Medium comma
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A medium comma is a comma whose size is approximately between 30 and 100 cents. These commas are easily perceptible.
For commas over 100 cents, see Large comma; for commas under 30 cents, see Small comma; for such under 3.5 cents see Unnoticeable comma.
Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.
List of commas, by prime limit
3-limit commas
- See also: Table of 3-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pythagorean limma, blackwood comma | Sawa | sw2 | 256 / 243 | [8 -5⟩ | 90.225 | |
301-comma | Wa-301 | w-301 | [-477 301⟩ | 88.455 | ||
248-comma | Wa-248 | w-248 | [-393 248⟩ | 84.840 | ||
111-comma | Wa-111 | w-111 | [176 -111⟩ | 82.995 | ||
142-comma | Wa-142 | w-142 | [-225 142⟩ | 77.610 | ||
217-comma | Wa-217 | w-217 | [344 -217⟩ | 75.765 | ||
89-comma | Wa-89 | w-89 | [-141 89⟩ | 73.995 | ||
17-comma, Pythagorean gothma, gothic comma | Wa-17 | ssw3 | 134217728 / 129140163 | [27 -17⟩ | 66.765 | Flora Canou (2023) |
289-comma | Wa-289 | w-289 | [-458 289⟩ | 64.995 | ||
70-comma | Wa-70 | w-70 | [111 -70⟩ | 63.150 | ||
183-comma | Wa-183 | w-183 | [-290 183⟩ | 57.765 | ||
176-comma | Wa-176 | w-176 | [279 -176⟩ | 55.920 | ||
229-comma | Wa-229 | w-229 | [363 -229⟩ | 52.305 | ||
77-comma | Wa-77 | w-77 | [-122 77⟩ | 50.535 | ||
29-comma, mystery comma | Wa-29 | w-29 | 70368744177664 / 68630377364883 | [46 -29⟩ | 43.305 | |
277-comma | Wa-277 | w-277 | [-439 277⟩ | 41.535 | ||
224-comma | Wa-224 | w-224 | [-355 224⟩ | 37.920 | ||
135-comma | Wa-135 | w-135 | [214 -135⟩ | 36.075 | ||
171-comma | Wa-171 | w-171 | [-271 171⟩ | 34.305 | ||
118-comma | Wa-118 | w-118 | [-187 118⟩ | 30.690 |
5-limit commas
- See also: Table of 5-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hogzilla | Lala-yoyo | LLyy-2 | 4428675 / 4194304 | [-22 11 2⟩ | 94.132 | |
Pelogic comma, major chroma | Layobi | Ly1 | 135 / 128 | [-7 3 1⟩ | 92.179 | |
sasagu | Sasagu | ssg3 | 8388608 / 7971615 | [23 -13 -1⟩ | 88.271 | |
Bohpier, 13edt comma | Satheyo | sy13-2 | 1220703125 / 1162261467 | [0 -19 13⟩ | 84.933 | |
Ripple | Quingu | g52 | 6561 / 6250 | [-1 8 -5⟩ | 84.071 | |
Dodecoid comma | 536870912 / 512578125 | [29 -8 -7⟩ | 80.164 | CompactStar (2023) | ||
Doublewide | Quadbiyo | y8-2 | 390625 / 373248 | [-9 -6 8⟩ | 78.78 | |
Sevond comma | Sasepyo | sy71 | 5000000 / 4782969 | [6 -14 7⟩ | 76.826 | Petr Pařízek (2011) |
Nusecond | Legu | g113 | 51018336 / 48828125 | [5 13 -11⟩ | 75.964 | |
Sentinel | Trila-quadyo | L3y4-3 | 8968066875 / 8589934592 | [-33 15 4⟩ | 74.580 | |
Stump | Latriyo | Ly3-2 | 273375 / 262144 | [-18 7 3⟩ | 72.626 | |
Dicot comma, classic(al) chroma | Yoyo | yy1 | 25 / 24 | [-3 -1 2⟩ | 70.672 | |
Superpyth, grave minor second | Sayo | sy2 | 20480 / 19683 | [12 -9 1⟩ | 68.719 | |
