Medium comma
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A medium comma is a comma whose size is approximately between 30 and 100 cents. These commas are easily perceptible. Many schools do not consider them true commas. In Sagittal notation, intervals in the smaller part of this category are dieses, and intervals in the larger part of this category are semitones[1].
For commas over 100 cents, see Large comma; for commas under 30 cents, see Small comma; for such under 3.5 cents see Unnoticeable comma.
Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.
List of commas, by prime limit
3-limit commas
- See also: Table of 3-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pythagorean limma, blackwood comma | Sawa | sw2 | 256 / 243 | [8 -5⟩ | 90.225 | |
301-comma | Wa-301 | w-301 | [-477 301⟩ | 88.455 | ||
248-comma | Wa-248 | w-248 | [-393 248⟩ | 84.840 | ||
111-comma | Wa-111 | w-111 | [176 -111⟩ | 82.995 | ||
142-comma | Wa-142 | w-142 | [-225 142⟩ | 77.610 | ||
217-comma | Wa-217 | w-217 | [344 -217⟩ | 75.765 | ||
89-comma | Wa-89 | w-89 | [-141 89⟩ | 73.995 | ||
17-comma, Pythagorean gothma, gothic comma | Wa-17 | ssw3 | 134217728 / 129140163 | [27 -17⟩ | 66.765 | Flora Canou (2023) |
289-comma | Wa-289 | w-289 | [-458 289⟩ | 64.995 | ||
70-comma | Wa-70 | w-70 | [111 -70⟩ | 63.150 | ||
183-comma | Wa-183 | w-183 | [-290 183⟩ | 57.765 | ||
176-comma | Wa-176 | w-176 | [279 -176⟩ | 55.920 | ||
229-comma | Wa-229 | w-229 | [363 -229⟩ | 52.305 | ||
77-comma | Wa-77 | w-77 | [-122 77⟩ | 50.535 | ||
29-comma, mystery comma | Wa-29 | w-29 | 70368744177664 / 68630377364883 |
[46 -29⟩ | 43.305 | |
277-comma | Wa-277 | w-277 | [-439 277⟩ | 41.535 | ||
224-comma | Wa-224 | w-224 | [-355 224⟩ | 37.920 | ||
135-comma | Wa-135 | w-135 | [214 -135⟩ | 36.075 | ||
171-comma | Wa-171 | w-171 | [-271 171⟩ | 34.305 | ||
118-comma | Wa-118 | w-118 | [-187 118⟩ | 30.690 |
5-limit commas
- See also: Table of 5-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hogzilla comma | Lala-yoyo | LLyy-2 | 4428675 / 4194304 | [-22 11 2⟩ | 94.132 | |
Pelogic comma, major chroma | Layobi | Ly1 | 135 / 128 | [-7 3 1⟩ | 92.179 | |
Quasisuper comma | Sasagu | ssg3 | 8388608 / 7971615 | [23 -13 -1⟩ | 88.271 | |
Bohpier comma, 13edt comma | Satheyo | sy13-2 | 1220703125 / 1162261467 | [0 -19 13⟩ | 84.933 | |
Ripple comma | Quingu | g52 | 6561 / 6250 | [-1 8 -5⟩ | 84.071 | |
Dodecoid comma | Sasa-sepgu | ssg74 | 536870912 / 512578125 | [29 -8 -7⟩ | 80.164 | CompactStar (2023) |
Doublewide comma | Quadbiyo | y8-2 | 390625 / 373248 | [-9 -6 8⟩ | 78.78 | |
Sevond comma | Sasepyo | sy71 | 5000000 / 4782969 | [6 -14 7⟩ | 76.826 | Petr Pařízek (2011) |
Nusecond comma | Legu | g113 | 51018336 / 48828125 | [5 13 -11⟩ | 75.964 | |
Sentinel comma | Trila-quadyo | L3y4-3 | 8968066875 / 8589934592 | [-33 15 4⟩ | 74.580 | |
Hypovishnuzma | Saquadtrigu | sg124 | 254803968 / 244140625 | [20 5 -12⟩ | 74.010 | |
Stump comma | Latriyo | Ly3-2 | 273375 / 262144 | [-18 7 3⟩ | 72.626 | |
Dicot comma, classic(al) chroma | Yoyo | yy1 | 25 / 24 | [-3 -1 2⟩ | 70.672 | |
