Indian music
Indian music is one of the major microtonal traditions of the world (along with the Middle Eastern family of traditions). It has two main subcategories: South Indian music known as Carnatic and North Indian music known as Hindustani.
The unit of measurement in the Indian system is the shruti (sometimes spelled śruti, sruti or shruthi), which corresponds roughly to a quarter-tone. There are 22 shrutis per octave, 13 per fifth and 9 per fourth. A size of 4 shruti for the major whole tone follows from that. The step sizes of the heptatonic scales (shadja grama, madhyama grama) are given as sequences of 4, 3, and 2 shruti.
There is no single standardized non-ambiguous definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals.
An explanation about the shruti system and one traditional derivation of the 22 shrutis is available here.
Another example of a compilation of the shrutis, with explicit values of the intervals, can be found in A shruti list.
The system has been approximated by 22edo, though the traditional tuning system is unequal, and split-shruti systems may approximated by the 22&34d (or 12&22 or even 10&12 generalized Diaschismic if simplicity or accuracy is no object) temperament.
The Wikipedia entry on shrutis gives a quite accurate approximation of the shruti system as a 22-note subset of 53edo. (See also a discussion on the Yahoo tuning list)
Some derivations in the light of modern temperament theory: Magic22 as srutis
Other links
- Article on indian tuning in Joe Monzo's tuning encyclopedia
- Patrick Moutal's Indian Music Page
- Hindustani Music Resources - downloads and links, compiled by Matt Rahaim
- http://www.musicresearch.in (redirected to MusicResearchLibrary) - an indian music research portal
- www.chandrakantha.com - Indian classical music- portal on indian music, with detailed descriptions of a number of north indian rags
- http://22shruti.com 22shruti.com