Diminished comma, major diesis | Quadgu | g42 | 648 / 625 | [3 4 -4⟩ | 62.565 | Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002) |
Passion | Saquingu | sg53 | 262144 / 253125 | [18 -4 -5⟩ | 60.611 | |
Shibboleth | Tritriyo | y9-2 | 1953125 / 1889568 | [-5 -10 9⟩ | 57.273 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Mynic | Quinbigu | g103 | 10077696 / 9765625 | [9 9 -10⟩ | 54.458 | |
Tritonic | Lala-quinyo | LLy5-3 | 553584375 / 536870912 | [-29 11 5⟩ | 53.074 | |
Negri comma, double augmentation diesis | Laquadyo | Ly4-2 | 16875 / 16384 | [-14 3 4⟩ | 51.120 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Porcupine comma, maximal diesis | Triyo | y31 | 250 / 243 | [1 -5 3⟩ | 49.166 | Herman Miller (1999) |
Mowgli, 15edt comma | Laquintrigu | Lg153 | 31381059609 / 30517578125 | [0 22 -15⟩ | 48.304 | |
Immunity comma | Sasa-yoyo | ssyy2 | 1638400 / 1594323 | [16 -13 2⟩ | 47.212 | Mike Battaglia (2011) |
lalagu comma | Lalagu | LLg-2 | 43046721 / 41943040 | [-23 16 -1⟩ | 44.966 | |
Augmented comma, diesis | Trigu | g32 | 128 / 125 | [7 0 -3⟩ | 41.059 | Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002) |
Wizard | Lala-quadtriyo | LLy12-4 | 2197265625 / 2147483648 | [-31 2 12⟩ | 39.675 | |
Sycamore comma | Laleyo | Ly11-3 | 48828125 / 47775744 | [-16 -6 11⟩ | 37.721 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Absurdity comma | Lala-sepgu | LLg71 | 10460353203 / 10240000000 | [-17 21 -7⟩ | 36.859 | Mike Battaglia (2011) |
Fifive comma | Saquinbiyo | sy10-2 | 9765625 / 9565938 | [-1 -14 10⟩ | 35.767 | Petr Pařízek (2011) |
Unicorn comma | Laquadbigu | Lg82 | 1594323 / 1562500 | [-2 13 -8⟩ | 34.905 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Valentine comma | Satritrigu | sg93 | 1990656 / 1953125 | [13 5 -9⟩ | 32.952 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Aenima comma | 209715200000000 / 205891132094649 | [29 -30 8⟩ | 31.860 | Douglas Blumeyer (2023) | ||
Ampersand, Ampersand's comma | Lala-tribiyo | LLy6-3 | 34171875 / 33554432 | [-25 7 6⟩ | 31.567 | |
Mabila comma | Sasa-quinbigu | ssg104 | 268435456 / 263671875 | [28 -3 -10⟩ | 30.998 |
7-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hexadecatone comma, 16-7-comma | Sasa-quadquadrubi | ssr16-6 | 35184372088832 / 33232930569601 | [45 0 0 -16⟩ | 98.785 | |
29-7/5-comma | Twenezogu | [-14 0 -29 29⟩ | 92.854 | |||
47-35-comma | Thela-fosezoyo | [-241 0 47 47⟩ | 91.562 | |||
Septimal minor semitone | Zogu | zg2 | 21 / 20 | [-2 1 -1 1⟩ | 84.467 | |
39-7/5-comma | Thetriruyo | [19 0 39 -39⟩ | 82.024 | |||
laruru negative 2nd | Laruru | Lrr-2 | 6561 / 6272 | [-7 8 0 -2⟩ | 77.988 | |
36-7-comma | Quinla-quadtritrizo | [-101 0 0 36⟩ | 77.733 | |||
Prograde comma, ed7/4 microdiatonic comma | Zozotrigu | zzg33 | 392 / 375 | [3 -1 -3 2⟩ | 76.756 | |
Bapbo comma | Rurugu | rrg1 | 256 / 245 | [8 0 -1 -2⟩ | 76.034 | |
