User:Contribution/Collection of tunings
Equal-step tunings
About this list
The table that follows is not a “best-of” roster but a modest snapshot of equal-step tunings that happen to score highly under a few specific mathematical lenses. In particular, it gathers:
- Prominent peak counts from the classic Riemann zeta function
- Prominent peaks after removing the prime 2 from the zeta product
- Prominent peaks after removing the prime 3
- Prominent peaks after simultaneously removing the primes 2 and 3
- The α–β–γ family, with an equave sliding from 3/1 down to 4/3
These tunings earn the label “optimized” only relative to the limited set of zeta-derived functions explored here. In practice, you can make convincing music with any equal-step interval, every real-number step size repeated ad infinitum forms its own viable lattice. When you layer many differently pruned zeta functions in a tool such as Wolfram Mathematica, striking peaks emerge almost everywhere; the peaks simply shift as each combination of omitted primes reshapes the landscape. That ubiquity means there is no absolute “good” or “bad” equal-step tuning, only different alignments of primes that reveal different musical affordances.
Consequently, the list below is inherently biased toward a handful of functions and can only hint at the boundless diversity of xenharmonic equal-step systems. Treat it as a useful starting palette, not a definitive canon.
From the no-2 Riemann zeta: 39edt, 56edt, 69edt, 71edt, 75edt, 78edt, 82edt, 88edt, 99edt, 101edt, 105edt, 110edt, 131edt, 140edt, 144edt, 153edt, 170edt, 183edt, 185edt, 202edt, 209edt, 213edt, 215edt, 219edt, 245edt
From the no-2 no-3 Riemann zeta: 39ed5, 71ed5, 92ed5, 96ed5, 106ed5, 115ed5, 133ed5, 138ed5, 143ed5, 153ed5, 163ed5, 182ed5, 187ed5, 196ed5, 200ed5, 229ed5, 234ed5, 263ed5, 292ed5, 336ed5, 345ed5
Notable Local Maxima of the Riemann Zeta Function
| Tuning | Strength | Closest EDO | Integer limit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZPI | Steps per octave | Cents | Height | Integral | Gap | EDO | Octave | Consistent | Distinct |
| 34zpi | 12.0231830072926 | 99.8071807833375 | 5.193290 | 1.269599 | 15.899282 | 12edo | 1197.68616940005 | 10 | 6 |
| 42zpi | 13.9002525327005 | 86.3293668353859 | 4.592177 | 0.984037 | 14.097244 | 14edo | 1208.61113569540 | 7 | 5 |
| 47zpi | 15.0534898676781 | 79.7157343943591 | 5.050324 | 1.104057 | 14.918297 | 15edo | 1195.73601591539 | 8 | 7 |
| 56zpi | 17.0445886606675 | 70.4035764012981 | 5.056957 | 1.032175 | 14.269437 | 17edo | 1196.86079882207 | 4 | 4 |
| 65zpi | 18.9480867166984 | 63.3309324546460 | 5.980169 | 1.313799 | 16.699651 | 19edo | 1203.28771663827 | 10 | 7 |
| 80zpi | 22.0251467420146 | 54.4831784348982 | 6.062600 | 1.258178 | 16.213941 | 22edo | 1198.62992556776 | 12 | 8 |
