22edo: Difference between revisions
YoVariable (talk | contribs) →Ups and Downs Notation: Fixed typo with Augmented fourth (A4) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
YoVariable (talk | contribs) Moved 22edo "Notation" category to below the "Intervals" category |
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Treating [[Ups and Downs Notation|ups and downs]] as "fused" with sharps and flats, and never appearing separately: | |||
= | [[File:Tibia_22edo_ups_and_downs_guide_1.png|alt=Tibia 22edo ups and downs guide 1.png|800x147px|Tibia 22edo ups and downs guide 1.png]] | ||
Treating ups and downs as independent of sharps and flats, and sometimes appearing separately: | |||
[[File:Tibia_22edo_ups_and_downs_guide_2.png|alt=Tibia 22edo ups and downs guide 2.png|800x150px|Tibia 22edo ups and downs guide 2.png]] | |||
A D downmajor scale with mandatory accidentals (no key signature), with minimal accidentals (only when needed to override the key signature), and with independent ups and downs. | |||
[[File:Tibia_22edo_guide_D_major.png|alt=Tibia 22edo guide D major.png|800x68px|Tibia 22edo guide D major.png]] | |||
Alternatively, arrow accidentals from [[Helmholtz–Ellis notation]] can be used instead of independent ups and downs: | |||
{{Sharpness-sharp3}} | |||
Shown below is [[Paul Erlich]]'s "Tibia" in G, with independent ups and downs. | |||
<gallery mode="slideshow"> | |||
File:Tibia in G CORRECTED-1.png|alt=Tibia in G CORRECTED-1.png|Tibia in G (page 1) | |||
File:Tibia in G CORRECTED-2.png|alt=Tibia in G CORRECTED-2.png|Tibia in G (page 2) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Superpyth/Porcupine Notation=== | ===Superpyth/Porcupine Notation=== | ||
Superpyth/Porcupine Notation is a system arising from both superpyth and porcupine temperament. It categorizes each 22edo interval as major and minor of one or both of those temperaments. s indicates superpyth and p indicates porcupine. Because p now represents porcupine and not perfect, P in perfect intervals is no longer used in this system. Instead the number is used without P and is read as either just the number or "Natural". Example: P5 becomes 5 or N5 = Perfect fifth becomes Natural fifth. | Superpyth/Porcupine Notation is a system arising from both superpyth and porcupine temperament. It categorizes each 22edo interval as major and minor of one or both of those temperaments. s indicates superpyth and p indicates porcupine. Because p now represents porcupine and not perfect, P in perfect intervals is no longer used in this system. Instead the number is used without P and is read as either just the number or "Natural". Example: P5 becomes 5 or N5 = Perfect fifth becomes Natural fifth. | ||
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[[File:22edo Sagittal.png|800px]] | [[File:22edo Sagittal.png|800px]] | ||
===Comparison of 22edo notation systems=== | ===Comparison of 22edo notation systems=== | ||
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|D | |D | ||
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== Approximation to JI == | |||
[[File:22ed2.svg|250px|thumb|right|alt=alt : Your browser has no SVG support.|Selected 17-limit intervals approximated in 22edo]] | |||
===Interval mappings=== | |||
{{Q-odd-limit intervals|22}} | |||
==Defining features == | |||
===Septimal vs syntonic comma=== | |||
Possibly the most striking characteristic of 22edo to those not used to it is that it does '''not''' temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80, and therefore is not a system of [[meantone]] temperament. This means that 22 distinguishes a number of Pythagorean and 5-limit intervals that 12edo, 19edo, and 31edo do not distinguish, such as the two whole tones 9/8 and 10/9. Indeed, these distinctions are exaggerated in comparison to 5-limit JI and many more accurate temperaments such as [[34edo]], [[41edo]] and [[53edo]]. | |||
The diatonic scale it produces is instead derived from [[superpyth]] temperament, which despite having the same melodic structure as meantone's diatonic scale (LLsLLLs or, [[5L 2s]]), has thirds approximating 9/7 and 7/6, rather than 5/4 and 6/5. This means that the septimal comma of 64/63 vanishes, rather than the syntonic comma of 81/80, which is one of the core features of 22et. Superpyth is melodically interesting for having a quasi-equal pentatonic scale (as the large whole tone and subminor third are rather close in size) and a more uneven heptatonic scale, as compared with 12et and other meantone systems: step patterns 4 4 5 4 5 and 4 4 1 4 4 4 1, respectively. | |||