18-21-comma | Quinla-tritribizo | [-79 18 0 18⟩ | 74.056 | |||
15-35-comma | Quadsa-quintrirugu | [77 0 -15 -15⟩ | 72.906 | |||
[1123 0 0 -400⟩ | 69.637 | |||||
47-7-comma | Sepsa-foseru | [132 0 0 -47⟩ | 65.182 | |||
33-21-comma | Tritrisa-letriru | [145 -33 0 -33⟩ | 64.23 | |||
Trienstonic comma, septimal third-tone | Zo | z2 | 28 / 27 | [2 -3 0 1⟩ | 62.961 | |
31-7/5-comma | Thiwezogu | [-15 0 -31 31⟩ | 57.878 | |||
Greenwoodma | Ruruyo | rry-2 | 405 / 392 | [-3 4 1 -2⟩ | 56.482 | |
21-7-comma | Trisa-septriru | 576460752303423488 / 558545864083284007 | [59 0 0 -21⟩ | 54.656 | ||
Harrison's comma | Laru | Lr-2 | 59049 / 57344 | [-13 10 0 -1⟩ | 50.724 | |
39-35-comma | Lela-thetrizoyo | [-200 0 39 39⟩ | 50.445 | |||
Keega | Trizogu | z3g33 | 1029 / 1000 | [-3 1 -3 3⟩ | 49.492 | |
Mint comma, septimal 1/4-tone | Rugu | rg1 | 36 / 35 | [2 2 -1 -1⟩ | 48.77 | Mike Battaglia (2012) |
37-7/5-comma | Thiseruyo | [18 0 37 -37⟩ | 47.049 | |||
5-21-comma | Saquinru | sr5-2 | 4194304 / 4084101 | [22 -5 0 -5⟩ | 46.095 | |
Cloudy comma | Laquinzo | Lz53 | 16807 / 16384 | [-14 0 0 5⟩ | 44.13 | |
Avicennma, Avicenna's enharmonic diesis | Lazoyoyo | Lzyy1 | 525 / 512 | [-9 1 2 1⟩ | 43.408 | |
8-35-comma | Lala-quadbizoyo | LLz8y82 | 2251875390625 / 2199023255552 | [-41 0 8 8⟩ | 41.117 | |
Mabilisma | Latrizo-aquinyo | Lz3y51 | 1071875 / 1048576 | [-20 0 5 3⟩ | 38.046 | |
Slendro diesis | Zozo | zz2 | 49 / 48 | [-4 -1 0 2⟩ | 35.697 | |
Arcturus comma | Larutribiyo | Lry6-2 | 15625 / 15309 | [0 -7 6 -1⟩ | 35.371 | |
Jubilisma, tritonic diesis | Biruyo | rryy-2 | 50 / 49 | [1 0 2 -2⟩ | 34.976 | |
Eric | Sepru | r7-4 | 839808 / 823543 | [7 8 0 -7⟩ | 33.859 | |
German sixth comma | Quadla-thiwezo | [-87 0 0 31⟩ | 33.603 | |||
Llywelynsma, llywelyn comma | Sasepru-agu | sr7g-3 | 4194304 / 4117715 | [22 0 -1 -7⟩ | 31.905 | +merlan #flirora (2021) |
23-35-comma | Sepsa-twetherugu | [118 0 -23 -23⟩ | 31.789 |
11-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11-cycle major seventh prote, 35-11-comma | Quinla-sepquinlo | [-121 0 0 0 35⟩ | 96.128 | |||
undecimal minor semitone | Loru | 1or1 | 22 / 21 | [1 -1 0 -1 1⟩ | 80.537 | |
11-cycle chroma, 11-11-comma | Lala-lelo | LL1o11-3 | 285311670611 / 274877906944 | [-38 0 0 0 11⟩ | 64.497 | |
undecimal major diesis | Lalu | L1u1 | 729 / 704 | [-6 6 0 0 -1⟩ | 60.412 | |
undecimal 1/4-tone, al-Farabi's 1/4-tone | Ilo | 1o1 | 33 / 32 | [-5 1 0 0 1⟩ | 53.273 | |
sterno | Lotriru | 1or3-2 | 352 / 343 | [5 0 0 -3 1⟩ | 44.84 | |
undecimal 1/5-tone | Luyo | 1uy1 | 45 / 44 | [-2 2 1 0 -1⟩ | 38.906 | |
Hunt flat 5 comma | Salu | s1u2 | 8192 / 8019 | [13 -6 0 0 -1⟩ | 36.952 | |
Igs boson, 13-11-comma | Sasa-thelu | ss1u134 | 35184372088832 / 34522712143931 | [45 0 0 0 -13⟩ | 32.867 | |
telepathma | Loyo | 1oy1 | 55 / 54 | [-1 -3 1 0 1⟩ | 31.767 | |