| 90zpi | 24.0057421830853 | 49.9880399800983 | 5.721613 | 1.092055 | 14.821136 | 24edo | 1199.71295952236 | 6 | 6 |
| 100zpi | 25.9356996537225 | 46.2682717652372 | 5.545073 | 1.031155 | 14.793013 | 26edo | 1202.97506589617 | 14 | 9 |
| 106zpi | 27.0866140827635 | 44.3023257293579 | 6.069233 | 1.185939 | 16.215619 | 27edo | 1196.16279469266 | 10 | 8 |
| 116zpi | 28.9399661541990 | 41.4651487014917 | 5.566209 | 1.000619 | 14.904418 | 29edo | 1202.48931234326 | 8 | 7 |
| 127zpi | 30.9783816349790 | 38.7366910944446 | 7.003472 | 1.403777 | 17.739476 | 31edo | 1200.83742392778 | 12 | 9 |
| 144zpi | 34.0448410043159 | 35.2476312005063 | 6.685147 | 1.241437 | 16.236989 | 34edo | 1198.41946081721 | 6 | 6 |
| 155zpi | 35.9823877000425 | 33.3496490006021 | 6.027497 | 1.028887 | 14.706508 | 36edo | 1200.58736402167 | 8 | 8 |
| 184zpi | 40.9880783925993 | 29.2768055263764 | 7.570230 | 1.423937 | 17.722623 | 41edo | 1200.34902658143 | 16 | 10 |
| 214zpi | 46.0089748051542 | 26.0818678330031 | 7.495674 | 1.356067 | 17.747832 | 46edo | 1199.76592031814 | 14 | 11 |
| 238zpi | 49.9385162652878 | 24.0295485277387 | 6.655352 | 1.111229 | 15.942083 | 50edo | 1201.47742638693 | 10 | 9 |
| 257zpi | 52.9968291550147 | 22.6428640945673 | 8.249774 | 1.486620 | 18.069918 | 53edo | 1200.07179701207 | 10 | 10 |
| 289zpi | 58.0667185533159 | 20.6658827964969 | 7.814035 | 1.358357 | 18.056292 | 58edo | 1198.62120219682 | 16 | 12 |
| 301zpi | 59.9201656607655 | 20.0266469020418 | 7.046396 | 1.131000 | 15.932359 | 60edo | 1201.59881412251 | 10 | 10 |
| 334zpi | 65.0158450885860 | 18.4570391781413 | 7.813349 | 1.269821 | 16.514861 | 65edo | 1199.70754657919 | 6 | 6 |
| 354zpi | 68.0493056282519 | 17.6342725163943 | 7.666604 | 1.254592 | 17.034505 | 68edo | 1199.13053111481 | 10 | 10 |
| 380zpi | 71.9506065993786 | 16.6781081733140 | 9.157547 | 1.625363 | 19.964746 | 72edo | 1200.82378847861 | 18 | 13 |
| 414zpi | 76.9918536925042 | 15.5860645308353 | 8.194847 | 1.311364 | 17.029289 | 77edo | 1200.12696887432 | 10 | 10 |
| 435zpi | 80.0731374302484 | 14.9862992572924 | 7.873146 | 1.247325 | 17.087322 | 80edo | 1198.90394058339 | 12 | 12 |
| 462zpi | 83.9972142607288 | 14.2861880666087 | 8.020965 | 1.241945 | 16.733121 | 84edo | 1200.03979759513 | 10 | 10 |
| 483zpi | 87.0139255957575 | 13.7908960178956 | 8.869041 | 1.439474 | 18.061741 | 87edo | 1199.80795355692 | 16 | 14 |
| 532zpi | 93.9836761074943 | 12.7681747480009 | 8.806201 | 1.394050 | 17.832744 | 94edo | 1200.20842631208 | 24 | 15 |
| 568zpi | 99.0473345956631 | 12.1154194093028 | 9.406495 | 1.510412 | 18.536483 | 99edo | 1199.42652152097 | 12 | 12 |
| 596zpi | 102.936629522070 | 11.6576577800491 | 8.543510 | 1.340775 | 18.270998 | 103edo | 1200.73875134506 | 15 | 15 |
