Small comma

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Revision as of 09:06, 28 April 2026 by TallKite (talk | contribs) (updated comma color names)
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A small comma is a comma whose size is approximately between 3.5 and 30 cents. These intervals are in the range from just noticeable up to usable as melodic steps. The actual perception of course varies. In Sagittal notation, intervals in the smaller part of this category are kleismas, and intervals in the larger part of this category are commas[1].

For commas over 100 cents in size, see Large comma; for commas in between 30 and 100 cents in size, see Medium comma; and for commas under 3.5 cents in size, see Unnoticeable comma.

Due to the wide range of sizes, cents values here and on the other commas pages are listed to 5 significant digits, instead of to a fixed number of decimal places as is the convention elsewhere on the wiki.

The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
241-comma 241wama 241wM [382 -241 28.845
65-comma,
Pythagorean septimal comma
65wama 65wM [-103 65 27.075
Pythagorean comma Lalawama LLwM 531441 / 524288 [-19 12 23.460
41-comma, Pythagorean countercomma,
countercomp comma
41wama 41wM (40 digits) [65 -41 19.845 Flora Canou (2022)
94-comma, garistearn comma 94wama 94wM [149 -94 16.230 Xenllium (2021)
147-comma 147wama 147wM [233 -147 12.615
200-comma,
Pythagorean integer-cent ET comma
200wama 200wM [317 -200 8.9998
253-comma 253wama 253wM [401 -253 5.3848
Mercator's comma, 53-comma 53wama 53wM (52 digits) [-84 53 3.6150

5-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Magic comma, small diesis Laquinyoma L5yM 3125 / 3072 [-10 -1 5 29.614
Triscordial comma Tribila-triyoma 6L3yM (40 digits) [-64 36 3 29.321 Xenllium (2026)
Hendecatonic comma Trisa-leguma 3s11gM 8796093022208 / 8649755859375 [43 -11 -11 29.044
Devil's tridecalimma Lala-theguma LL13gM 2541865828329 / 2500000000000 [-11 26 -13 28.752
Anthoine comma Trila-quinquadyoma 3L20yM 286102294921875 / 281474976710656 [-48 1 20 28.229
Tetracot comma, minimal diesis Saquadyoma s4yM 20000 / 19683 [5 -9 4 27.660
Biscordial comma Quadla-yoyoma 4LyyM 571919811374025 / 562949953421312 [-49 28 2 27.367 Xenllium (2026)
Semaja comma Lala-neyoma LL19yM 19073486328125 / 18786186952704 [-33 -7 19 26.276 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Quanic comma Sepsa-quinyoma 7s5yM [74 -54 5 25.999
Roda, rodan comma Sasa-triyoma ss3yM 131072000 / 129140163 [20 -17 3 25.706
Gracecordial comma Trilayoma 3LyM 17433922005 / 17179869184 [-34 20 1 25.414
Trisedodge comma Saquintriguma s15gM 30958682112 / 30517578125 [19 10 -15 24.844 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Birds comma Quadsa-thiweguma 4s31gM [72 0 -31 24.275
Neuk comma Trisa-yoyoma 3syyM 858993459200 / 847288609443 [35 -25 2 23.752 CompactStar (2023)
Maja comma Saseyoma s17yM 762939453125 / 753145430616 [-3 -23 17 22.368 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Satin comma Quinbisa-triyoma 10s3yM [104 -70 3 22.091
Misneb comma Quadla-quintriyoma 4L15yM (36 digits) [-57 14 15 22.076 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Syntonic comma, Didymus comma, meantone comma Guma gM 81 / 80 [-4 4 -1 21.506
Maquila comma Trisa-seguma 3s17gM 562949953421312 / 556182861328125 [49 -6 -17 20.937 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Sfourth comma Lala-neguma LL19gM 617673396283947 / 610351562500000 [-5 31 -19 20.644 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Diaschisma Saguguma sggM 2048 / 2025 [11 -4 -2 19.553 Hermann von Helmholtz, Alexander Ellis (1875)
Countermeantone comma Quinquadguma 20gM 96402615118848 / 95367431640625 [10 23 -20 18.691 Petr Pařízek (2012)
Ditonma Lala-theyoma LL13yM 1220703125 / 1207959552 [-27 -2 13 18.168 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Misty comma Sasa-triguma ss3gM 67108864 / 66430125 [26 -12 -3 17.599 Paul Erlich (2002)
Quintile comma Trila-quinguma 3L5gM 847288609443 / 838860800000 [-28 25 -5 17.306 See the dedicated page.
Enneadecacot comma Tribisa-neguma 6s19gM (48 digits) [79 -22 -19 17.029 CompactStar (2024)
Oquatonic comma Quadla-sepquadyoma 4L28yM (40 digits) [-65 0 28 16.784 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Undim comma Trisa-quadguma 3s4gM 2199023255552 / 2179240250625 [41 -20 -4 15.645 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Graviton, gravity comma Lala-tribiguma LL6gM 129140163 / 128000000 [-13 17 -6 15.353 Mike Battaglia (2011)
Majvam comma Sasa-lebiguma ss22gM (32 digits) [40 7 -22 14.783 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Quartonic comma Saleyoma s11yM 390625000 / 387420489 [3 -18 11 14.261
Untritonic comma Quadla-tritriyoma 4L9yM (32 digits) [-51 19 9 13.968 Petr Pařízek (2011)
Quindromeda comma Quinsa-quinguma 5s5gM (34 digits) [56 -28 -5 13.691 Xenllium (2021)
Sensipent comma, medium semicomma Sepguma 7gM 78732 / 78125 [2 9 -7 13.399
Copper comma Theneyoma 41L29yM [-481 261 29 13.353 Eliora (2023)
Counterwürschmidt comma Trisa-twetheguma 3s23gM (34 digits) [55 -1 -23 12.830 Flora Canou (2023)
Tertiosec comma Laquadtribiyoma 6L24yM [-89 21 24 12.584 Petr Pařízek (2012)
Submajor comma Trila-quadbiyoma 3L8yM 69198046875 / 68719476736 [-36 11 8 12.015
Würschmidt comma Saquadbiguma s8gM 393216 / 390625 [17 1 -8 11.445
Bicommatic comma Quadla-quinbiguma 4L10gM (38 digits) [-37 38 -10 11.153
Counterhanson comma Quinquinyoma 25yM (36 digits) [-20 -24 25 10.923 Petr Pařízek (2012)
Countritonic comma Quadsa-tritriyoma 4s9yM (34 digits) [33 -34 9 10.353 Xenllium (2022)
Semicomma, Fokker's comma Lasepyoma L7yM 2109375 / 2097152 [-21 3 7 10.061
Heptacot comma Sepsa-sepguma 7s7gM [86 -44 -7 9.7840 Tristan Bay (2024)
Escapade comma Sasa-tritriguma ss9gM 4294967296 / 4271484375 [32 -7 -9 9.4916 Paul Erlich (2002)
Undetritisma, twentcufo comma Trila-leguma 3L11gM 205891132094649 / 204800000000000 [-22 30 -11 9.1992
Kleisma, semicomma majeur Tribiyoma 6yM 15625 / 15552 [-6 -5 6 8.1073 Shohé Tanaka (1890)
Quintosec comma Quadsa-quinbiguma 4s10gM 140737488355328 / 140126044921875 [47 -15 -10 7.5378 Petr Pařízek (2012)
59-5-comma Quadbisa-fineguma 8s59gM [137 0 -59 7.4909
Unidecma Laquadtriguma L12gM 31381059609 / 31250000000 [-7 22 -12 7.2455
Mutt comma Trila-septriyoma 3L21yM 476837158203125 / 474989023199232 [-44 -3 21 6.7230 Gene Ward Smith (2004)
Sulfur comma Lela-quadquadguma 11L16gM [-115 96 -16 6.6607
Amity comma Saquinyoma s5yM 1600000 / 1594323 [9 -13 5 6.1536 Gene Ward Smith (2001)
Parakleisma Theguma 13gM 1224440064 / 1220703125 [8 14 -13 5.2917 Gene Ward Smith (2001)
Gammic comma Laquinquadyoma L20yM 95367431640625 / 95105071448064 [-29 -11 20 4.7693
Squarschmidt comma Quadsa-tweneguma 4s29gM (42 digits) [61 4 -29 4.7223 Petr Pařízek (2012)
Huntian 15-cycle comma Quadtrisa-fotheguma 12s43gM [168 -43 -43 4.4453
Barium comma Quadtribila-sepquadbiguma 24L56gM [-225 224 -56 4.3522 Eliora (2023)
Vulture comma Sasa-quadyoma ss4yM 10485760000 / 10460353203 [24 -21 4 4.1998 Paul Erlich (2002)
Dipromethia Thebila-siweyoma 26L61yM [-335 122 61 3.6467 Eliora (2023)
Lafa comma Tribisa-quadtriguma 6s12gM [77 -31 -12 3.6304 Petr Pařízek (2011)

