Interval size measure: Difference between revisions
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Intervals are sometimes expressed in the number of scale steps between them. These steps can be of different size, compare for example the names of the major scale in the classic music. An early unit for measuring intervals is the "[[tone]]" which dates back to classic Greece. | Intervals are sometimes expressed in the number of scale steps between them. These steps can be of different size, compare for example the names of the major scale in the classic music. An early unit for measuring intervals is the "[[tone]]" which dates back to classic Greece. | ||
In serial music, all intervals were measured by the number of 12edo [[semitone]]s. In analogy, the '''relative interval measure''' is the number of steps between two pitches of an [[equal tuning]], sometimes called "[[degree]]s". These measures can be written using [[#Backslash notation|backslash notation]] if the degree itself isn't sufficiently clear in context. | In serial music, all intervals were measured by the number of 12edo [[semitone (interval size measure)|semitone]]s. In analogy, the '''relative interval measure''' is the number of steps between two pitches of an [[equal tuning]], sometimes called "[[degree]]s". These measures can be written using [[#Backslash notation|backslash notation]] if the degree itself isn't sufficiently clear in context. | ||
=== Fine === | === Fine === | ||
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| [[16edo|16]] | | [[16edo|16]] | ||
| 2<sup>4</sup> | | 2<sup>4</sup> | ||
| From Sanskrit ''eka'': one, unit; chromatic unit of Armodue 16edo | | From Sanskrit ''eka'': one, unit; chromatic unit of Armodue 16edo theory<ref>[http://www.armodue.com/risorse.htm Armodue: le risorse di un nuovo sistema musicale]</ref>. | ||
|- | |||
| [[Normal shruti]] | |||
| [[22edo|22]] | |||
| 2 × 11 | |||
| Proposed by [[User:Tristanbay|Tristan Bay]] (2025) in reference to the Indian tradition of dividing the octave into 22 unequal parts. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Normal diesis]] | | [[Normal diesis]] | ||
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| 31 (prime) | | 31 (prime) | ||
| See the dedicated page. | | See the dedicated page. | ||
|- | |||
| [[Dea]] | |||
| [[41edo|41]] | |||
| 41 (prime) | |||
| Proposed by [[User:Tristanbay|Tristan Bay]] (2025) to reflect that a mina is a "minute" (1/60 the width) of a 1\41 "degree". | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Méride]] | | [[Méride]] | ||
| [[43edo|43]] | | [[43edo|43]] | ||
| 43 (prime) | | 43 (prime) | ||
| Proposed by [[Joseph Sauveur]], as 7 heptaméride units<ref name="measure">[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/measures.html | | Proposed by [[Joseph Sauveur]], as 7 heptaméride units<ref name="measure">[http://www.huygens-fokker.org/docs/measures.html Stichting Huygens–Fokker: Logarithmic Interval Measures]</ref><ref>[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meride.aspx Tonalsoft | ''Méride / 43-ed2 / 43-edo / 43-ET / 43-tone equal-temperament'']</ref>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Holdrian comma]] | | [[Holdrian comma]] | ||
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| See the dedicated page. | | See the dedicated page. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Holdrian comma| | | [[Holdrian comma|Mercator's old comma]] | ||
| [[55edo|55]] | | [[55edo|55]] | ||
| 5 | | 5 × 11 | ||
| Not to be confused with [[Mercator's comma]]. | | Not to be confused with [[Mercator's comma]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| [[60edo|60]] | | [[60edo|60]] | ||
| 2<sup>2</sup> × 3 × 5 | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 3 × 5 | ||
| | | Standard SI prefix + 12edo tone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Morion]] | | [[Morion]] | ||
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| [[144edo|144]] | | [[144edo|144]] | ||
| 2<sup>4</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> | | 2<sup>4</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> | ||
| 1/12 of [[12edo]] semitone; | | 1/12 of [[12edo]] semitone; proposed by [[al-Farabi]] in 10th century<ref name="measure"/><ref>[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/f/farab.aspx Tonalsoft | ''Farab''].</ref>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Mem]] | | [[Mem]] | ||
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| [[494edo|494]] | | [[494edo|494]] | ||
| 2 × 13 × 19 | | 2 × 13 × 19 | ||
| | | Named after [[729/728]], the squbema, due to its similar size. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Great iring]] / [[great centitone|centitone]] | ||
| [[500edo|500]] | | [[500edo|500]] | ||
| 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>3</sup> | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>3</sup> | ||
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| [[600edo|600]] | | [[600edo|600]] | ||
| 2<sup>3</sup> × 3 × 5<sup>2</sup> | | 2<sup>3</sup> × 3 × 5<sup>2</sup> | ||
| [[Relative cent]] of [[6edo]] | | [[Relative cent]] of [[6edo]]; proposed by [[Widogast Iring]] (1898), later by [[Joseph Yasser]] as a "centitone", a standard SI prefix + 12edo tone (1932)<ref name="measure"/><ref>[http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/c/centitone.aspx Tonalsoft | ''Centitone, iring'']</ref>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Nil]] / [[skisma]] (Sk) | ||
| [[612edo|612]] | | [[612edo|612]] | ||
| 2<sup>2</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 17 | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 17 | ||