| 655zpi | 111.059577998833 | 10.8050113427643 | 9.038544 | 1.394739 | 18.041165 | 111edo | 1199.35625904684 | 22 | 16 |
| 706zpi | 117.969513574257 | 10.1721195895637 | 9.850823 | 1.544280 | 18.861062 | 118edo | 1200.31011156852 | 12 | 12 |
| 796zpi | 130.003910460506 | 9.23049157328654 | 10.355108 | 1.634018 | 19.594551 | 130edo | 1199.96390452725 | 16 | 16 |
| 872zpi | 139.990541024216 | 8.57200773152536 | 10.076688 | 1.548424 | 19.514765 | 140edo | 1200.08108241355 | 10 | 10 |
| 965zpi | 152.052848107925 | 7.89199291517551 | 10.468420 | 1.593855 | 19.487224 | 152edo | 1199.58292310668 | 15 | 15 |
| 1114zpi | 170.995891689006 | 7.01771246166817 | 11.076998 | 1.652856 | 19.091741 | 171edo | 1200.02883094526 | 14 | 14 |
Notable Local Maxima of the Riemann Zeta Function after removing the prime 2 from the zeta product
Notable Local Maxima of the Riemann Zeta Function after removing the prime 3 from the zeta product
| Tuning | Strength | Closest EDO | No-3 Integer limit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-3 ZPI analog | Steps per octave | Cents | Height | Integral | Gap | EDO | Octave | Consistent | Distinct |
| no-3 51zpi analog | 15.9698898591818 | 75.1414073973756 | 5.367776 | 0.953376 | 13.070433 | 16edo | 1202.26251835801 | 26 | 8 |
| no-3 75zpi analog | 21.0437746046821 | 57.0239903507143 | 5.752828 | 0.956754 | 12.853639 | 21edo | 1197.50379736500 | 17 | 10 |
| no-3 95zpi analog | 24.9596545948521 | 48.0775883912872 | 6.060198 | 0.954994 | 12.605015 | 25edo | 1201.93970978218 | 14 | 11 |
| no-3 111zpi analog | 28.0369867749215 | 42.8006051304121 | 5.701943 | 0.838390 | 11.937782 | 28edo | 1198.41694365154 | 16 | 8 |
| no-3 149zpi analog | 34.9357059709719 | 34.3488121006365 | 6.001080 | 0.875916 | 12.775820 | 35edo | 1202.20842352228 | 14 | 11 |
| no-3 161zpi analog | 37.0117501336435 | 32.4221360964286 | 7.215934 | 1.160421 | 15.095854 | 37edo | 1199.61903556786 | 22 | 16 |
| no-3 196zpi analog | 43.0546167485686 | 27.8715754690789 | 6.495142 | 1.018487 | 15.545919 | 43edo | 1198.47774517039 | 22 | 19 |
| no-3 220zpi analog | 47.0058691719873 | 25.5287269683150 | 6.758393 | 0.939366 | 13.012654 | 47edo | 1199.85016751081 | 10 | 10 |
| no-3 251zpi analog | 52.0433965143593 | 23.0576803277801 | 6.442846 | 0.856289 | 12.619985 | 52edo | 1198.99937704456 | 11 | 11 |
| no-3 276zpi analog | 55.9872265526305 | 21.4334603424577 | 6.932381 | 1.003267 | 14.804703 | 56edo | 1200.27377917763 | 20 | 19 |
| no-3 340zpi analog | 65.9172827630736 | 18.2046338941664 | 7.029648 | 0.948492 | 13.998526 | 66edo | 1201.50583701498 | 16 | 16 |
| no-3 394zpi analog | 74.0597618189548 | 16.2031306950932 | 7.464214 | 1.007842 | 14.386154 | 74edo | 1199.03167143690 | 16 | 16 |
| no-3 421zpi analog | 78.0110209886063 | 15.3824419267024 | 7.592394 | 1.008960 | 14.204322 | 78edo | 1199.83047028279 | 17 | 16 |