7-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Schismean comma Laruyoma LryM 3645 / 3584 [-9 6 1 -1 29.218 Xenllium (2022)
Doublehearted comma Quadbizoma 8zM 5764801 / 5668704 [-5 -11 0 8 29.102 Xenllium (2023)
Frostburn comma Quadru-asepyoma 4ra7yM 78125 / 76832 [-5 0 7 -4 28.892
Senga Trizo-aguguma 3zaggM 686 / 675 [1 -3 -2 3 27.985 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
23-21-comma Sepla-twethezoma 7L23zM [-101 23 0 23 27.961
Septimal comma, Archytas' comma, Leipziger Komma Ruma rM 64 / 63 [6 -2 0 -1 27.264
Mandos comma Biruguguma 2rggM 31104 / 30625 [7 5 -4 -2 26.868
Slither comma Satritriru-aquadyoma s9ra4yM 40960000 / 40353607 [16 0 4 -9 25.822 Xenllium (2022)
Bastille comma [1426 0 -596 -15 24.638 Eliora (2023)
33-7/5-comma Letrizoguma 33zgM [-16 0 -33 33 22.902
Huntian 35-cycle comma Quintrisa-tritritribiruguma 15s54rgM [277 0 -54 -54 22.461
Blackjackisma Lasepru-aquadbiyoma L7ra8yM 854296875 / 843308032 [-10 7 8 -7 22.413 Gene Ward Smith (2011)
Squalentine comma Laquadzo-atriguma L4za3gM 64827 / 64000 [-9 3 -3 4 22.227
Keema Zotriyoma z3yM 875 / 864 [-5 -3 3 1 21.902 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Betelgeuse comma Satritrizo-aguguma s9zaggM 40353607 / 39858075 [0 -13 -2 9 21.391
Gariboh comma Triru-aquinyoma 3ra5yM 3125 / 3087 [0 -2 5 -3 21.181 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Secanticornisma Laruquinguma Lr5gM 177147 / 175000 [-3 11 -5 -1 21.111 Xenllium (2021)
Nuwell comma Quadru-ayoma 4rayM 2430 / 2401 [1 5 1 -4 20.785 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Septimagic comma Saquinzoma s5zM 537824 / 531441 [5 -12 0 5 20.670 Xenllium (2026)
Mermisma Sepruyoma 7ryM 2500000 / 2470629 [5 -1 7 -7 20.460 Xenllium (2021)
Negricorn comma, small quadruple bluish Saquadzoguma s4zgM 153664 / 151875 [6 -5 -4 4 20.274 Xenllium (2021)
Tolerant comma Sazoyoyoma szyyM 179200 / 177147 [10 -11 2 1 19.948
Icosipentatonic comma, 25-36/35-comma Quinquinruguma 25rgM [49 50 -25 -25 19.260
Valenwuer comma Sarutribiguma sr6gM 110592 / 109375 [12 3 -6 -1 19.157 Xenllium (2021)
Buzzardsma, buzzard comma Saquadruma s4rM 65536 / 64827 [16 -3 0 -4 18.831 See the page.
Huntian 21-cycle comma Quadbisa-sepquadruma 8s28rM [123 -28 0 -28 18.135
Mirwomo comma Labizoyoma L2zyM 33075 / 32768 [-15 3 2 2 16.144
Catasyc comma Laruquadbiyoma Lr8yM 390625 / 387072 [-11 -3 8 -1 15.819 Xenllium (2021)
Compass comma Quinruyoyoma 5ryyM 9765625 / 9680832 [-6 -2 10 -5 15.098 Xenllium (2021)
Sensibeta comma Satrizo-aquinyoma s3za5yM 1071875 / 1062882 [-1 -12 5 3 14.586 Xenllium (2026)
Trimyna comma Quinzoguma 5zgM 50421 / 50000 [-4 1 -5 5 14.516
Sensamagic comma Zozoyoma zzyM 245 / 243 [0 -5 1 2 14.191 Gene Ward Smith (2010)
Starling comma, septimal semicomma Zotriguma z3gM 126 / 125 [1 2 -3 1 13.795
Vermeil comma, 34-49/48-comma Quinla-sequadzoma 5L68zM [-137 -34 0 68 13.692 Perry.k (2026)
Octagar comma Rurutriyoma rr3yM 4000 / 3969 [5 -4 3 -2 13.469 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Orwellisma Triru-aguma 3ragM 1728 / 1715 [6 3 -1 -3 13.074
Mynaslender comma Sepru-ayoma 7rayM 829440 / 823543 [11 4 1 -7 12.352 Xenllium (2021)
35-7/5-comma Sepquinruyoma 35ryM [17 0 35 -35 12.073
Chromatisma Trisa-triru-aquadquadyoma 3s3ra16yM (36 digits) [22 -32 16 -3 11.982 Xenllium (2021)
Mistisma Sazoquadguma sz4gM 458752 / 455625 [16 -6 -4 1 11.841 Xenllium (2021)
Bronzisma Satriru-aguguma s3raggM 2097152 / 2083725 [21 -5 -2 -3 11.120 Xenllium (2021)