Superpyth comma, grave minor second | Sayo | sy2 | 20480 / 19683 | [12 -9 1⟩ | 68.719 | |
Diminished comma, major diesis | Quadgu | g42 | 648 / 625 | [3 4 -4⟩ | 62.565 | Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002) |
Passion comma | Saquingu | sg53 | 262144 / 253125 | [18 -4 -5⟩ | 60.611 | Paul Erlich (2004) |
Shibboleth comma | Tritriyo | y9-2 | 1953125 / 1889568 | [-5 -10 9⟩ | 57.273 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Mynic comma | Quinbigu | g103 | 10077696 / 9765625 | [9 9 -10⟩ | 54.458 | |
Tritonic comma | Lala-quinyo | LLy5-3 | 553584375 / 536870912 | [-29 11 5⟩ | 53.074 | |
Negri comma, double augmentation diesis | Laquadyo | Ly4-2 | 16875 / 16384 | [-14 3 4⟩ | 51.120 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Porcupine comma, maximal diesis | Triyo | y31 | 250 / 243 | [1 -5 3⟩ | 49.166 | Herman Miller (1999) |
Mowgli comma, 15edt comma | Laquintrigu | Lg153 | 31381059609 / 30517578125 |
[0 22 -15⟩ | 48.304 | |
Immunity comma | Sasa-yoyo | ssyy2 | 1638400 / 1594323 | [16 -13 2⟩ | 47.212 | Mike Battaglia (2011) |
Python comma | Lalagu | LLg-2 | 43046721 / 41943040 | [-23 16 -1⟩ | 44.966 | CompactStar (2023) |
Augmented comma, diesis | Trigu | g32 | 128 / 125 | [7 0 -3⟩ | 41.059 | Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002) |
Wizard comma | Lala-quadtriyo | LLy12-4 | 2197265625 / 2147483648 | [-31 2 12⟩ | 39.675 | |
Sycamore comma | Laleyo | Ly11-3 | 48828125 / 47775744 | [-16 -6 11⟩ | 37.721 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Absurdity comma | Lala-sepgu | LLg71 | 10460353203 / 10240000000 |
[-17 21 -7⟩ | 36.859 | Mike Battaglia (2011) |
Fifive comma | Saquinbiyo | sy10-2 | 9765625 / 9565938 | [-1 -14 10⟩ | 35.767 | Petr Pařízek (2011) |
Unicorn comma | Laquadbigu | Lg82 | 1594323 / 1562500 | [-2 13 -8⟩ | 34.905 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Valentine comma | Satritrigu | sg93 | 1990656 / 1953125 | [13 5 -9⟩ | 32.952 | Paul Erlich (2002) |
Aenima comma | Trisa-quadbiyo | s3y82 | 209715200000000 / 205891132094649 |
[29 -30 8⟩ | 31.860 | Douglas Blumeyer (2023) |
Ampersand, Ampersand's comma | Lala-tribiyo | LLy6-3 | 34171875 / 33554432 | [-25 7 6⟩ | 31.567 | |
Mabila comma | Sasa-quinbigu | ssg104 | 268435456 / 263671875 | [28 -3 -10⟩ | 30.998 |
7-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hexadecatone comma, 16-7-comma | Sasa-quadquadrubi | ssr16-6 | 35184372088832 / 33232930569601 |
[45 0 0 -16⟩ | 98.785 | |
29-7/5-comma | Twenezogu | z29g2919 | [-14 0 -29 29⟩ | 92.854 | ||
47-35-comma | Thela-fosezoyo | L13z47y476 | [-241 0 47 47⟩ | 91.562 | ||
Septimal minor semitone | Zogu | zg2 | 21 / 20 | [-2 1 -1 1⟩ | 84.467 | |
39-7/5-comma | Thetriruyo | r39y39-24 | [19 0 39 -39⟩ | 82.024 | ||
Laruru negative 2nd | Laruru | Lrr-2 | 6561 / 6272 | [-7 8 0 -2⟩ | 77.988 | |
36-7-comma | Quinla-quadtritrizo | L5z3614 | [-101 0 0 36⟩ | 77.733 | ||
Prograde comma, ed7/4 microdiatonic comma | Zozotrigu | zzg33 | 392 / 375 | [3 -1 -3 2⟩ | 76.756 | |
Bapbo comma | Rurugu | rrg1 | 256 / 245 | [8 0 -1 -2⟩ | 76.034 | |