=== Porcupine comma === | |||
It additionally tempers out the porcupine comma or maximal diesis of 250/243, which means that 22edo [[support]]s [[porcupine]] temperament. The generator for porcupine is a flat minor whole tone of [[10/9]], two of which is a slightly sharp [[6/5]], and three of which is a slightly flat [[4/3]], implying the existence of an equal-step tetrachord, which is characteristic of porcupine. Porcupine is notable for being the 5-limit temperament lowest in [[badness]] which is ''not'' approximated by the familiar 12-tone equal temperament, and as such represents one excellent point of departure for examining the harmonic properties of 22edo. It forms [[mos scale]]s of 7 and 8, which in 22edo are tuned respectively as 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 and 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 (and their respective modes). | |||
===5-limit commas=== | |||
Other 5-limit commas 22edo tempers out include the diaschisma, [[2048/2025]] and the magic comma or small diesis, [[3125/3072]]. In a diaschismic system, such as 12et or 22et, the diatonic tritone [[45/32]], which is a major third above a major whole tone representing [[9/8]], is equated to its inverted form, [[64/45]]. That the magic comma is tempered out means that 22et is a magic system, where five major thirds make up a perfect fifth. | |||
===7-limit commas === | |||
In the 7-limit 22edo tempers out certain commas also tempered out by 12et; this relates 12et to 22 in a way different from the way in which meantone systems are akin to it. Both [[50/49]], (jubilee comma), and 64/63, (septimal comma), are tempered out in both systems. Hence because of 50/49 they both equate the two septimal tritones of 7/5 and 10/7, and because of 64/63 they both do not distinguish between a dominant seventh chord and an otonal tetrad. Hence both also temper out (50/49)/(64/63) = 225/224, the [[septimal kleisma]], so that the septimal kleisma augmented triad is a chord of 22et, as it also is of any meantone tuning. A septimal comma not tempered out by 12et which 22et does temper out is 1728/1715, the [[1728/1715|orwell comma]]; and the [[orwell tetrad]] is also a chord of 22et. | |||
=== 11-limit commas=== | |||
In the 11-limit, 22edo tempers out the [[quartisma]], leading to a stack of five 33/32 quartertones being equated with one 7/6 subminor third. This is a trait which, while shared with [[24edo]], is surprisingly ''not'' shared with a number of other relatively small edos such as [[17edo]], [[26edo]] and [[34edo]]. In fact, not even the famous [[53edo]] has this property – although it should be noted that the related [[159edo]] ''does''. | |||
===Other features=== | |||
The 164¢ "flat minor whole tone" is a key interval in 22edo, in part because it functions as no less than three different consonant ratios in the [[11-limit]]: 10/9, 11/10, and 12/11. It is thus extremely ambiguous and flexible. The trade-off is that it is very much in the cracks of the 12-equal piano, and so for most 12-equal listeners, it takes some getting used to. Simple translations of 5-limit music into 22edo can sound very different, with a more complex harmonic quality inevitably arising. 22edo does not contain a neutral third but both the 5-limit thirds have a "neutral-like" quality since they are tempered closer together rather than farther apart as in 12edo. | |||
22edo also supports the [[orwell]] temperament, which uses the septimal subminor third as a generator (5 degrees) and forms mos scales with step patterns 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 and 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2. Harmonically, orwell can be tuned more accurately in other temperaments, such as [[31edo]], [[53edo]] and [[84edo]]. But 22edo orwell has a leg-up on the others melodically, as the large and small steps of orwell[9] are easier to distinguish in 22. | |||