34-jubilismic comma Sequadzoguma 68zgM [-33 0 -68 68 10.829
Fynn's comma, Hunt 7-cycle comma Quadsa-thebiruma 4s26rM (44 digits) [73 0 0 -26 10.526 Fynn Cerulean (2026) for Fynn's comma
Septiness comma Sasasepruma ss7rM 67108864 / 66706983 [26 -4 0 -7 10.399 Xenllium (2021)
31-35-comma Tritrila-thiwezoyoma 9L31zyM [-159 0 31 31 9.3282
Quince comma Lasepzo-aguguma L7zaggM 823543 / 819200 [-15 0 -2 7 9.1539
Uniwiz comma Quadzoyoma 4zyM 1500625 / 1492992 [-11 -6 4 4 8.8285
Historisma Latribizoguma L6zgM 257298363 / 256000000 [-14 7 -6 6 8.7582 ArrowHead294 (2024)
Gamelisma Latrizoma L3zM 1029 / 1024 [-10 1 0 3 8.4327
Varunisma Labizoguguma L2zggM 321489 / 320000 [-9 8 -4 2 8.0370
Marvel comma, septimal kleisma Ruyoyoma ryyM 225 / 224 [-5 2 2 -1 7.7115 Gene Ward Smith (2003)
Dimcomp comma Quadruyoyoma 4ryyM 390625 / 388962 [-1 -4 8 -4 7.3861
Cataharry comma Labiruguma L2rgM 19683 / 19600 [-4 9 -2 -2 7.3158 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Procyon comma Sasepzo-atriguma s7za3gM 823543 / 820125 [0 -8 -3 7 7.2002
Qiqi comma Sepruyoyoma 7ryyM 48828125000 / 48629390607 [3 -10 14 -7 7.0606 Ange (2025)
Mirkwai comma Quinru-aquadyoma 5ra4yM 16875 / 16807 [0 3 4 -5 6.9903 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Canousma Saquadzo-atriyoma s4za3yM 4802000 / 4782969 [4 -14 3 4 6.8748 Flora Canou (2020)
Triwellisma Tribizo-asepguma 6za7gM 235298 / 234375 [1 -1 -7 6 6.8044 Xenllium (2021)
Stearnsma Latribiruma L6rM 118098 / 117649 [1 10 0 -6 6.5946
Hemimage comma Satrizo-aguma s3zagM 10976 / 10935 [5 -7 -1 3 6.4790 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Hemimean comma Zozoquinguma zz5gM 3136 / 3125 [6 0 -5 2 6.0832 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Hemifamity comma, 5/7-kleisma Saruyoma sryM 5120 / 5103 [10 -6 1 -1 5.7578 Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Parkleiness comma Zotritriguma z9gM 1959552 / 1953125 [7 7 -9 1 5.6875 Xenllium (2021)
Octaphore comma, enneagari comma Sasa-quadbizoma ss8zM 94450499584 / 94143178827 [14 -23 0 8 5.6422 Unque (2024)
Linus comma Saquinbizoguma s10zgM 578509309952 / 576650390625 [11 -10 -10 10 5.5719 Gene Ward Smith (2011)
Reiwa comma Saquadru-asepyoma s4ra7yM 1280000000 / 1275989841 [14 -12 7 -4 5.4324 Flora Canou (2022)
Porwell comma Sarurutriguma srr3gM 6144 / 6125 [11 1 -3 -2 5.3620 Gene Ward Smith, Petr Pařízek (2010)
Acromagic comma Sasa-sepzo-aquadguma ss7za4gM 26985857024 / 26904200625 [15 -16 -4 7 5.2466 Xenllium (2026)
Cartoonisma Satritrizo-asepbiguma s9za14gM 165288374272 / 164794921875 [12 -3 -14 9 5.1762 Eliora (2023)
Hemfiness comma Saquadru-atriyoma s4ra3yM 4096000 / 4084101 [15 -5 3 -5 5.0366 Xenllium (2021)
Acrodec comma Sasa-tribizo-aquadbiguma ss6za8gM 7710244864 / 7688671875 [16 -9 -8 6 4.8507 Xenllium (2022)
Hewuermera comma Satribiru-aguma s6ragM 589824 / 588245 [16 2 -1 -6 4.6408 Xenllium (2021)
Hearts comma Trila-quadzoma 3L4zM 34451725707 / 34359738368 [-35 15 0 4 4.6286 Xenllium (2023)
Lokisma, loki comma Sasa-bizotriguma ss2z3gM 102760448 / 102515625 [21 -8 -6 2 4.1295 Xenllium (2021)
Garischisma, septimal schisma Sasaruma ssrM 33554432 / 33480783 [25 -14 0 -1 3.8041
Wadisma Latritrizo-ayoma L9zayM 201768035 / 201326592 [-26 -1 1 9 3.7919
Septimal enneadeca Quinla-neruma 5L19rM (56 digits) [-37 57 0 -19 3.7428 Godtone (2024)
Quasiorwellisma Sazoquinbiguma sz10gM 29360128 / 29296875 [22 -1 -10 1 3.7338