18-21-comma | Quinla-tritribizo | L5z186 | [-79 18 0 18⟩ | 74.056 | ||
15-35-comma | Quadsa-quintrirugu | s4r15g15-2 | [77 0 -15 -15⟩ | 72.906 | ||
[1123 0 0 -400⟩ | 69.637 | |||||
47-7-comma | Sepsa-foseru | s7r47-17 | [132 0 0 -47⟩ | 65.182 | ||
33-21-comma | Tritrisa-letriru | s9r33-9 | [145 -33 0 -33⟩ | 64.23 | ||
Trienstonic comma, septimal third-tone | Zo | z2 | 28 / 27 | [2 -3 0 1⟩ | 62.961 | |
31-7/5-comma | Thiwezogu | z31g3120 | [-15 0 -31 31⟩ | 57.878 | ||
Greenwoodma | Ruruyo | rry-2 | 405 / 392 | [-3 4 1 -2⟩ | 56.482 | |
21-7-comma | Trisa-septriru | s3r21-8 | 576460752303423488 / 558545864083284007 |
[59 0 0 -21⟩ | 54.656 | |
Harrison's comma | Laru | Lr-2 | 59049 / 57344 | [-13 10 0 -1⟩ | 50.724 | |
39-35-comma | Lela-thetrizoyo | L11z39y395 | [-200 0 39 39⟩ | 50.445 | ||
Keega | Trizogu | z3g33 | 1029 / 1000 | [-3 1 -3 3⟩ | 49.492 | Gene Ward Smith (2005) |
Mint comma, septimal quartertone | Rugu | rg1 | 36 / 35 | [2 2 -1 -1⟩ | 48.77 | Mike Battaglia (2012) |
37-7/5-comma | Thiseruyo | r37y37-23 | [18 0 37 -37⟩ | 47.049 | ||
5-21-comma | Saquinru | sr5-2 | 4194304 / 4084101 | [22 -5 0 -5⟩ | 46.095 | |
Cloudy comma | Laquinzo | Lz53 | 16807 / 16384 | [-14 0 0 5⟩ | 44.13 | |
Avicennma, Avicenna's enharmonic diesis | Lazoyoyo | Lzyy1 | 525 / 512 | [-9 1 2 1⟩ | 43.408 | |
8-35-comma | Lala-quadbizoyo | LLz8y82 | 2251875390625 / 2199023255552 |
[-41 0 8 8⟩ | 41.117 | |
Mabilisma | Latrizo-aquinyo | Lz3y51 | 1071875 / 1048576 | [-20 0 5 3⟩ | 38.046 | |
Slendro diesis | Zozo | zz2 | 49 / 48 | [-4 -1 0 2⟩ | 35.697 | |
Arcturus comma | Larutribiyo | Lry6-2 | 15625 / 15309 | [0 -7 6 -1⟩ | 35.371 | |
Jubilisma, tritonic diesis | Biruyo | rryy-2 | 50 / 49 | [1 0 2 -2⟩ | 34.976 | |
Eric | Sepru | r7-4 | 839808 / 823543 | [7 8 0 -7⟩ | 33.859 | |
German sixth comma | Quadla-thiwezo | L4z3112 | [-87 0 0 31⟩ | 33.603 | ||
Llywelynsma, llywelyn comma | Sasepru-agu | sr7g-3 | 4194304 / 4117715 | [22 0 -1 -7⟩ | 31.905 | +merlan #flirora (2021) |
23-35-comma | Sepsa-twetherugu | s7r23g23-3 | [118 0 -23 -23⟩ | 31.789 |
11-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11-cycle major seventh prote, 35-11-comma | Quinla-sepquinlo | L51o35-8 | [-121 0 0 0 35⟩ | 96.128 | ||
Undecimal minor semitone | Loru | 1or1 | 22 / 21 | [1 -1 0 -1 1⟩ | 80.537 | |
11-cycle chroma, 11-11-comma | Lala-lelo | LL1o11-3 | 285311670611 / 274877906944 |
[-38 0 0 0 11⟩ | 64.497 | |
Undecimal major diesis | Lalu | L1u1 | 729 / 704 | [-6 6 0 0 -1⟩ | 60.412 | |
Undecimal quartertone, al-Farabi's 1/4-tone | Ilo | 1o1 | 33 / 32 | [-5 1 0 0 1⟩ | 53.273 | |
Sterno | Lotriru | 1or3-2 | 352 / 343 | [5 0 0 -3 1⟩ | 44.84 | |
Shikanokonokonokokoshitantanma | 21875 / 21384 | [-3 -5 5 1 -1⟩ | 39.302 | |||
Undecimal 1/5-tone | Luyo | 1uy1 | 45 / 44 | [-2 2 1 0 -1⟩ | 38.906 | |
Hunt flat 5 comma | Salu | s1u2 | 8192 / 8019 | [13 -6 0 0 -1⟩ | 36.952 | |
Igs boson, 13-11-comma | Sasa-thelu | ss1u134 | 35184372088832 / 34522712143931 |
[45 0 0 0 -13⟩ | 32.867 | |
Telepathma | Loyo | 1oy1 | 55 / 54 | [-1 -3 1 0 1⟩ | 31.767 | |
