21/20: Difference between revisions

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21/20 as resolution from 21/16 to 5/4
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'''21/20''' is a small semitone of about 85 cents. It may be found in [[7-limit]] [[just intonation]] as, for example, the difference between [[4/3]] and [[7/5]], [[8/7]] and [[6/5]], or [[5/3]] and [[7/4]].
'''21/20''' is a small semitone of about 85 cents. It may be found in [[7-limit]] [[just intonation]] as, for example, the difference between [[4/3]] and [[7/5]], [[8/7]] and [[6/5]], or [[5/3]] and [[7/4]].
In what is known as an authentic cadence, there is a resolution from the V chord to the I chord. If the V is a [[4:5:6:7|harmonic seventh chord]], its harmonic seventh ([[21/16]] above the tonic) resolves down to the major third of the I chord ([[5/4]]) by a step of 21/20.


== Terminology ==
== Terminology ==
21/20 is traditionally called a ''chroma'', perhaps for its proximity (and conflation in systems like septimal [[meantone]]) with the major chroma [[135/128]]. However, it is a ''diatonic semitone'' in both [[Helmholtz–Ellis notation]] and [[Functional Just System]], viewed as the Pythagorean minor second [[256/243]] altered by [[5120/5103]]. [[Marc Sabat]] has taken to call it the ''minor diatonic semitone'' in the same material where [[15/14]] is also named as the major chromatic semitone<ref>Marc Sabat. [https://masa.plainsound.org/pdfs/crystal-growth.pdf ''Three Crystal Growth Algorithms in 23-limit constrained Harmonic Space'']. Plainsound Music Edition, 2008.</ref>.  
21/20 is traditionally called a ''chroma'', perhaps for its proximity (and conflation in systems like septimal [[meantone]]) with the major chroma [[135/128]]. However, it is a ''diatonic semitone'' in both [[Helmholtz–Ellis notation]] and [[Functional Just System]], viewed as the Pythagorean minor second [[256/243]] altered by [[5120/5103]]. [[Marc Sabat]] has taken to call it the ''minor diatonic semitone'' in the same material where [[15/14]] is also named as the major chromatic semitone<ref>Marc Sabat. [https://masa.plainsound.org/pdfs/crystal-growth.pdf ''Three Crystal Growth Algorithms in 23-limit constrained Harmonic Space'']. Plainsound Music Edition, 2008.</ref>.  


== In music ==
In what is known as an authentic cadence, there is a resolution from the V chord to the I chord. If the V is a [[4:5:6:7|harmonic seventh chord]], its harmonic seventh ([[21/16]] above the tonic) resolves down to the major third of the I chord ([[5/4]]) by a step of 21/20.
== Approximation ==
== Approximation ==
{{Interval edo approximation|21/20}}
{{Interval edo approximation|21/20}}
== Interval chain ==
== Interval chain ==
An [[interval chain]] of 21/20s stacked on top of one another comes close to approximating some important [[JI]] intervals. The error between the approximation and the target JI interval may be tempered out in some [[regular temperaments]].
An [[interval chain]] of 21/20's stacked on top of one another comes close to approximating some important [[JI]] intervals. The error between the approximation and the target JI interval may be tempered out in some [[regular temperaments]].


Some examples include:
Some examples include:
* A stack of two 21/20 upwards is ~from [[11/10]]
* A stack of two 21/20's upwards is ~4{{c}} from [[11/10]];
* A stack of seven 21/20 upwards is ~from [[7/5]]
* A stack of seven 21/20's upwards is ~9{{c}} from [[7/5]];
* A stack of ten 21/20 upwards is ~from [[13/8]]
* A stack of ten 21/20's upwards is ~4{{c}} from [[13/8]];
* A stack of twelve 21/20 upwards is ~from [[9/5]]
* A stack of twelve 21/20's upwards is ~4{{c}} from [[9/5]];
and
and
* A stack of six 21/20 downwards is ~10¢ from [[3/2]]
* A stack of six 21/20's downwards is ~10{{c}} from [[3/2]];
* A stack of nine 21/20 downwards is ~from [[9/7]]
* A stack of nine 21/20's downwards is ~5{{c}} from [[9/7]];
* A stack of eleven 21/20 downwards is ~from [[7/6]]
* A stack of eleven 21/20's downwards is ~4{{c}} from [[7/6]].


When treated as a scale, this interval chain can be called the '''[[ambitonal sequence]] of 21/20''' ('''AS21/20''' or '''1ed21/20''').
When treated as a scale, this interval chain can be called the '''[[ambitonal sequence]] of 21/20''' ('''AS21/20''' or '''1ed21/20''').


1ed21/20 is equal to approximately 14.2067 EDO, and as a result of tethering between compressed 14 and heavily stretched 15. It is quite [[xenharmonic]] in its sound. It is related to the [[nautilus]], [[sextilifourths]] and [[floral]] temperaments.
1ed21/20 is equal to approximately 14.2067edo, and as a result of tethering between compressed 14 and heavily stretched 15. It is quite [[xenharmonic]] in its sound. It is related to the [[nautilus]], [[sextilifourths]] and [[floral]] temperaments.


1ed21/20 offers a possible approximation of the no-3s [[11-limit]], or alternatively of the 2.9.5.7.11.17 [[subgroup]].
1ed21/20 offers a possible approximation of the no-3s [[11-limit]], or alternatively of the 2.9.5.7.11.17 [[subgroup]].
{{Harmonics in equal|1|21|20|intervals=integer|columns=11}}
{{Harmonics in equal|1|21|20|intervals=integer|columns=11}}
{{Harmonics in equal|1|21|20|intervals=integer|collapsed=1|start=12|columns=12}}
{{Harmonics in equal|1|21|20|intervals=integer|collapsed=1|start=12|columns=12}}
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[[Category:Septisemi]]
[[Category:Septisemi]]
[[Category:Commas named after their interval size]]
[[Category:Commas named after their interval size]]
{{todo|improve synopsis}}
{{Todo|improve synopsis}}