11-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Dew comma Saloma s1oM 180224 / 177147 [14 -11 0 0 1 29.812 CompactStar (2023)
Thuja comma Saquinlu-ayoma s5(1u)ayM 163840 / 161051 [15 0 1 0 -5 29.724
Quadrikite comma Luruquadyoma 1ur4yM 625 / 616 [-3 0 4 -1 -1 25.111 Praveen Venkataramana, Lumi Pakkanen (2022)
Large tetracot diesis Trilu-ayoyoma 3(1u)ayyM 1350 / 1331 [1 3 2 0 -3 24.539 ArrowHead294 (2024)
Sensmus comma Salozoguma s1ozgM 1232 / 1215 [4 -5 -1 1 1 24.055
Sevnothrush comma Loquinguma 1o5gM 3168 / 3125 [5 2 -5 0 1 23.659
Frostma Biluzo-ayoma 2(1uz)ayM 245 / 242 [-1 0 1 2 -2 21.330 Praveen Venkataramana (2022)
Distarma Trilozoma 3(1o)zM 9317 / 9216 [-10 -2 0 1 3 18.869 Lilly Flores (2023)
Antimisma Lobizoguma 1o2zgM 1617 / 1600 [-6 1 -2 2 1 18.297 Jerdle (2021)
Mothwellsma Loruruma 1orrM 99 / 98 [-1 2 0 -2 1 17.576
Fifthchromisma Saquinlo-ayoma s5(1o)ayM 1610510 / 1594323 [1 -13 1 0 5 17.488 Xenllium (2025)
Ptolemisma Luyoyoma 1uyyM 100 / 99 [2 -2 2 0 -1 17.399
Hemimin comma Trilu-azoma 3(1u)zM 1344 / 1331 [6 1 0 1 -3 16.827
Betarabian comma Laloloma L1ooM 264627 / 262144 [-18 7 0 0 2 16.321 Dawson Berry (2020)
Biyatisma Lologuma 1oogM 121 / 120 [-3 -1 -1 0 2 14.367 Gene Ward Smith (2010)
Absinthma Luluruyoma 1uuryM 2560 / 2541 [9 -1 1 -1 -2 12.897 Jerdle (2023)
35/11 kleisma Laluzoyoma L1uzyM 2835 / 2816 [-8 4 1 1 -1 11.642
Aphrowe comma Trilo-aruruma 3(1o)arrM 1331 / 1323 [0 -3 0 -2 3 10.437 Lériendil (2024)
Small tetracot diesis Saloyoyoma s1oyyM 2200 / 2187 [3 -7 2 0 1 10.260 ArrowHead294
Valinorsma Loruguguma 1orggM 176 / 175 [4 0 -2 -1 1 9.8646
Pentacircle comma Saluzoma s1uzM 896 / 891 [7 -4 0 1 -1 9.6880
Alpharabian comma Laquadloma L4(1o)M 131769 / 131072 [-17 2 0 0 4 9.1818 Dawson Berry (2020)
Orgonisma Satrilu-aruruma s3(1u)arrM 65536 / 65219 [16 0 0 -2 -3 8.3944
Quindecic comma Sasa-quintriloruma ss15(1or)M [14 -15 0 -15 15 8.0555
117649/117128 Bilulutrizoma 2(1uu3z)M 117649 / 117128 [-3 0 0 6 -4 7.6837
Topsy comma Quadlo-atrizo-asepguma 4(1o)a3za7gM 5021863 / 5000000 [-6 0 -7 3 4 7.5535
Fantares comma Luluzoquadyoma 1uuz4yM 4375 / 4356 [-2 -2 4 1 -2 7.5349 Xenllium (2021)
Semicanousma Quadlo-aguma 4(1o)agM 14641 / 14580 [-2 -6 -1 0 4 7.2281 Flora Canou (2020)
Rastma Luluma 1uuM 243 / 242 [-1 5 0 0 -2 7.1391
Myhemiwell comma Lolozotriguma 1ooz3gM 3388 / 3375 [2 -3 -3 1 2 6.6556
Pythrabian comma Trisaloma 3s1oM 94489280512 / 94143178827 [33 -23 0 0 1 6.3529 Dawson Berry (2021)
Semiporwellisma Saluluguma s1uugM 16384 / 16335 [14 -3 -1 0 -2 5.1854 Flora Canou (2021)
Octatonic comma, undecimal octatonic comma Quadbiluma 8(1u)M 214990848 / 214358881 [15 8 0 0 -8 5.0965 Eliora (2023)
Keenanisma Lozoyoma 1ozyM 385 / 384 [-7 -1 1 1 1 4.5026 Paul Erlich (2001)
Trimitone comma Lalotriguma L1o3gM 8019 / 8000 [-6 6 -3 0 1 4.1068 Godtone (2021)
4-cent comma Lutritryoma 1u9yM 1953125 / 1948617 [0 -11 9 0 -1 4.0004 Jerdle (2021)
Werckisma Luzozoguma 1uzzgM 441 / 440 [-3 2 -1 2 -1 3.9302
Moctdel comma Lotriruyo 1o3ryM 1375 / 1372 [-2 0 3 -3 1 3.7814
Unisquarisma, unisquary comma Trilu-aquadzo-ayoma 3(1u)a4zayM 12005 / 11979 [0 -2 1 4 -3 3.7535 Xenllium (2024)
Liganellus comma, liganellisma Luruquinyoma 1ur5yM 6250 / 6237 [1 -4 5 -1 -1 3.6047 Dawson Berry (2020)