22edo is melodically similar to [[24edo]] as both contain quarter-tones and minor, neutral, and major seconds; but 22edo offers much better all-around harmonies than 24. In [[Sagittal notation]], 11 can be notated as every other note of 22. | |||
==Regular temperament properties== | |||
{| class="wikitable center-4 center-5 center-6" | |||
! rowspan="2" |[[Subgroup]] | |||
! rowspan="2" |[[Comma list|Comma List]] | |||
! rowspan="2" |[[Mapping]] | |||
! rowspan="2" |Optimal<br>8ve Stretch (¢) | |||
! colspan="2" |Tuning Error | |||
|- | |||
![[TE error|Absolute]] (¢) | |||
![[TE simple badness|Relative]] (%) | |||
|- | |||
|2.3 | |||
|{{monzo| 35 -22 }} | |||
|[{{val| 22 35 }}] | |||
|−2.25 | |||
|2.25 | |||
|4.12 | |||
|- | |||
|2.3.5 | |||
|250/243, 2048/2025 | |||
|[{{val| 22 35 51 }}] | |||
| −0.86 | |||
|2.70 | |||
|4.94 | |||
|- | |||
|2.3.5.7 | |||
| 50/49, 64/63, 245/243 | |||
|[{{val| 22 35 51 62 }}] | |||
|−1.80 | |||
|2.85 | |||
|5.23 | |||
|- | |||
|2.3.5.7.11 | |||
|50/49, 55/54, 64/63, 99/98 | |||
| [{{val| 22 35 51 62 76 }}] | |||
|−1.11 | |||
|2.90 | |||
|5.33 | |||
|- | |||
|2.3.5.7.11.17 | |||
|50/49, 55/54, 64/63, 85/84, 99/98 | |||
|[{{val| 22 35 51 62 76 90 }}] | |||
|−1.09 | |||
| 2.65 | |||
|4.87 | |||
|} | |||
22et is lower in relative error than any previous equal temperaments in the 11-limit. The next equal temperament that does better in this subgroup is [[31edo|31]]. 22et is even more prominent in the 2.3.5.7.11.17 subgroup, and the next equal temperament that does better in this subgroup is [[46edo|46]]. | |||
===Uniform maps === | |||
{{Uniform map|13|21.5|22.5}} | |||
===Commas=== | |||
22et [[tempers out]] the following [[commas]]. (Note: This assumes the [[val]] {{val| 22 35 51 62 76 81 }}.) | |||
{| class="commatable wikitable center-all left-3 right-4 left-6" | |||
|- | |||
![[Harmonic limit|Prime <br>limit]] | |||
![[Ratio]]<ref>Ratios longer than 10 digits are presented by placeholders with informative hints</ref> | |||
![[Monzo]] | |||
![[Cents]] | |||
![[Color name]] | |||
!Name | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|<abbr title="34359738368/31381059609">(22 digits)</abbr> | |||
|{{monzo| 35 -22 }} | |||
|156.98 | |||
|Trisawa | |||
|22-comma | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|[[250/243]] | |||
|{{monzo| 1 -5 3 }} | |||
|49.17 | |||
|Triyo | |||
|Porcupine comma, maximal diesis | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|[[3125/3072]] | |||
|{{monzo| -10 -1 5 }} | |||
|29.61 | |||
| Laquinyo | |||
|Magic comma | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|[[2048/2025]] | |||
|{{monzo| 11 -4 -2 }} | |||
|19.55 | |||
| Sagugu | |||
|Diaschisma | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|[[2109375/2097152|(14 digits)]] | |||
|{{monzo| -21 3 7 }} | |||
|10.06 | |||
|Lasepyo | |||
|[[Semicomma]] | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|<abbr title="4294967296/4271484375">(20 digits)</abbr> | |||
|{{monzo| 32 -7 -9 }} | |||
|9.49 | |||
|Sasa-tritrigu | |||
|[[Escapade comma]] | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|<abbr title="9010162353515625/9007199254740992">(32 digits)</abbr> | |||
|{{monzo| -53 10 16 }} | |||
|0.57 | |||
|Quadla-quadquadyo | |||
|[[Kwazy comma]] | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[50/49]] | |||
|{{monzo| 1 0 2 -2 }} | |||
|34.98 | |||
|Biruyo | |||
|Jubilisma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[64/63]] | |||
|{{monzo| 6 -2 0 -1 }} | |||
|27.26 | |||
| Ru | |||
|Septimal comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[875/864]] | |||
|{{monzo| -5 -3 3 1 }} | |||
| 21.90 | |||
|Zotriyo | |||
|Keema | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[2430/2401]] | |||
|{{monzo| 1 5 1 -4 }} | |||
|20.79 | |||
|Quadru-ayo | |||
|Nuwell comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[245/243]] | |||
|{{monzo| 0 -5 1 2 }} | |||
|14.19 | |||
|Zozoyo | |||
|Sensamagic comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[1728/1715]] | |||
|{{monzo| 6 3 -1 -3 }} | |||
|13.07 | |||
|Triru-agu | |||
|Orwellisma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[225/224]] | |||
|{{monzo| -5 2 2 -1 }} | |||
| 7.71 | |||
|Ruyoyo | |||
|Marvel comma | |||
|- | |||
| 7 | |||
|[[10976/10935]] | |||
|{{monzo| 5 -7 -1 3 }} | |||
|6.48 | |||
