11edo: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{ED intro}} | ||
== Theory == | == Theory == | ||
Compared to 12edo, the intervals of 11edo are stretched: | Compared to 12edo, the intervals of 11edo are stretched: | ||
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* The "major third" at 436.36 cents, is quite sharp, and closer to the [[supermajor]] third of frequency ratio [[9/7]] than the simpler third of 5/4. | * The "major third" at 436.36 cents, is quite sharp, and closer to the [[supermajor]] third of frequency ratio [[9/7]] than the simpler third of 5/4. | ||
* The "perfect fourth" at 545.45 cents, does not sound like a perfect fourth at all, and passes more easily as the [[11/8]] superfourth than the simpler perfect fourth of 4/3. | * The "perfect fourth" at 545.45 cents, does not sound like a perfect fourth at all, and passes more easily as the [[11/8]] superfourth than the simpler perfect fourth of 4/3. | ||
{{Harmonics in equal|11}} | |||
11edo does not approximate many small prime harmonics well, only providing good approximations to 7/4 and 11/8. However, 11edo can be treated as a subset of 22edo, and take 22edo's [[6/5]], [[9/7]], and [[16/15]] via direct approximation. | |||
11edo provides the same tuning on the [[k*N subgroups|2*11 subgroup]] 2.9.15.7.11.17 as does 22edo, and on this subgroup it [[tempering out|tempers out]] the same [[comma]]s as 22. Also on this subgroup there is an approximation of the 8:9:11:14:15:16:17 [[chord]] and its subchords. Though the error is rather large, this does provide 11 with a variety of chords approximating [[JI]] chords. | 11edo provides the same tuning on the [[k*N subgroups|2*11 subgroup]] 2.9.15.7.11.17 as does 22edo, and on this subgroup it [[tempering out|tempers out]] the same [[comma]]s as 22. Also on this subgroup there is an approximation of the 8:9:11:14:15:16:17 [[chord]] and its subchords. Though the error is rather large, this does provide 11 with a variety of chords approximating [[JI]] chords. | ||
11edo is the | 11edo has a good approximation of [[9/7]], hence one natural approach to harmony in 11edo is to generate chords from stacks of this interval. Incidentally, correcting the tuning of 9/7 to just tuning and stacking this interval has the beneficial side effect of also improving the tuning of the 17th harmonic to almost exactly just intonation, with an error of only [[5832/5831|0.3 cents]]. It may therefore be worth considering this JI tuning as an alternative to 11edo. | ||
Being less than twelve, 11edo maps easily to the standard keyboard. The suggested mapping disregards the Ab/G# key, leaving [[Orgone]][7] on the whites. The superfluous Ab can be made a note of [[22edo]], a tuning known as "[[elevenplus]]". | |||
[[File:0-8-16-20 chord.wav|thumb|A 0–8–16–20 chord in 11edo illustrating harmony generated from stacking 9/7 intervals.]] | [[File:0-8-16-20 chord.wav|thumb|A 0–8–16–20 chord in 11edo illustrating harmony generated from stacking 9/7 intervals.]] | ||
== Notation == | == Intervals and Notation == | ||
=== Ups and downs notation === | === Ups and downs notation === | ||
11edo can be notated using ups and downs. Conventional notation, including the staff, note names, relative notation, etc. can be used in two ways. The first preserves the ''melodic'' meaning of sharp/flat, major/minor and aug/dim, in that sharp is higher pitched than flat, and major/aug is wider than minor/dim. The disadvantage to this approach is that conventional interval arithmetic no longer works. e.g. M2 + M2 isn't M3, and D + M2 isn't E. Chord names are different because C - E - G isn't P1 - M3 - P5. | 11edo can be notated using ups and downs. Conventional notation, including the staff, note names, relative notation, etc. can be used in two ways. The first preserves the ''melodic'' meaning of sharp/flat, major/minor and aug/dim, in that sharp is higher pitched than flat, and major/aug is wider than minor/dim. The disadvantage to this approach is that conventional interval arithmetic no longer works. e.g. M2 + M2 isn't M3, and D + M2 isn't E. Chord names are different because C - E - G isn't P1 - M3 - P5. | ||
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! Solfege | ! Solfege | ||
! Approximate Ratios* | ! Approximate Ratios* | ||
! colspan="2" | [[Ups and | ! colspan="2" | [[Ups and downs notation|Up/down notation]] <br> with major wider <br> than minor | ||
! colspan="2" | Up/down notation <br> with major narrower <br> than minor | ! colspan="2" | Up/down notation <br> with major narrower <br> than minor | ||
! [[Smitonic]]<br>(3rd-gen)<br>notation | ! [[Smitonic]]<br>(3rd-gen)<br>notation | ||