| no-3 525zpi analog | 93.0076810773635 | 12.9021601882735 | 8.466134 | 1.133255 | 15.018535 | 93edo | 1199.90089750944 | 35 | 19 |
| no-3 640zpi analog | 108.976082315502 | 11.0115905665045 | 8.633826 | 1.182085 | 16.319873 | 109edo | 1200.26337174899 | 16 | 16 |
| no-3 751zpi analog | 124.014367753602 | 9.67629817203298 | 9.498846 | 1.276085 | 16.564895 | 124edo | 1199.86097333209 | 28 | 26 |
Notable Local Maxima of the Riemann Zeta Function after removing the primes 2 and 3 from the zeta product
| Tuning | Strength | Closest ED5 | No-2 No-3 Integer limit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-2 No-3 ZPI analog | Steps per octave | Cents | Height | Integral | Gap | ED5 | Pentave | Consistent | Distinct |
| no-2 no-3 55zpi analog | 16.7630030425585 | 71.5862185882446 | 3.480299 | 0.477759 | 9.649416 | 39ed5 | 2791.86252494154 | 13 | 13 |
| no-2 no-3 125zpi analog | 30.5974484926723 | 39.2189564527704 | 3.769318 | 0.448541 | 9.828199 | 71ed5 | 2784.54590814670 | 19 | 19 |
| no-2 no-3 176zpi analog | 39.5828667040955 | 30.3161468564337 | 3.603524 | 0.421674 | 10.452207 | 92ed5 | 2789.08551079190 | 11 | 11 |
| no-2 no-3 186zpi analog | 41.3477989230936 | 29.0221010852836 | 4.469823 | 0.556068 | 11.567493 | 96ed5 | 2786.12170418722 | 35 | 23 |
| no-2 no-3 212zpi analog | 45.6783815054539 | 26.2706330752267 | 3.818225 | 0.433470 | 10.611042 | 106ed5 | 2784.68710597403 | 13 | 13 |
| no-2 no-3 235zpi analog | 49.4631517377883 | 24.2604839732289 | 3.853032 | 0.428042 | 10.508697 | 115ed5 | 2789.95565692132 | 25 | 25 |
| no-2 no-3 284zpi analog | 57.2705618247184 | 20.9531731794898 | 3.913350 | 0.465932 | 11.922515 | 133ed5 | 2786.77203287214 | 17 | 17 |
| no-2 no-3 298zpi analog | 59.4923782274424 | 20.1706510271339 | 4.083075 | 0.465782 | 11.463643 | 138ed5 | 2783.54984174448 | 23 | 23 |
| no-2 no-3 312zpi analog | 61.6047959566046 | 19.4790029147292 | 4.416896 | 0.501431 | 11.339301 | 143ed5 | 2785.49741680628 | 25 | 23 |
| no-2 no-3 340zpi analog | 65.8904943328257 | 18.2120351676004 | 4.092923 | 0.526694 | 13.998526 | 153ed5 | 2786.44138064287 | 13 | 13 |
| no-2 no-3 368zpi analog | 70.2158409653819 | 17.0901606176251 | 4.382540 | 0.518334 | 12.481351 | 163ed5 | 2785.69618067290 | 19 | 19 |
| no-2 no-3 423zpi analog | 78.3601842342727 | 15.3138996765548 | 4.270381 | 0.502072 | 12.963711 | 182ed5 | 2787.12974113297 | 19 | 19 |
| no-2 no-3 438zpi analog | 80.4944089071946 | 14.9078677176639 | 4.243838 | 0.450422 | 11.371118 | 187ed5 | 2787.77126320314 | 7 | 7 |
| no-2 no-3 465zpi analog | 84.4075187897342 | 14.2167429774745 | 4.301350 | 0.486089 | 12.332303 | 196ed5 | 2786.48162358500 | 17 | 17 |
| no-2 no-3 477zpi analog | 86.1814871554687 | 13.9241041157161 | 4.459348 | 0.505570 | 12.446285 | 200ed5 | 2784.82082314323 | 25 | 25 |