13-limit commas

Name(s) Color Name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Cameratasma 1600/1573 [6 0 2 0 -2 -1 29.464 Phlub (2026)
Lovecraft comma Thothotriluma 3oo3(1u)M 1352/1331 [3 0 0 0 -3 2 27.101
Wilsorma Thoyoma 3oyM 65/64 [-6 0 1 0 0 1 26.841
Hyperpyth comma Quadtho-aquinguma 4(3o)a5gM 28561/28125 [0 -2 -5 0 0 4 26.632
Winmeanma Thuloguma 3u1ogM 66/65 [1 1 -1 0 1 -1 26.432
Sooty fox comma Thuthutrizoma 3uu3zM 343/338 [-1 0 0 3 0 -2 25.422 Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
Tetris comma Sathoma s3oM 6656/6561 [9 -8 0 0 0 1 24.888 Godtone (2024)
Large semisixthma Thothotriguma 3oo3gM 507/500 [-2 1 -3 0 0 2 24.069 Xenllium (2024)
Negustma Tholuruma 3o1urM 78/77 [1 1 0 -1 -1 1 22.339
Greater tendoneutralisma Laquadbithoma L8(3o)M 815730721 / 805306368 [-28 -1 0 0 0 8 22.266 Godtone (2024)
Beyoncisma 2025/2002 [-1 4 2 -1 -1 -1 19.776 Phlub (2026)
Biome comma, superleap comma Thozoguma 3ozgM 91/90 [-1 -2 -1 1 0 1 19.130
Diahuntmisma Labithozoma L2(3oz)M 8281/8192 [-13 0 0 2 0 2 18.707 Xenllium (2022)
Tridecimal neutral thirds comma Thuthuma 3uuM 512/507 [9 -1 0 0 0 -2 16.990
Animist comma Thuzoyoma 3uzyM 105/104 [-3 1 1 1 0 -1 16.567
Tesseract comma Quadthuzoma 4(3uz)M 28812/28561 [2 1 0 4 0 -4 15.148 Unque (2025)
Secorian comma Sathuzoma s3uzM 28672 / 28431 [12 -7 0 1 0 -1 14.613
Mosaic comma Lathoruruma L3orrM 3159/3136 [-6 5 0 -2 0 1 12.651
Gassorma Thuloruyoyoma 3u1oryyM 275/273 [0 -1 2 -1 1 -1 12.637
Grossma Thuluma 3u1uM 144/143 [4 2 0 0 -1 -1 12.064
Lesser tendoneutralisma Sasa-quadtrithuma ss12(3u)M 70368744177664 / 69894255367443 [46 -1 0 0 0 -12 11.713 Godtone (2024)
Kuhnausma 1701/1690 [-1 5 -1 1 0 -2 11.232 Phlub (2026)
Dinos comma Lathuthuquinguma L3uu5gM 531441/528125 [0 12 -5 0 0 -2 10.836 Dummy Index (2024)
Buzurgisma, dhanvantarisma Thothoruma 3oorM 169/168 [-3 -1 0 -1 0 2 10.274 Margo Schulter (2012) for buzurgisma
Diagassormisma Bitholuguma 2(3o1ug)M 3042/3025 [1 2 -2 0 -2 2 9.7020 Xenllium (2022)
Greater nelindic comma Thothoquinru-ayoyoma 3oo5rayyM 16900/16807 [2 0 2 -5 0 2 9.5532 Kaiveran (2019)
Catadictma Thologuma 3o1ogM 1287/1280 [-8 2 -1 0 1 1 9.4419
Glacier comma Quinthuma 5(3u)M 373248/371293 [9 6 0 0 0 -5 9.0917 ArrowHead294 (2024)
Mynucuma Thuzozoguma 3uzzgM 196/195 [2 -1 -1 2 0 -1 8.8554
Sopreisma Tholururutriyoma 3urr3yM 1625/1617 [0 -1 3 -2 -1 1 8.5440 Recentlymaterialized (2024)
Huntma, lesser nelindic comma Thururuyoma 3urryM 640/637 [7 0 1 -2 0 -1 8.1342 Kaiveran (2019) for lesser nelindic comma
Sonoma Lala-tritritho-aquadyoma LL9(3o)a4yM 6627812108125/

6597069766656

[-41 -1 4 0 0 9 8.0488 Vib, Misohito Nakai (2026)
Threedie Satrithoma s3(3o)M 2197/2187 [0 -7 0 0 0 3 7.8980
Tridecimal nakaisma Quinsa-quadtritrithu-azoma 5s36(3u)azM [132 -1 0 1 0 -36 7.8751 Misohito Nakai (2025)
Hebrewsma Tritho-aruquadguma 3(3o)ar4gM 4394/4375 [1 0 -4 -1 0 3 7.5022 Eliora (2022)
Kestrel comma Thuthuloruma 3uu1orM 1188/1183 [2 3 0 -1 1 -2 7.3017 Gene Ward Smith (2011)
2D9 comma Thotriyoma 3o3yM 131625/131072 [-17 4 3 0 0 1 7.2888 Figreflekt (2023) but revised later[dead link]
Brontesisma Trithu-azozoyoma 3(3u)azzM 2205/2197 [0 2 1 2 0 -3 6.2925 Francium (2025)
Praveensma Thoquadzoma 3o4zM 31213/31104 [-7 -5 0 4 0 1 6.0563 Praveen Venkataramana (2022)
Lambeth comma Thobiloruma 3o2(1or)M 1573/1568 [-5 0 0 -2 2 1 5.5117 Flora Canou (2022)
Marveltwin comma Thoyoyoma 3oyyM 325/324 [-2 -4 2 0 0 1 5.3351
Valerisma, Hunt 13-cycle comma Laquinbithoma L10(3o)M 137858491849 / 137438953472 [-37 0 0 0 0 10 5.2766 Mason Green (2016)
Ratwolfsma Thoruguguma 3orggM 351/350 [-1 3 -2 -1 0 1 4.9393
Major minthma, major gentle comma, 11/13-kleisma Thuloma 3u1oM 352/351 [5 -3 0 0 1 -1 4.9253 See the page.
Minor minthma, minor gentle comma Tholuluzoma 3o1uuzM 364/363 [2 -1 0 1 -2 1 4.7627 See the page.
Cuthbert comma Bithulo-azoguma 2(3u1o)azgM 847/845 [0 0 -1 1 2 -2 4.0928

