Medium comma

A medium comma is a comma whose size is approximately between 30 and 100 cents. These commas are easily perceptible. Many schools do not consider them true commas. In Sagittal notation, intervals in the smaller part of this category are dieses, and intervals in the larger part of this category are semitones.

For commas over 100 cents, see Large comma; for commas under 30 cents, see Small comma; for such under 3.5 cents see Unnoticeable comma.

Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

See also: Table of 3-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Pythagorean limma, blackwood comma	Sawa	sw2	256 / 243	[8 -5⟩	90.225
301-comma	Wa-301	w-301		[-477 301⟩	88.455
248-comma	Wa-248	w-248		[-393 248⟩	84.840
111-comma	Wa-111	w-111		[176 -111⟩	82.995
142-comma	Wa-142	w-142		[-225 142⟩	77.610
217-comma	Wa-217	w-217		[344 -217⟩	75.765
89-comma	Wa-89	w-89		[-141 89⟩	73.995
Gothic comma, Pythagorean gothma, 17-comma	Wa-17	ssw3	134217728 / 129140163	[27 -17⟩	66.765	Flora Canou (2023) (for Pyth. gothma and gothic comma)
289-comma	Wa-289	w-289		[-458 289⟩	64.995
70-comma	Wa-70	w-70		[111 -70⟩	63.150
183-comma	Wa-183	w-183		[-290 183⟩	57.765
176-comma	Wa-176	w-176		[279 -176⟩	55.920
229-comma	Wa-229	w-229		[363 -229⟩	52.305
77-comma	Wa-77	w-77		[-122 77⟩	50.535
Mystery comma, 29-comma	Wa-29	w-29	70368744177664 / 68630377364883	[46 -29⟩	43.305
277-comma	Wa-277	w-277		[-439 277⟩	41.535
224-comma	Wa-224	w-224		[-355 224⟩	37.920
135-comma	Wa-135	w-135		[214 -135⟩	36.075
171-comma	Wa-171	w-171		[-271 171⟩	34.305
118-comma	Wa-118	w-118		[-187 118⟩	30.690