| no-2 no-3 565zpi analog | 98.6257548378926 | 12.1672072570942 | 4.883729 | 0.545550 | 12.639964 | 229ed5 | 2786.29046187457 | 29 | 29 |
| no-2 no-3 581zpi analog | 100.797128599965 | 11.9051010347969 | 4.579796 | 0.536282 | 13.693791 | 234ed5 | 2785.79364214247 | 25 | 25 |
| no-2 no-3 671zpi analog | 113.256639862217 | 10.5954052800778 | 5.104294 | 0.563708 | 12.937931 | 263ed5 | 2786.59158866045 | 19 | 19 |
| no-2 no-3 764zpi analog | 125.745930952370 | 9.54305233506547 | 5.001815 | 0.548008 | 12.976730 | 292ed5 | 2786.57128183912 | 37 | 37 |
| no-2 no-3 905zpi analog | 144.300058486204 | 8.31600494545005 | 5.030210 | 0.539592 | 13.254432 | 335ed5 | 2785.86165672577 | 43 | 41 |
| no-2 no-3 938zpi analog | 148.561761173834 | 8.07744866861039 | 5.510552 | 0.600083 | 13.846076 | 345ed5 | 2786.71979067058 | 25 | 25 |
The α–β–γ family
| Optimization | Equal division of a ratio | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposed name | Steps per octave | Cents | Optimization method | |
| Alpha 3/1 | 1.90739592696007 | 629.130000247254 | Dave Benson | 3ed3/1 |
| Beta 3/1 | 3.14186231690763 | 381.939079106782 | Dave Benson | 5ed3/1 |
| Alpha 2/1 | 5.00991270509077 | 239.525131601721 | Dave Benson | 5ed2/1 |
| Gamma 3/1 | 5.04255621376059 | 237.974540913462 | Dave Benson | 8ed3/1 |
| Beta 2/1 | 6.99104980248710 | 171.648040552235 | Dave Benson | 7ed2/1 |
| Alpha 5/3 | 9.50583353877785 | 126.238272015258 | Dave Benson | 7ed5/3 |
| Gamma 2/1 | 11.9978480914311 | 100.017935787756 | Dave Benson | 12ed2/1 |
| Beta 5/3 | 12.2053823008782 | 98.3172808862904 | Dave Benson | 9ed5/3 |
| Alpha 3/2 | 15.3915238996928 | 77.9649895501219 | Dave Benson | 9ed3/2 |
| Beta 3/2 | 18.7990736394111 | 63.8329325698408 | Dave Benson | 11ed3/2 |
| Gamma 5/3 | 21.7094399215509 | 55.2754932571412 | Dave Benson | 16ed5/3 |
| Alpha 7/5 | 22.6653911133366 | 52.9441558718088 | Dave Benson | 11ed7/5 |
| Beta 7/5 | 26.7758951088566 | 44.8164289231577 | Dave Benson | 13ed7/5 |
| Alpha 4/3 | 31.3266790320926 | 38.3060074376432 | Dave Benson | 13ed4/3 |
| Gamma 3/2 | 34.1894540921914 | 35.0985422804417 | Dave Benson | 20ed3/2 |
| Beta 4/3 | 36.1372975038827 | 33.2066890135065 | Dave Benson | 15ed4/3 |
| Gamma 7/5 | 49.4404896216012 | 24.2716042900130 | Dave Benson | 24ed7/5 |
| Gamma 4/3 | 67.4633901646646 | 17.7874251067289 | Dave Benson | 28ed4/3 |
Unequal-step tunings
Unequal-step tunings from equal divisions of a ratio
| Tuning | Period | Mode | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stretched hemififth | 94\93<2/1> | 16 11 16 12 16 11 12 | |
| 833 Cent Acoustic Golden Scale [11] | 25\36<2/1> | 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 | |
| 833 Cent Logarithmic Golden Scale [8] | ϕ | ϕ 1 ϕ ϕ 1 ϕ 1 ϕ |