17-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Susurrisma, susurration comma Susuruma 17uurM 2048/2023 [11 0 0 -1 0 0 -2 21.263 Jerdle (2026)
Monk comma Soruyoma 17oryM 85/84 [-2 -1 1 -1 0 0 1 20.488 Xenllium (2023)
Lum comma Sosothuluma 17oo3u1uM 289/286 [-1 0 0 0 -1 -1 2 18.065
Mey comma Sutrithov 17u3(3o)M 2197/2176 [-7 0 0 0 0 3 -1 16.628
Middle semisixthma Suthologuguma 17u3o1oggM 429/425 [0 1 -2 0 1 1 -1 16.218 Xenllium (2024)
Septendecimal comma, Hunt flat 2 comma Lasoma L17oM 4131/4096 [-12 5 0 0 0 0 1 14.730 Flora Canou (2020) for septendecimal comma
Lynchisma Suruyoma 17uryM 120/119 [3 1 1 -1 0 0 -1 14.487 Xenllium (2022)
23-17-comma, 23 semitone comma Trila-twethesoma 3L23(17o)M [-94 0 0 0 0 0 23 13.974
Diatisma, diatic comma,
fiventeen comma, septendecimal semicomma
Soguma 17ogM 136/135 [3 -3 -1 0 0 0 1 12.777 See the page.
Augustma Sulozoma 17u1ozM 154/153 [1 -2 0 1 1 0 -1 11.278 Xenllium (2023)
Major naiadma Sothuthuyoma 17o3uuyM 170/169 [1 0 1 0 0 -2 1 10.214 Xenllium (2023)
Septendecimal schisma Lasuma L17uM 2187/2176 [-7 7 0 0 0 0 -1 8.7296 Plainsound Music Edition (2020)
Small semisixthma Susulologuma 17uu1oogM 1452/1445 [2 1 -1 0 2 0 -2 8.3664 Xenllium (2024)
Mean thirds comma Lasosoyoma L17ooyM 1053405/1048576 [-20 6 1 0 0 0 2 7.9545 Jerdle (2022)
Minor naiadma Sotholuguma 17o3o1ugM 221/220 [-2 0 -1 0 -1 1 1 7.8514 Xenllium (2023)
Blume comma Sololoma 17o1ooM 2057/2048 [-11 0 0 0 2 0 1 7.5913 Douglas Blumeyer
Charisma, charic comma,
septendecimal kleisma
Suguma 17ugM 256/255 [8 -1 -1 0 0 0 -1 6.7759 See the page.
Tannisma, prototannisma Suthozoma 17u3ozM 273/272 [-4 1 0 1 0 1 -1 6.3532 Scott Dakota (2017) for tannisma
Flora Canou (2023) for prototannisma
Semitonisma, septendecimal semitones comma, septendecimal 6-cent comma Sosoma 17ooM 289/288 [-5 -2 0 0 0 0 2 6.0008 Flora Canou (2023) for semitonisma
Ursulisma Sulutriyoma 17u1u3yM 375/374 [-1 1 3 0 -1 0 -1 4.6228 Dawson Berry, VIxen (2023)
Seminaiadma Sothoruruma 17o3orrM 442/441 [1 -2 0 -2 0 1 1 3.9213 Xenllium (2023)
80-17-comma, 17-ripple integer cents comma[clarification needed] Lesa-quinquadquadsuma 11s80(17u)M [327 0 0 0 0 0 -80 3.5672 Eliora (2022) for 80-17-comma