5-limit commas

See also: Table of 5-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Hogzilla comma	Lala-yoyo	LLyy-2	4428675 / 4194304	[-22 11 2⟩	94.132
Pelogic comma, major chroma	Layobi	Ly1	135 / 128	[-7 3 1⟩	92.179
Quasisuper comma	Sasagu	ssg3	8388608 / 7971615	[23 -13 -1⟩	88.271
Bohpier comma, 13edt comma	Satheyo	sy13-2	1220703125 / 1162261467	[0 -19 13⟩	84.933
Ripple comma	Quingu	g52	6561 / 6250	[-1 8 -5⟩	84.071
Dodecoid comma	Sasa-sepgu	ssg74	536870912 / 512578125	[29 -8 -7⟩	80.164	CompactStar (2023)
Doublewide comma	Quadbiyo	y8-2	390625 / 373248	[-9 -6 8⟩	78.78
Sevond comma	Sasepyo	sy71	5000000 / 4782969	[6 -14 7⟩	76.826	Petr Pařízek (2011)
Nusecond comma	Legu	g113	51018336 / 48828125	[5 13 -11⟩	75.964
Sentinel comma	Trila-quadyo	L3y4-3	8968066875 / 8589934592	[-33 15 4⟩	74.580
Hypovishnuzma	Saquadtrigu	sg124	254803968 / 244140625	[20 5 -12⟩	74.010	ArrowHead294 (2024)
Stump comma	Latriyo	Ly3-2	273375 / 262144	[-18 7 3⟩	72.626
Dicot comma, classic(al) chroma	Yoyo	yy1	25 / 24	[-3 -1 2⟩	70.672
Superpyth comma, grave minor second	Sayo	sy2	20480 / 19683	[12 -9 1⟩	68.719
Diminished comma, major diesis	Quadgu	g42	648 / 625	[3 4 -4⟩	62.565	Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002)
Passion comma	Saquingu	sg53	262144 / 253125	[18 -4 -5⟩	60.611	Paul Erlich (2004)
Shibboleth comma	Tritriyo	y9-2	1953125 / 1889568	[-5 -10 9⟩	57.273	Paul Erlich (2002)
Mynic comma	Quinbigu	g103	10077696 / 9765625	[9 9 -10⟩	54.458
Tritonic comma	Lala-quinyo	LLy5-3	553584375 / 536870912	[-29 11 5⟩	53.074
Magus comma	Salegu	sg114	50331648 / 48828125	[24 1 -11⟩	52.504	ArrowHead294 (2024)
Negri comma, double augmentation diesis	Laquadyo	Ly4-2	16875 / 16384	[-14 3 4⟩	51.120	Paul Erlich (2002)
Goldis comma	Trisa-quadtrigu	s3g125	549755813888 / 533935546875	[39 -7 -12⟩	50.550	Godtone (2024)
Porcupine comma, maximal diesis	Triyo	y31	250 / 243	[1 -5 3⟩	49.166	Herman Miller (1999)
Mowgli comma, 15edt comma	Laquintrigu	Lg153	31381059609 / 30517578125	[0 22 -15⟩	48.304
Immunity comma	Sasa-yoyo	ssyy2	1638400 / 1594323	[16 -13 2⟩	47.212	Mike Battaglia (2011)
Python comma	Lalagu	LLg-2	43046721 / 41943040	[-23 16 -1⟩	44.966	CompactStar (2023)
Augmented comma, diesis	Trigu	g32	128 / 125	[7 0 -3⟩	41.059	Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002)
Wizard comma	Lala-quadtriyo	LLy12-4	2197265625 / 2147483648	[-31 2 12⟩	39.675
Sycamore comma	Laleyo	Ly11-3	48828125 / 47775744	[-16 -6 11⟩	37.721	Paul Erlich (2002)
Absurdity comma	Lala-sepgu	LLg71	10460353203 / 10240000000	[-17 21 -7⟩	36.859	Mike Battaglia (2011)
Fifive comma	Saquinbiyo	sy10-2	9765625 / 9565938	[-1 -14 10⟩	35.767	Petr Pařízek (2011)
Unicorn comma	Laquadbigu	Lg82	1594323 / 1562500	[-2 13 -8⟩	34.905	Paul Erlich (2002)
Valentine comma	Satritrigu	sg93	1990656 / 1953125	[13 5 -9⟩	32.952	Paul Erlich (2002)
Aenima comma	Trisa-quadbiyo	s3y82	209715200000000 / 205891132094649	[29 -30 8⟩	31.860	Douglas Blumeyer (2023)
Ampersand, Ampersand's comma	Lala-tribiyo	LLy6-3	34171875 / 33554432	[-25 7 6⟩	31.567
Mabila comma	Sasa-quinbigu	ssg104	268435456 / 263671875	[28 -3 -10⟩	30.998

