeding 15 cents of error. Although this property is not as rare as it may sound it is still musically useful. Secondly, all of the "filler harmonics" beyond the 125-odd-limit fit in an obvious way; note how there are no warts beyond the 113-prime-limit (which the 125-odd-limit corresponds to due to the sizeable record prime gap from 113 to 127), meaning all composite harmonics were either already part of the 113-prime-limit or if prime the primes were patent val and sharp-tending. "In an obvious way" also means that every superparticular (n + 1)/n in the 125-odd-limit that was mapped to 2 steps is split into (2n + 2)/(2n + 1) and (2n + 1)/(2n), retaining the lowest possible complexity and most elegant possible structure for a ringer scale. Finally, note that while composite odd harmonics start going missing after the 125th harmonic, prime harmonics are very much not lacking. This scale exists inside the no-127's no-151's no-163's 179-prime-limit, meaning that all primes up to and including 179 are present excluding only those three, making it full of prime flavour on top of its capability for representing high compositeness due to the 125-odd-limit corresponding to a record prime gap. Note that prime 127 cannot be included because to match the increasing trend of sharpness it would need to be warted, leading to 128/127 being tempered out.
Mode 63 of the harmonic series (corresponding to 125-odd-limit) with added odds from mode 63 × 2 = 126 in square brackets: 63:64:[129]:65:[131]:66:[133]:67:68:[137]:69:[139]:70:71:[143]:72:[145]:73:74:[149] 75:76:[153]:77:78:[157]:79:80:[161]:81:82:83:[167]:84:85:86:[173]:87:88:89 [179]:90:91:92:[185]:93:94:95:96:97:[195]:98:99:100:101:102:103:104:[209]:105 106:107:108:109:110:111:112:113:114:115:116:117:118:119:120:121:122:123:124:125(:126) The above is split into 20 harmonics per line a.k.a. ~300¢ worth of harmonic content per line. In lowest terms as a /105 scale corresponding to a primodal /53 scale, among other possible interpretations: 105:106:107:108:109:110:111:112:113:114:115:116:117:118:119:120:121:122:123:124:125:126:128:129:130:131:132:133:134:136:137:138:139:140:142:143:144:145:146:148:149:150:152:153:154:156:157:158:160:161:162:164:166:167:168:170:172:173:174:176:178:179:180:182:184:185:186:188:190:192:194:195:196:198:200:202:204:206:208:209:210 This form is useful for copy-pasting into tools that accept colon-separated harmonic series chord enumerations as scales. As reduced, rooted intervals (16 intervals per line): 129/128, 65/64, 131/128, 33/32, 133/128, 67/64, 17/16, 137/128, 69/64, 139/128, 35/32, 71/64, 143/128, 9/8, 145/128, 73/64, 37/32, 75/64, 19/16, 153/128, 77/64, 39/32, 157/128, 79/64, 5/4, 161/128, 81/64, 41/32, 83/64, 167/128, 21/16, 85/64, 43/32, 173/128, 87/64, 11/8, 89/64, 179/128, 45/32, 91/64, 23/16, 185/128, 93/64, 47/32, 95/64, 3/2, 97/64, 195/128, 49/32, 99/64, 25/16, 101/64, 51/32, 103/64, 13/8, 209/128, 105/64, 53/32, 107/64, 27/16, 109/64, 55/32, 111/64, 7/4, 113/64, 57/32, 115/64, 29/16, 117/64, 59/32, 119/64, 15/8, 121/64, 61/32, 123/64, 31/16, 125/64, 63/32, 2/1