19-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Large undevicesimal 1/9-tone Noguguma 19oggM 76/75 [2 -1 -2 0 0 0 0 1 22.931 Xenllium (2023)
Small undevicesimal 1/9-tone Nulozoma 19u1ozM 77/76 [-2 0 0 1 1 0 0 -1 22.631 Xenllium (2023)
19th-partial chroma Nuguma 19ugM 96/95 [5 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 18.128 Flirora (2021)
Ume comma Nutrisoma 19u3(17o)M 4913/4864 [-8 0 0 0 0 0 3 -1 17.353
Undevicesimal diaschisma Lanunuma L19uuM 729/722 [-1 6 0 0 0 0 0 -2 16.704 Xenllium (2024)
Deviaug comma Trinuma 3(19u)M 6912/6859 [8 3 0 0 0 0 0 -3 13.326 Xenllium (2025)
Minithirdma Noluzoma 19o1uzM 133/132 [-2 -1 0 1 -1 0 0 1 13.066 Xenllium (2023)
Ganassisma, Ganassi's comma Nusoma 19u17oM 153/152 [-3 2 0 0 0 0 1 -1 11.352 +merlan #flirora (2021)
Malcolmisma Nosuguma 19o17ugM 171/170 [-1 2 -1 0 0 0 -1 1 10.154 Xenllium (2023)
Undevicesimal diminished comma, Hunt 19-cycle comma Saquadnuma s4(19u)M 131072 / 130321 [17 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4 9.9479
Eye comma Nubisoluma 19u2(17o1u)M 2312/2299 [3 0 0 0 -2 0 2 -1 9.7619
Godzillisma Binuloma 2(19u1o)M 363/361 [0 1 0 0 2 0 0 -2 9.5649 Xenllium (2023)
Cotylisma Noruyoma 19oryM 190/189 [1 -3 1 -1 0 0 0 1 9.1358 Xenllium (2023)
Yama comma Nothuloma 19o3u1oM 209/208 [-4 0 0 0 1 -1 0 1 8.3033 Xenllium (2023)
Spleen comma Nuluzoyoma 19u1uzyM 210/209 [1 1 1 1 -1 0 0 -1 8.2637 Xenllium (2023)
Bihendrixma Nonolururuma 19oo1urrM 1083/1078 [-1 1 0 -2 -1 0 0 2 8.0113 Xenllium (2023)
Chthonisma Nuthologuma 19u3o1ogM 286/285 [1 -1 -1 0 1 1 0 -1 6.0639 Xenllium (2023)
Photisma Nusuma 19u17uM 324/323 [2 4 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 5.3516 Xenllium (2023)
Nutrisma Nutrizoma 19u3zM 343/342 [-1 -2 0 3 0 0 0 -1 5.0547 Xenllium (2023)
Triraptor comma Trinuso-azoguma 3(19u17o)azgM 34391/34295 [0 0 -1 1 0 0 3 -3 4.8394 Kaiveran (2023)
Go comma, dudon comma Nonoguma 19oogM 361/360 [-3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 2 4.8023 Xenwolf (2013) for go comma
Devichroma Nuruyoyoma 19uryyM 400/399 [4 -1 2 -1 0 0 0 -1 4.3335 Xenllium (2023)
Abnobisma Nothuruguma 19o3urgM 456/455 [3 1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 1 3.8007 Xenllium (2023)
Hedwigma Nusozoguguma 19u17ozggM 476/475 [2 0 -2 1 0 0 1 -1 3.6409 Xenllium (2023)
Eulalisma Nuthuloyoma 19u3u1oyM 495/494 [-1 2 1 0 1 -1 0 -1 3.5010 Xenllium (2023)

23-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Large vicesimotertial 1/8-tone Twethosuma 23o17uM 69/68 2.3.17.23 [-2 1 -1 1 25.274 Xenllium (2023)
Small vicesimotertial 1/8-tone Twethuzoyoma 23uzyM 70/69 2.3.5.7.23 [1 -1 1 1 -1 24.910 Xenllium (2023)
Undinisma Twethothuruma 23o3urM 92/91 2.7.13.23 [2 -1 -1 1 18.921 Xenllium (2023)
23-limit Tenney/Cage comma Satwethoma s23oM 736/729 2.3.23 [5 -6 1 16.544 Stephen Weigel (2023)
Yarmanisma Twethonuyoma 23o19uyM 115/114 2.3.5.19.23 [-1 -1 1 -1 1 15.120 Xenllium (2023)
Major kirnbergerisma Twethozoguma 23ozgM 161/160 2.5.7.23 [-5 -1 1 1 10.787 Xenllium (2023)
Minor kirnbergerisma Twethuruma 23urM 162/161 2.3.7.23 [1 4 -1 -1 10.720 Xenllium (2023)
Vicetone comma Twethuthoma 23u3oM 208/207 2.3.13.23 [4 -2 1 -1 8.3433 Xenllium (2023)
Major neutravicema Twethulozoguma 23u1ozgM 231/230 [-1 1 -1 1 1 0 0 0 -1 7.5108 Xenllium (2023)
Vicesimotertial schisma Lala-twethuma LL23uM 387420489 / 385875968 2.3.23 [-24 18 -1 6.9157
Middle neutravicema Twetholoruma 23o1orM 253/252 2.3.7.11.23 [-2 -2 -1 1 1 6.8564 Xenllium (2023)
Minor neutravicema Twetholuguguma 23o1uggM 276/275 2.3.5.11.23 [2 1 -2 -1 1 6.2840 Xenllium (2023)
21-23-comma Trisa-septritwethuma 3s21(23u)M 281474976710656 /
280462473659039
2.23 [95 -21 6.2387
Major naiadvicema Twethuthuyoyoma 23u3uyyM 300/299 2.3.5.13.23 [2 1 2 -1 -1 5.7804 Xenllium (2023)
Major semivicema Twethunosoruma 23u19o17orM 323/322 2.7.17.19.23 [-1 -1 1 1 -1 5.3682 Xenllium (2023)
Minor naiadvicema Twethosothuguma 23o17o3ugM 391/390 [-1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 1 0 1 4.4334 Xenllium (2023)
Minor semivicema Twethusuzozoma 23u17uzzM 392/391 2.7.17.23 [3 2 -1 -1 4.4221 Xenllium (2023)
Scanisma, vicewolf comma Twethosuyoma 23o17uyM 460/459 2.3.5.17.23 [2 -3 1 -1 1 3.7676 Xenllium (2023)
Pittsburghisma Twethuloloruma 23u1oorM 484/483 2.3.7.11.23 [2 -1 -1 2 -1 3.5806 Xenllium (2023)