7-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Hexadecatone comma, 16-7-comma	Sasa-quadquadrubi	ssr16-6	35184372088832 / 33232930569601	[45 0 0 -16⟩	98.785
Gamelismic minor second	Trizo	z33	343 / 324	[-2 -4 0 3⟩	98.658	Jerdle (2021)
29-7/5-comma	Twenezogu	z29g2919		[-14 0 -29 29⟩	92.854
47-35-comma	Thela-fosezoyo	L13z47y476		[-241 0 47 47⟩	91.562
Septimal minor semitone	Zogu	zg2	21 / 20	[-2 1 -1 1⟩	84.467
39-7/5-comma	Thetriruyo	r39y39-24		[19 0 39 -39⟩	82.024
6561/6272	Laruru	Lrr-2	6561 / 6272	[-7 8 0 -2⟩	77.988
36-7-comma	Quinla-quadtritrizo	L5z3614		[-101 0 0 36⟩	77.733
Prograde comma, ed7/4 microdiatonic comma	Zozotrigu	zzg33	392 / 375	[3 -1 -3 2⟩	76.756	OffsuitKnave (2022)
Bapbo comma	Rurugu	rrg1	256 / 245	[8 0 -1 -2⟩	76.034	Flirora (2021)
18-21-comma	Quinla-tritribizo	L5z186		[-79 18 0 18⟩	74.056
15-35-comma	Quadsa-quintrirugu	s4r15g15-2		[77 0 -15 -15⟩	72.906
slendro integer cents comma⁠ ⁠[clarification needed ]				[1123 0 0 -400⟩	69.637
47-7-comma	Sepsa-foseru	s7r47-17		[132 0 0 -47⟩	65.182
35 large diesis	Lazoyo	Lzy1	8505 / 8192	[-13 5 1 1⟩	64.915	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)
33-21-comma	Tritrisa-letriru	s9r33-9		[145 -33 0 -33⟩	64.23
Trienstonic comma, septimal third-tone	Zo	z2	28 / 27	[2 -3 0 1⟩	62.961
31-7/5-comma	Thiwezogu	z31g3120		[-15 0 -31 31⟩	57.878
Septimal 2/7-tone	Lazozogu	Lzzg2	1323 / 1280	[-8 3 -1 2⟩	57.203	Eliora (2022)
Greenwoodma	Ruruyo	rry-2	405 / 392	[-3 4 1 -2⟩	56.482	Francium (2023)
21-7-comma	Trisa-septriru	s3r21-8	576460752303423488 / 558545864083284007	[59 0 0 -21⟩	54.656
Harrison's comma	Laru	Lr-2	59049 / 57344	[-13 10 0 -1⟩	50.724
39-35-comma	Lela-thetrizoyo	L11z39y395		[-200 0 39 39⟩	50.445
Keega	Trizogu	z3g33	1029 / 1000	[-3 1 -3 3⟩	49.492	Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Mint comma, septimal quartertone	Rugu	rg1	36 / 35	[2 2 -1 -1⟩	48.77	Mike Battaglia (2012)
37-7/5-comma	Thiseruyo	r37y37-23		[18 0 37 -37⟩	47.049
5-21-comma	Saquinru	sr5-2	4194304 / 4084101	[22 -5 0 -5⟩	46.095
Nonary comma			7247757312/7061881225	[28 3 -2 -10⟩	44.98	Fitzgerald Lee (2024)
Cloudy comma	Laquinzo	Lz53	16807 / 16384	[-14 0 0 5⟩	44.13	Flirora (2021)
Avicennma, Avicenna's enharmonic diesis	Lazoyoyo	Lzyy1	525 / 512	[-9 1 2 1⟩	43.408
Skwares comma	Laquadru	Lr4-3	19683 / 19208	[-3 9 0 -4⟩	42.291
Septimal inframinor second	Sazoyo	szy2	2240 / 2187	[6 -7 1 1⟩	41.456	FloraC (2023)
Septimal octatonic comma	Lala-quadbizoyo	LLz8y82	2251875390625 / 2199023255552	[-41 0 8 8⟩	41.117	ArrowHead294 (2024)
Mabilisma	Latrizo-aquinyo	Lz3y51	1071875 / 1048576	[-20 0 5 3⟩	38.046
Slendro diesis	Zozo	zz2	49 / 48	[-4 -1 0 2⟩	35.697
Arcturus comma	Larutribiyo	Lry6-2	15625 / 15309	[0 -7 6 -1⟩	35.371
Jubilisma, tritonic diesis	Biruyo	rryy-2	50 / 49	[1 0 2 -2⟩	34.976
Eric	Sepru	r7-4	839808 / 823543	[7 8 0 -7⟩	33.859
German sixth comma	Quadla-thiwezo	L4z3112		[-87 0 0 31⟩	33.603
Llywelynsma, llywelyn comma	Sasepru-agu	sr7g-3	4194304 / 4117715	[22 0 -1 -7⟩	31.905	+merlan #flirora (2021)
23-35-comma	Sepsa-twetherugu	s7r23g23-3		[118 0 -23 -23⟩	31.789