|Trizo-agu | |||
| Hemimage comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[6144/6125]] | |||
|{{monzo| 11 1 -3 -2 }} | |||
|5.36 | |||
|Saruru-atrigu | |||
|Porwell comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[65625/65536]] | |||
|{{monzo| -16 1 5 1 }} | |||
|2.35 | |||
|Lazoquinyo | |||
|Horwell comma | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|<abbr title="420175/419904">(12 digits)</abbr> | |||
|{{monzo| -6 -8 2 5 }} | |||
|1.12 | |||
|Quinzo-ayoyo | |||
|[[Wizma]] | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[99/98]] | |||
|{{monzo| -1 2 0 -2 1 }} | |||
|17.58 | |||
| Loruru | |||
|Mothwellsma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[100/99]] | |||
|{{monzo| 2 -2 2 0 -1 }} | |||
|17.40 | |||
|Luyoyo | |||
|Ptolemisma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[121/120]] | |||
|{{monzo| -3 -1 -1 0 2 }} | |||
|14.37 | |||
|Lologu | |||
|Biyatisma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[176/175]] | |||
|{{monzo| 4 0 -2 -1 1 }} | |||
|9.86 | |||
|Lorugugu | |||
|Valinorsma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[896/891]] | |||
|{{monzo| 7 -4 0 1 -1 }} | |||
|9.69 | |||
|Saluzo | |||
|Pentacircle comma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[65536/65219]] | |||
|{{monzo| 16 0 0 -2 -3 }} | |||
|8.39 | |||
|Satrilu-aruru | |||
|Orgonisma | |||
|- | |||
| 11 | |||
|[[385/384]] | |||
|{{monzo| -7 -1 1 1 1 }} | |||
|4.50 | |||
|Lozoyo | |||
|Keenanisma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[540/539]] | |||
|{{monzo| 2 3 1 -2 -1 }} | |||
|3.21 | |||
|Lururuyo | |||
|Swetisma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[4000/3993]] | |||
|{{monzo| 5 -1 3 0 -3 }} | |||
|3.03 | |||
|Triluyo | |||
|Wizardharry comma | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[9801/9800]] | |||
|{{monzo| -3 4 -2 -2 2 }} | |||
|0.18 | |||
|Bilorugu | |||
| Kalisma | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|[[65/64]] | |||
|{{monzo| -6 0 1 0 0 1 }} | |||
|26.84 | |||
|Thoyo | |||
|Wilsorma | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|[[78/77]] | |||
|{{monzo| 1 1 0 -1 -1 1 }} | |||
|22.34 | |||
|Tholuru | |||
|Negustma | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|[[91/90]] | |||
|{{monzo| -1 -2 -1 1 0 1 }} | |||
| 19.13 | |||
| Thozogu | |||
| Superleap comma, biome comma | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|[[31213/31104]] | |||
|{{monzo| -7 -5 0 4 0 1 }} | |||
|6.06 | |||
|Thoquadzo | |||
|Praveensma | |||
|- | |||
|31 | |||
|[[125/124]] | |||
|{{monzo| -2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 }} | |||
| 13.91 | |||
| Thiwutriyo | |||
|Twizzler comma | |||
|} | |||
<references /> | |||
===Rank-2 temperaments=== | |||
*[[List of 22et rank two temperaments by badness]] | |||
*[[List of 22et rank two temperaments by complexity]] | |||
*[[List of edo-distinct 22et rank two temperaments]] | |||
{| class="wikitable center-1 center-2" | |||
|- | |||
!Periods <br> per octave | |||
!Generator | |||
!Temperaments | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|1\22 | |||
|[[Sensamagic clan #Sensa|Sensa]]<br>[[Chromo]]<br>[[Ceratitid]] | |||
|- | |||
| 1 | |||
| 3\22 | |||
|[[Porcupine]] | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
| 5\22 | |||
|[[Orwell]] (22) / blair (22) / winston (22f) | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|7\22 | |||
|[[Magic]] / telepathy | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
| 9\22 | |||
|[[Superpyth]] / [[suprapyth]] | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|1\22 | |||
|[[Shrutar]] / hemipaj<br>[[Comic]] | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
| 2\22 | |||
|[[Srutal]] / [[pajara]] / pajarous | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|3\22 | |||
|[[Hedgehog]] / [[echidna]] | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|4\22 | |||
|[[Astrology]]<br>[[Antikythera]]<br>[[Wizard]] | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|5\22 | |||
|[[Doublewide]] / fleetwood | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|1\22 | |||
|[[Undeka]]<br>[[Hendecatonic]] | |||
|} | |||
==Scales== | |||
''See [[22edo modes]]''. | |||
==Tetrachords == | |||
''See [[22edo tetrachords]].'' | |||
==Chord names== | ==Chord names== | ||