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|[[File:0-1200 octave.mp3|frameless]] | |[[File:0-1200 octave.mp3|frameless]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
*in 2.7.9.11.15.17 subgroup | <nowiki>* in 2.7.9.11.15.17 subgroup</nowiki> | ||
The ups and downs notations above are heptatonic systems generated by 5ths (~3/2). Alternative notations include pentatonic 5th-generated, octatonic 5th-generated, nonatonic 5th-generated, heptatonic 3rd-generated, and hexatonic 2nd-generated. | The ups and downs notations above are heptatonic systems generated by 5ths (~3/2). Alternative notations include pentatonic 5th-generated, octatonic 5th-generated, nonatonic 5th-generated, heptatonic 3rd-generated, and hexatonic 2nd-generated. | ||
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== Regular temperament properties == | == Regular temperament properties == | ||
=== Uniform maps === | === Uniform maps === | ||
{{Uniform map| | {{Uniform map|edo=11}} | ||
=== Commas === | === Commas === | ||
11et tempers out the following [[comma]]s. This assumes val {{val| 11 17 26 31 38 41 }}. | 11et [[tempering out|tempers out]] the following [[comma]]s. This assumes val {{val| 11 17 26 31 38 41 }}. | ||
{| class="commatable wikitable center-1 center-2 right-4 center-5" | {| class="commatable wikitable center-1 center-2 right-4 center-5" | ||
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| Layobi | | Layobi | ||
| Major chroma | | Major chroma | ||
|- | |||
| 5 | |||
| [[144/125]] | |||
| {{Monzo| 4 2 -3 }} | |||
| 244.97 | |||
| Trigu | |||
| University comma | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 | | 5 | ||
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| 31.57 | | 31.57 | ||
| Lala-tribiyo | | Lala-tribiyo | ||
| [[Ampersand]] | | [[Ampersand comma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 | | 5 | ||
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[[File:11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png|alt=11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png|11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png]] | [[File:11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png|alt=11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png|11edo_approx_2-7-9-11-15-17_2ndsave.png]] | ||
== Octave stretch or compression == | |||
11edo has about equally bad sharp and flat mappings of [[prime]]s 3 and 5. The 7 and 13 are quite sharp, but the 11 is a little flat. To use it as a 2.7.11.13 tuning, slight [[octave shrinking]] is advisable. Examples of slightly compressed versions of 11edo include (least to most compressed) [[ed6|28ed6]], [[ed12|39ed12]], [[zpi|30zpi]], [[equal tuning|35ed9]] and [[ed7|31ed7]]. | |||
To use its primes 3 or 5, extreme octave shrinking can be used, at the cost of making the octaves sound significantly weaker. [[equal tuning|37ed10]] is a very compressed version of 11edo. | |||
== Scales == | == Scales == | ||
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{{Main|List of 11edo MOS scales}} | {{Main|List of 11edo MOS scales}} | ||
Although 11edo has one fewer interval in the octave than 12edo, in terms of [[MOS scale|moment-of-symmetry scales]], it offers a great deal more variety. This is because 11 is a prime number, while 12 is composite. Cycles of 2\11 (two degrees of 11edo), 3\11, 4\11 and 5\11 produce scales which do not repeat at the octave until all 11 intervals have been included. | Although 11edo has one fewer interval in the octave than 12edo, in terms of [[MOS scale|moment-of-symmetry scales]], it offers a great deal more variety. This is because 11 is a prime number, while 12 is composite. Cycles of 2\11 (two degrees of 11edo), 3\11, 4\11 and 5\11 produce scales which do not repeat at the octave until all 11 intervals have been included. | ||
== Instruments == | == Instruments == | ||
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[[File:11-edo-ukulele.JPG|alt=11-edo-ukulele.JPG|404x304px|11-edo-ukulele.JPG]] | [[File:11-edo-ukulele.JPG|alt=11-edo-ukulele.JPG|404x304px|11-edo-ukulele.JPG]] | ||
'''Ensembles''' | '''Ensembles''' | ||
In February 2011, [http://oddmusicuc.wordpress.com/ Oddmusic U-C], as part of its Microtonal Design Seminar, generated a 7-piece ensemble for playing music in 11edo. Instrumentation: autotuner, cümbüş, electronic keyboard, kalimba, retrofretted guitar, tuned bottles, udderbot. Recordings forthcoming. | In February 2011, [http://oddmusicuc.wordpress.com/ Oddmusic U-C], as part of its Microtonal Design Seminar, generated a 7-piece ensemble for playing music in 11edo. Instrumentation: autotuner, cümbüş, electronic keyboard, kalimba, retrofretted guitar, tuned bottles, udderbot. Recordings forthcoming. | ||