| | | Proposed by [[James Paul White]] (1894) as ''nil'', and by Gene Ward Smith (2007) as ''skisma''<ref name="measure"/><ref>[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/s/sk.aspx Tonalsoft | ''Sk, 612-edo'']</ref>. Edo representation of [[Sagittal notation|Sagittal]]'s Ultra (Herculean) precision level JI notation (58eda), where it is known as an "ultrina". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Delfi]] | | [[Delfi]] | ||
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| <ref name="measure"/> | | <ref name="measure"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Small iring]] / [[small centitone|centitone]] | ||
| [[700edo|700]] | | [[700edo|700]] | ||
| 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> x 7 | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> x 7 | ||
| {{Citation needed}} | | {{Citation needed}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Woolhouse]] | | [[Woolhouse unit]] | ||
| [[730edo|730]] | | [[730edo|730]] | ||
| 2 × 5 × 73 | | 2 × 5 × 73 | ||
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| See the dedicated page. | | See the dedicated page. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Dingle | ||
| [[ | | [[1395edo|1395]] | ||
| | | 3<sup>2</sup> × 5 × 31 | ||
| Proposed by [[User:Tristanbay|Tristan Bay]] (2026) as a 31edo-friendly fine-grain measure, shortened from "'''di'''esis a'''ngle'''". | |||
| [[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Decifarab | | Decifarab | ||
| [[1440edo|1440]] | | [[1440edo|1440]] | ||
| 2<sup>5</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 5 | | 2<sup>5</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 5 | ||
| | | Standard SI prefix + [[farab]]<ref name="measure"/>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Heptamu (7mu) | | Heptamu (7mu) | ||
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| 2<sup>9</sup> × 3 | | 2<sup>9</sup> × 3 | ||
| Seventh MIDI-resolution unit, 1/128 (1/(2<sup>7</sup>)) of [[12edo]] semitone<ref>[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/7mu.aspx Tonalsoft | ''7mu / heptamu'']</ref> | | Seventh MIDI-resolution unit, 1/128 (1/(2<sup>7</sup>)) of [[12edo]] semitone<ref>[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/number/7mu.aspx Tonalsoft | ''7mu / heptamu'']</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| śata | | śata | ||
| [[1600edo|1600]] | | [[1600edo|1600]] | ||
| 2<sup>6</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> | | 2<sup>6</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> | ||
| From Sanskrit ''śatam'': hundred; [[ | | From Sanskrit ''śatam'': hundred; [[relative cent]] of Armodue 16edo theory{{Citation needed}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Iota]] | | [[Iota]] | ||
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| 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> x 43 | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> x 43 | ||
| {{Citation needed}} | | {{Citation needed}} | ||
|- | |||
| [[4320edo|Click]] | |||
| [[4320edo|4320]] | |||
| 2<sup>5</sup> × 3<sup>3</sup> × 5 | |||
| Proposed by [[User:Eliora|Eliora]]. See the dedicated page. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Major tina]] | | [[Major tina]] | ||
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| [[9900edo|9900]] | | [[9900edo|9900]] | ||
| 2<sup>2</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> × 11 | | 2<sup>2</sup> × 3<sup>2</sup> × 5<sup>2</sup> × 11 | ||
| [[Relative cent]] of [[99edo]]; | | [[Relative cent]] of [[99edo]]; suggested by [[Osmiorisbendi]], advocated by [[Tútim Dennsuul Wafiil]]. See the dedicated page. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Türk sent]] / [[Turkish cent]] | | [[Türk sent]] / [[Turkish cent]] | ||
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| [[30103edo|30103]] | | [[30103edo|30103]] | ||
| 30103 (prime) | | 30103 (prime) | ||
| 30103 ≃ 100,000 × log<sub>10</sub>2; | | 30103 ≃ 100,000 × log<sub>10</sub>2; proposed by [[Augustus de Morgan]] (1864)<ref name="measure"/><ref>[http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/j/jot.aspx Tonalsoft | ''Jot'']</ref><ref name="equal"/>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imp]] | | [[Imp]] | ||
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| [[78005edo|78005]] | | [[78005edo|78005]] | ||
| 5 × 15601 | | 5 × 15601 | ||
| | | Proposed by Tristan Bay (2023); 78005edo consistently maps Kirnberger's atom to 1 edostep and is a very strong 5-limit system. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[MIDI Tuning Standard unit]] (14mu) | | [[MIDI Tuning Standard unit]] (14mu) | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ style="font-size: 105%;" List of non-octave fine measures (logarithmic) | |+ style="font-size: 105%;" | List of non-octave fine measures (logarithmic) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unit name (symbol) | ! Unit name (symbol) | ||
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| Euhekt | | Euhekt | ||
| 3/1 (twelfth) | | 3/1 (twelfth) | ||
| | | 3900 | ||
| 1/100 of | | 1/100 of 39edt (Triboh) scale step | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Grad | | Grad | ||
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=== Relative measures === | === Relative measures === | ||
Within a given [[ | Within a given [[equal-step tuning|equal-stepped tuning system]], the [[relative cent]] (rct, r¢) can be used to describe properties of pitches (for instance the approximation of [[Just intonation|JI]] intervals). It is defined as on 100th (or 1 percent) of the interval between two neighbouring pitches in the used equal tuning. | ||
== Ratio == | == Ratio == | ||