11-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Axirabian limma	Lulubi	1uu2	128 / 121	[7 0 0 0 -2⟩	97.364	Dawson Berry (2021)
11-cycle major seventh prote, 35-11-comma	Quinla-sepquinlo	L51o35-8		[-121 0 0 0 35⟩	96.128
Undecimal minor semitone	Loru	1or1	22 / 21	[1 -1 0 -1 1⟩	80.537
Wormwoodma	Lolozogu	1oozg2	847 / 810	[-1 -4 -1 1 2⟩	77.328	Jerdle (2023)
11-cycle chroma, 11-11-comma	Lala-lelo	LL1o11-3	285311670611 / 274877906944	[-38 0 0 0 11⟩	64.497
Undecimal major diesis	Lalu	L1u1	729 / 704	[-6 6 0 0 -1⟩	60.412
Jug comma	Lulutrityo	1uuy31	125 / 121	[0 0 3 0 -2⟩	56.305	CompactStar (2024)
Io comma, undecimal quartertone, al-Farabi quartertone	Ilo	1o1	33 / 32	[-5 1 0 0 1⟩	53.273
25·11/7 medium diesis	Luzogugu	1uzgg2	567 / 550	[-1 4 -2 1 -1⟩	52.701	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)
Sterno	Lotriru	1or3-2	352 / 343	[5 0 0 -3 1⟩	44.84
Alpharabian paralimma	Satrilu	s1u32	4096 / 3993	[12 -1 0 0 -3⟩	44.091	Dawson Berry (2021)
Nokotan, Shikanokonokonokokoshitantanma	Luzoquinyo	1uzy51	21875 / 21384	[-3 -5 5 1 -1⟩	39.302	Budjarn Lambeth (2024, short name) R-4981 (2024, long name)
Undecimal 1/5-tone	Luyo	1uy1	45 / 44	[-2 2 1 0 -1⟩	38.906
Hunt flat 5 comma	Salu	s1u2	8192 / 8019	[13 -6 0 0 -1⟩	36.952
11/7 comma	Laluzo	L1uz1	45927 / 45056	[-12 8 0 1 -1⟩	33.148	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)
Igs boson, 13-11-comma	Sasa-thelu	ss1u134	35184372088832 / 34522712143931	[45 0 0 0 -13⟩	32.867
Telepathma	Loyo	1oy1	55 / 54	[-1 -3 1 0 1⟩	31.767	Gene Ward Smith (2014)
Hunt 11-cycle comma	Trila-quadtribilo	L31o24-6		[-83 0 0 0 24⟩	31.631
Undecimal diesis, konbini comma	Luzogu	1uzg2	56 / 55	[3 0 -1 1 -1⟩	31.194

13-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
55/52	Thuloyo	3u1oy1	55 / 52	[-2 0 1 0 1 -1⟩	97.104
Large tridecimal 1/3-tone	Thogugu	3ogg2	26 / 25	[1 0 -2 0 0 1⟩	67.900
Small tridecimal 1/3-tone	Thu	3u1	27 / 26	[-1 3 0 0 0 -1⟩	65.337
Superflat comma, tridecimal quartertone, Hunt minor submediant comma	Latho	L3o1	1053 / 1024	[-10 4 0 0 0 1⟩	48.348	Flora Canou (2020) for tridecimal quartertone CompactStar (2023) for superflat comma
Tridecimal ennealimma	Tritritho	3o93	10604499373 / 10319560704	[-19 -9 0 0 0⟩	47.154	ArrowHead294 (2024)
416/405	Thogu	3og2	416 / 405	[5 -4 -1 0 0 1⟩	46.394
Tridecimal minor diesis	Thuyo	3uy1	40 / 39	[3 -1 1 0 0 -1⟩	43.831
Keladisma	Thotriru	3or3-2	351/343	[0 3 0 -3 0 1⟩	39.915	Lériendil (2024)
Astbury	Latribitho	L3o62	4826809 / 4718592	[-19 -2 0 0 0 6⟩	39.256	Peter Kosmorsky (2012)
13/7 small diesis	Lathuzo	L3uz1	1701 / 1664	[-7 5 0 1 0 -1⟩	38.073	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)