'''Lumatone''' | '''Lumatone''' | ||
[[Lumatone mapping for 11edo|Lumatone mappings for 11edo]] are available. | |||
== Introductory Materials == | == Introductory Materials == | ||
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== Music == | == Music == | ||
{{Catrel|11edo tracks}} | {{Catrel|11edo tracks}} | ||
=== | === 11 equal divisions of the octave (11edo proper) === | ||
==== Modern renderings ==== | ==== Modern renderings ==== | ||
; {{W|Arthur Schutt}} | ; {{W|Arthur Schutt}} | ||
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; [[Francium]] | ; [[Francium]] | ||
* "Tostadosto" from ''The Decatonic Album'' (2024) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/27hl1xKswTuaQG0vIjMHhk Spotify] | [https://francium223.bandcamp.com/track/tostadosto Bandcamp] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28SOTJvT6sw YouTube] | * "Tostadosto" from ''The Decatonic Album'' (2024) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/27hl1xKswTuaQG0vIjMHhk Spotify] | [https://francium223.bandcamp.com/track/tostadosto Bandcamp] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28SOTJvT6sw YouTube] | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM0BAC_YZnQ | * "Sleep Slope" from ''XenRhythms'' (2024) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/2GnUioPrMlJmMaacE6DK7i Spotify] | [https://francium223.bandcamp.com/track/sleep-slope Bandcamp] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM0BAC_YZnQ YouTube] | ||
; [[David Hamill]] | ; [[David Hamill]] | ||
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwyM3quEzu4 ''Prelude & Fugue in 11edo, in Four Parts, for Recorder, Organ, Cello''] (2022) | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwyM3quEzu4 ''Prelude & Fugue in 11edo, in Four Parts, for Recorder, Organ, Cello''] (2022) | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNqDuAq6O5k ''George Secor · 11EDO improvisation (1971)''] (2022) | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNqDuAq6O5k ''George Secor · 11EDO improvisation (1971)''] (2022) | ||
; [[Joseph Monzo]] | |||
* [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/JMrFUKfqfeY ''Monzo, 2026-0608: 11edo, 11/8 time, piano, musescore3''] (2026) | |||
; [[Mundoworld]] | ; [[Mundoworld]] | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69TiqslCgeg ''Fire Memes'' (with Anthony "Pomp" Pompliano)] – Machine[6] in 11edo tuning | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69TiqslCgeg ''Fire Memes'' (with Anthony "Pomp" Pompliano)] – Machine[6] in 11edo tuning | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfNLxcbVzs8 ''Theory of Creation''] – Machine[6] in 11edo tuning | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfNLxcbVzs8 ''Theory of Creation''] – Machine[6] in 11edo tuning | ||
* "Search Party" from ''No Fun House'' (2025) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/7CMiwDuuRuFpB0skfwT2Ap Spotify] | [https://mundoworld.bandcamp.com/track/search-party Bandcamp] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLs6MjuousI YouTube] | |||
; [[User:GlitchyDarkness|No Clue Music]] | ; [[User:GlitchyDarkness|No Clue Music]] | ||
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=== Unequal Derivatives of 11edo === | === Unequal Derivatives of 11edo === | ||
; [[Bryan Deister]] | ; [[Bryan Deister]] | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lWcguNsNs | * ''11 Tone March'' (2023/2024) | ||
** [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/K2QVvaRUXIQ <nowiki>[short clip]</nowiki>] (2023, with Lumatone view) | |||
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lWcguNsNs <nowiki>[full version]</nowiki>] (2024, with tuning specification in video description) | |||
== Videos == | == Videos == | ||
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhPjsCoMy-Q 11-equal Improvisation]'', [[Mike Battaglia FAQ|Mike Battaglia]] - youtube | * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhPjsCoMy-Q 11-equal Improvisation]'', [[Mike Battaglia FAQ|Mike Battaglia]] - youtube | ||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WlTPfRDPCY untitled1], computer | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[11edo Zine]] — There is an 11edo Zine! As far as we know, 11edo is the first xenharmonic tuning system to have its own zine. | * [[11edo Zine]] — There is an 11edo Zine! As far as we know, 11edo is the first xenharmonic tuning system to have its own zine. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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[[Category:Listen]] | [[Category:Listen]] | ||
{{Todo|add rank 2 temperaments table}} | |||