29-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Classical mediant of Didymus' and Archytas' commas Twenothuluyoma 29o3u1uyM 145/143 5.11.13.29 [1 -1 -1 1 24.045
Farewell comma Twenuloma 29u1oM 88/87 2.3.11.29 [3 -1 1 -1 19.786
Sironisma Twenotwethuguma 29o23ugM 116/115 2.5.23.29 [2 -1 -1 1 14.989 Xenllium (2024)
Lomisma Twenuthoma 29u3oM 117/116 2.3.13.29 [-2 2 1 -1 14.860 Xenllium (2024)
29th-partial chroma Twenoyoma 29oyM 145/144 2.3.5.29 [-4 -2 1 1 11.981 Flirora (2023)
Major chthonovinema Twenuzoyoyoma 29uzyyM 175/174 2.3.5.7.29 [-1 -1 2 1 -1 9.9211 Xenllium (2024)
Kallistisma Twenusoruma 29u17orM 204/203 2.3.7.17.29 [2 1 -1 1 -1 8.5073 Xenllium (2024)
Major paravinema Twenoluruma 29o1urM 232/231 2.3.7.11.29 [3 -1 -1 -1 1 7.4783 Xenllium (2024)
Jackpot comma Laseptwenoma L7(29o)M 17249876309 / 17179869184 2.29 [-34 7 7.0404 Eliora (2024)
Major vinetonema Twenothuguma 29o3ugM 261/260 2.3.5.13.29 [-2 2 -1 -1 1 6.6458 Xenllium (2024)
Brunisma Twenosusuyoma 29o17uuyM 290/289 2.5.17.29 [1 1 -2 1 5.9801 Xenllium (2024)
Minor paravinema Twenuluyoma 29u1uyM 320/319 2.5.11.29 [6 1 -1 -1 5.4186 Xenllium (2024)
Major semivinema Twenuthuzoma 29u3uzM 378/377 2.3.7.13.29 [1 3 1 -1 -1 4.5861 Xenllium (2024)
Minor semivinema Twenozoguma 29ozgM 406/405 2.3.5.7.29 [1 -4 -1 1 1 4.2694 Xenllium (2024)
Minor vinetonema Twenunosuthoma 29u19o17u3oM 494/493 2.13.17.19.29 [1 1 -1 1 -1 3.5081 Xenllium (2024)

31-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Co-archytas comma Thiwuzoma 31uzM 63/62 2.3.7.31 [-1 2 1 -1 27.700 Xenwolf (2020)
Tricema Thiwotwethuma 31o23uM 93/92 2.3.23.31 [-2 1 -1 1 18.716 Xenllium (2025)
Twizzler Thiwutriyoma 31u3yM 125/124 2.5.31 [-2 3 -1 13.906 Xenwolf (2020)
Scyllisma Thiwoluruyoma 31o1uryM 155/154 2.5.7.11.31 [-1 1 -1 -1 1 11.205 Xenllium (2025)
Xanthippisma Thiwuthoguma 31u3ogM 156/155 2.3.5.13.31 [2 1 -1 1 -1 11.133 Xenllium (2025)
Lambertisma Thiwusoloma 31u17o1oM 187/186 2.3.11.17.31 [-1 -1 1 1 -1 9.2828 Xenllium (2025)
Tricesimoprimal kleisma Thiwozoma 31ozM 217/216 2.3.7.31 [-3 -3 1 1 7.9965
Doctorsma Lathiwu-athuquadzoma L3(31u)3u4zM 388962/387283 2.3.7.13.31 [1 4 4 -1 -3 7.4892 Stavats (2026)
Lameisma Thiwonuthuma 31o19u3uM 248/247 2.13.19.31 [3 -1 -1 1 6.9949 Xenllium (2025)
Tricetone comma Thiwuzoyoma 31uzyM 280/279 2.3.5.7.31 [3 -2 1 1 -1 6.1940 Xenllium (2025)
Junebug comma Thiwutwenotwethunusotholuzoyoma 31u29o23u19u17o3o1uzyM 448630/447051 [1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 6.1040 Tristan Bay (2024)
Californisma Thiwosuloguma 31o17u1ogM 341/340 2.5.11.17.31 [-2 -1 1 -1 1 5.0844 Xenllium (2025)
Endymisma Thiwunoluma 31u19o1uM 342/341 2.3.11.19.31 [1 2 -1 1 -1 5.0695 Xenllium (2025)
Chinthisma Thiwutwenoruyoma 31u29oryM 435/434 2.3.5.7.29.31 [-1 1 1 -1 1 -1 3.9844 Xenllium (2025)
Alektisma Thiwotwenuyoma 31o29uyM 465/464 2.3.5.29.31 [-4 1 1 -1 1 3.7271 Xenllium (2025)

Higher-limit commas

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Lightyear comma 89u331o3M 714984/704969 2.3.31.89 [3 1 3 -3 24.421 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
41-limit Johnston comma Fowoma 41oM 82/81 2.3.41 [1 -4 1 21.242 Stephen Weigel (2023)
Lilac comma 89u31ooM 2883/2848 2.3.31.89 [-5 1 2 -1 21.146 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
43-limit 10th-tone, large quadracesimotertial 1/10-tone Fothosuguma 43o17ugM 86/85 2.5.17.43 [1 -1 -1 1 20.249 Mister Shaf (2025)
43-limit 10th-tone, small quadracesimotertial 1/10-tone Fothutwenoma 43u29oM 87/86 2.3.29.43 [-1 1 1 -1 20.014
Tailwind comma 89o1uM 89/88 2.11.89 [-3 -1 1 19.562 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
Rebbe comma 389o1urgM 389/385 5.7.11.389 [-1 -1 -1 1 17.8794 Mister Shaf (2025)
Lilly pilly comma 89o31oM 8277/8192 2.3.31.89 [-13 1 1 1 17.871 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
Incisor comma 89uu3yM 8000/7921 2.5.89 [6 3 -2 17.181 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
43-limit Johnston comma Fothoma 43oM 129/128 2.3.43 [-7 1 1 13.473 Stephen Weigel (2023)
Basement comma 89o1oM 979/972 2.3.11.89 [-2 -5 1 1 12.423 Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
Reversed marvel comma 113oggM 226/225 2.3.5.113 [1 -2 -2 1 7.6773 Xenllium (2025)
Sidereal comma 73u61ogM 366/365 2.3.5.61.73 [1 1 -1 1 -1 4.7366 Frostburn (2024)
Five feet comma 127o19ugM 381/380 2.3.5.19.127 [-2 1 -1 -1 1⟩ 4.5499 Eliora (2022)
Semaphorisma Thisothoguma 37o3ogM 481/480 2.3.5.13.37 [-5 -1 -1 1 1 3.6030 Kaiveran (2023)

List of irrational commas

For intervals expressible as edosteps, see Interval size measure. We skip them here for brevity.

Name(s) Color name Ratio Monzo Cents Named by
Caffeinterval 2((7/12) - (1/sqrt(3))) 7.1797 R-4981 (2023)

See also

References