Hunt 11-cycle comma | Trila-quadtribilo | L31o24-6 | [-83 0 0 0 24⟩ | 31.631 | ||
Undecimal diesis, konbini comma | Luzogu | 1uzg2 | 56 / 55 | [3 0 -1 1 -1⟩ | 31.194 |
13-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
large tridecimal 1/3-tone | Thogugu | 3ogg2 | 26 / 25 | [1 0 -2 0 0 1⟩ | 67.9 | |
small tridecimal 1/3-tone | Thu | 3u1 | 27 / 26 | [-1 3 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 65.337 | |
tridecimal quartertone, Hunt minor submediant comma | Latho | L3o1 | 1053 / 1024 | [-10 4 0 0 0 1⟩ | 48.348 | |
tridecimal minor diesis | Thuyo | 3uy1 | 40 / 39 | [3 -1 1 0 0 -1⟩ | 43.831 | |
Astbury | Latribitho | L3o62 | 4826809 / 4718592 | [-19 -2 0 0 0 6⟩ | 39.256 | Peter Kosmorsky (2012) |
17-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small septendeciml semitone, Arabic lute index finger | Su | 17u1 | 18 / 17 | [1 2 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 98.955 | |
12 semitone comma | Lala-quadtriso | LL17o126 | 582622237229761 / 562949953421312 |
[-49 0 0 0 0 0 12⟩ | 59.465 | |
Large septendecimal quartertone | Solu | 17o1u2 | 34 / 33 | [1 -1 0 0 -1 0 1⟩ | 51.682 | |
Small septendecimal quartertone | Suzoyo | 17uzy1 | 35 / 34 | [-1 0 1 1 0 0 -1⟩ | 50.184 | |
11 semitone comma | Sasa-lesu | ss17u11-5 | 35184372088832 / 34271896307633 |
[45 0 0 0 0 0 -11⟩ | 45.49 | |
Large septendecimal 1/6-tone, 17th-partial chroma | Sogugu | 17ogg2 | 51 / 50 | [-1 1 -2 0 0 0 1⟩ | 34.283 | |
Small septendecimal 1/6-tone | Sutho | 17u3o1 | 52 / 51 | [2 -1 0 0 0 1 -1⟩ | 33.617 | |
Hunt 17-cycle comma | Quinsa-sebisu | s517u-34-14 | [139 0 0 0 0 0 -34⟩ | 31.516 |
19-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large undevicesimal semitone | Ino | 19o2 | 19 / 18 | [-1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩ | 93.603 | |
Small undevicesimal semitone | Nuyo | 19uy1 | 20 / 19 | [2 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1⟩ | 88.801 | |
Undevicesimal 2/9-tone | Nutho | 19u3o1 | 39 / 38 | [-1 1 0 0 0 1 0 -1⟩ | 44.97 | |
Hendrix comma | Noru | 19or1 | 57 / 56 | [-3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩ | 30.642 |
23-limit commas
Name(s) | Color Name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large vicesimotertial semitone | Twetholu | 23o1u2 | 23 / 22 | 2.11.23 [-1 -1 1⟩ | 76.956 | |
Small vicesimotertial semitone | Twethu | 23u1 | 24 / 23 | 2.3.23 [3 1 -1⟩ | 73.681 | |
Vicesimotertial 1/5-tone | Twethogu | 23og2 | 46 / 45 | 2.3.5.23 [1 -2 -1 1⟩ | 38.051 | |
Lipsett comma | 2187 / 2116 | 2.3.23 [-2 7 -2⟩ | 57.136 | Budjarn Lambeth (2024) |
Higher-limit commas
Name(s) | Color name | Ratio | Monzo | Cents | Named by | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lutra comma | 268119/262144 | 2.3.31 [-18 2 3⟩ | 39.0167 | Budjarn Lambeth (2024) | ||
Oxidizer comma | 729/712 | 2.3.89 [-3 6 -1⟩ | 40.8499 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) | ||
Canine comma | 1000/979 | 2.5.11.89 [3 3 -1 -1⟩ | 36.7431 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) | ||
Attic comma | 7921/7776 | 2.3.89 [-5 -5 2⟩ | 31.9852 | Budjarn Lambeth (2023) |