Hunt 11-cycle comma | Trila-quadtribilo | [-83 0 0 0 24⟩ | 31.631 | |||
undecimal diesis | Luzogu | 1uzg2 | 56 / 55 | [3 0 -1 1 -1⟩ | 31.194 |
13-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
large tridecimal 1/3-tone | Thogugu | 3ogg2 | 26 / 25 | [1 0 -2 0 0 1⟩ | 67.9 | |
small tridecimal 1/3-tone | Thu | 3u1 | 27 / 26 | [-1 3 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 65.337 | |
tridecimal 1/4-tone, Hunt minor submediant comma | Latho | L3o1 | 1053 / 1024 | [-10 4 0 0 0 1⟩ | 48.348 | |
tridecimal minor diesis | Thuyo | 3uy1 | 40 / 39 | [3 -1 1 0 0 -1⟩ | 43.831 | |
astbury | Latribitho | L3o62 | 4826809 / 4718592 | [-19 -2 0 0 0 6⟩ | 39.256 | Peter Kosmorsky (2012) |
17-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
small septendeciml semitone, Arabic lute index finger | Su | 17u1 | 18 / 17 | [1 2 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 98.955 | |
12 semitone comma | Lala-quadtriso | LL17o126 | 582622237229761 / 562949953421312 | [-49 0 0 0 0 0 12⟩ | 59.465 | |
large septendecimal 1/4-tone | Solu | 17o1u2 | 34 / 33 | [1 -1 0 0 -1 0 1⟩ | 51.682 | |
small septendecimal 1/4-tone | Suzoyo | 17uzy1 | 35 / 34 | [-1 0 1 1 0 0 -1⟩ | 50.184 | |
11 semitone comma | Sasa-lesu | ss17u11-5 | 35184372088832 / 34271896307633 | [45 0 0 0 0 0 -11⟩ | 45.49 | |
large septendecimal 1/6-tone, 17th-partial chroma | Sogugu | 17ogg2 | 51 / 50 | [-1 1 -2 0 0 0 1⟩ | 34.283 | |
small septendecimal 1/6-tone | Sutho | 17u3o1 | 52 / 51 | [2 -1 0 0 0 1 -1⟩ | 33.617 | |
Hunt 17-cycle comma | [139 0 0 0 0 0 -34⟩ | 31.516 |
19-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
large undevicesimal semitone | Ino | 19o2 | 19 / 18 | [-1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩ | 93.603 | |
small undevicesimal semitone | Nuyo | 19uy1 | 20 / 19 | [2 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 88.801 | |
nutho unison | Nutho | 19u3o1 | 39 / 38 | [-1 1 0 0 0 1 0 -1⟩ | 44.97 | |
hendrix comma | Noru | 19or1 | 57 / 56 | [-3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩ | 30.642 |
23-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
large vicesimotertial semitone | 23 / 22 | [-1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩ | 76.956 | |||
small vicesimotertial semitone | 24 / 23 | [3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 73.681 | |||
vicesimotertial fifth-tone | 46 / 45 | [1 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩ | 38.051 |
Higher-limit commas
Name(s) | Color name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxidizer comma | 729/712 | 2.3.89 [-3 6 -1⟩ | 40.8499 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) | ||
Canine comma | 1000/979 | 2.5.11.89 [3 3 -1 -1⟩ | 36.7431 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) | ||
Attic comma | 7921/7776 | 2.3.89 [-5 -5 2⟩ | 31.9852 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) |