17-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Small septendecimal semitone, Arabic lute index finger	Su	17u1	18 / 17	[1 2 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	98.955
Septendecimal ~20edo-step	Sulogu	17u1og1	88 / 85	[3 0 -1 0 1 0 -1⟩	60.049	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
12 semitone comma	Lala-quadtriso	LL17o126	582622237229761 / 562949953421312	[-49 0 0 0 0 0 12⟩	59.465
Large septendecimal quartertone	Solu	17o1u2	34 / 33	[1 -1 0 0 -1 0 1⟩	51.682	Flora Canou (2021)
Small septendecimal quartertone	Suzoyo	17uzy1	35 / 34	[-1 0 1 1 0 0 -1⟩	50.184	Flora Canou (2021)
11 semitone comma	Sasa-lesu	ss17u11-5	35184372088832 / 34271896307633	[45 0 0 0 0 0 -11⟩	45.49
Large septendecimal 1/6-tone, 17th-partial chroma	Sogugu	17ogg2	51 / 50	[-1 1 -2 0 0 0 1⟩	34.283	Flora Canou (2023)
Small septendecimal 1/6-tone	Sutho	17u3o1	52 / 51	[2 -1 0 0 0 1 -1⟩	33.617	Xenllium (2023)
Hunt 17-cycle comma	Quinsa-sebisu	s517u-34-14		[139 0 0 0 0 0 -34⟩	31.516

19-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Large undevicesimal semitone	Ino	19o2	19 / 18	[-1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	93.603	Xenllium (2019)
Small undevicesimal semitone	Nuyo	19uy1	20 / 19	[2 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	88.801	Xenllium (2019)
Undevicesimal 2/9-tone	Nutho	19u3o1	39 / 38	[-1 1 0 0 0 1 0 -1⟩	44.97	Xenllium (2023)
Hendrix comma	Noru	19or1	57 / 56	[-3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	30.642

23-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Large vicesimotertial semitone	Twetholu	23o1u2	23 / 22	2.11.23 [-1 -1 1⟩	76.956	Xenwolf (2020)
Small vicesimotertial semitone	Twethu	23u1	24 / 23	2.3.23 [3 1 -1⟩	73.681	Xenwolf (2020)
Undecimisma	Twethosusutho	23o17uu3o1	299 / 289	13.17.23 [1 -2 1⟩	58.891	Inisil (2024)
Lipsett comma	Labitwethu	L23uu-2	2187 / 2116	2.3.23 [-2 7 -2⟩	57.136	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
Vicesimotertial 1/5-tone	Twethogu	23og2	46 / 45	2.3.5.23 [1 -2 -1 1⟩	38.051	Flirora (2023)

Higher-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
47-limit ~quartertone comma	Safoso	s47o2	752 / 729	2.3.47 [4 -6 1⟩	53.777	Stephen Weigel (2023)
37-limit Wyschnegradsky ~quartertone	Thiso	37o2	37 / 36	2.3.37 [-2 -2 1⟩	47.434	Stephen Weigel (2023)
Oxidizer comma			729 / 712	2.3.89 [-3 6 -1⟩	40.850	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
Lutra comma	Latrithiwo	L31o3-3	268119 / 262144	2.3.31 [-18 2 3⟩	39.017	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
Canine comma			1000 / 979	2.5.11.89 [3 3 -1 -1⟩	36.743	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
48/47	Fosu	47u1	48 / 47	2.3.47 [4 1 -1⟩	36.448
248/243			248 / 243	2.3.31 [3 -5 1⟩	35.261
Vicesimononal comma	Tweno	29o1	261 / 256	2.3.29 [-8 2 1⟩	33.487	Stephen Weigel (2023)
Attic comma			7921 / 7776	2.3.89 [-5 -5 2⟩	31.985	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)

List of irrational commas

For intervals expressible as edosteps, see Interval size measure. We skip them here for brevity.

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Engineer's comma			π / 3		79.840	Eliora (2022)