Medium comma

A medium comma is a comma whose size is approximately between 30 and 100 cents. These commas are easily perceptible. Many schools do not consider them true commas. In Sagittal notation, intervals in the smaller part of this category are dieses, and intervals in the larger part of this category are semitones.

For commas over 100 cents, see Large comma; for commas under 30 cents, see Small comma; for such under 3.5 cents see Unnoticeable comma.

Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.

The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

See also: Table of 3-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Pythagorean limma, blackwood comma	Sawama	swM	256 / 243	[8 -5⟩	90.225
301-comma	301wama	301wM		[-477 301⟩	88.455
248-comma	248wama	248wM		[-393 248⟩	84.840
111-comma	111wama	111wM		[176 -111⟩	82.995
142-comma	142wama	142wM		[-225 142⟩	77.610
217-comma	217wama	217wM		[344 -217⟩	75.765
89-comma	89wama	89wM		[-141 89⟩	73.995
Gothic comma, Pythagorean gothma, 17-comma	17wama, Sewama	17wM	134217728 / 129140163	[27 -17⟩	66.765	Flora Canou (2023)
289-comma	289wama	289wM		[-458 289⟩	64.995
Jorgensen comma, 70-comma	70wama	70wM		[111 -70⟩	63.150	Mike Battaglia (2012)
183-comma	183wama	183wM		[-290 183⟩	57.765
176-comma	176wama	176wM		[279 -176⟩	55.920
229-comma	229wama	229wM		[363 -229⟩	52.305
77-comma	77wama	77wM		[-122 77⟩	50.535
Mystery comma, 29-comma	29wama, Twenewama	29wM	70368744177664 / 68630377364883	[46 -29⟩	43.305
277-comma	277wama	277wM		[-439 277⟩	41.535
224-comma	224wama	224wM		[-355 224⟩	37.920
135-comma	135wama	135wM		[214 -135⟩	36.075
171-comma	171wama	171wM		[-271 171⟩	34.305
118-comma	118wama	118wM		[-187 118⟩	30.690

5-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Hogzilla comma	Lala-yoyo	LLyy-2	4428675 / 4194304	[-22 11 2⟩	94.132
Mavila comma, major chroma	Layobi	Ly1	135 / 128	[-7 3 1⟩	92.179	Erv Wilson (1989)
Quasisuper comma	Sasagu	ssg3	8388608 / 7971615	[23 -13 -1⟩	88.271
Bohpier comma, 13edt comma	Satheyo	s13y-2	1220703125 / 1162261467	[0 -19 13⟩	84.933
Ripple comma	Quingu	5g2	6561 / 6250	[-1 8 -5⟩	84.071
Dodecoid comma	Sasa-sepgu	ss7g4	536870912 / 512578125	[29 -8 -7⟩	80.164	CompactStar (2023)
Doublewide comma	Quadbiyo	8y-2	390625 / 373248	[-9 -6 8⟩	78.78
Sevond comma	Sasepyo	s7y1	5000000 / 4782969	[6 -14 7⟩	76.826	Petr Pařízek (2011)
Nusecond comma	Legu	11g3	51018336 / 48828125	[5 13 -11⟩	75.964
Sentinel comma	Trila-quadyo	3L4y-3	8968066875 / 8589934592	[-33 15 4⟩	74.580
Hypovishnuzma	Saquadtrigu	s12g4	254803968 / 244140625	[20 5 -12⟩	74.010	ArrowHead294 (2024)
Stump comma	Latriyo	L3y-2	273375 / 262144	[-18 7 3⟩	72.626
Dicot comma, classic(al) chroma	Yoyo	yy1	25 / 24	[-3 -1 2⟩	70.672
Superpyth comma, grave minor second	Sayo	sy2	20480 / 19683	[12 -9 1⟩	68.719
Diminished comma, major diesis	Quadgu	4g2	648 / 625	[3 4 -4⟩	62.565	Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002)
Passion comma	Saquingu	s5g3	262144 / 253125	[18 -4 -5⟩	60.611	Paul Erlich (2004)
Shibboleth comma	Tritriyo	9y-2	1953125 / 1889568	[-5 -10 9⟩	57.273	Paul Erlich (2002)
Xenial comma	Latritrigu	L9g2	129140163 / 125000000	[-6 17 -9⟩	56.412	Xenllium (2026)
Mynic comma	Quinbigu	10g3	10077696 / 9765625	[9 9 -10⟩	54.458
Tritonic comma	Lala-quinyo	LL5y-3	553584375 / 536870912	[-29 11 5⟩	53.074
Magus comma	Salegu	s11g4	50331648 / 48828125	[24 1 -11⟩	52.504
Negri comma, double augmentation diesis	Laquadyo	L4y-2	16875 / 16384	[-14 3 4⟩	51.120	Paul Erlich (2002)
Goldis comma	Trisa-quadtrigu	3s12g5	549755813888 / 533935546875	[39 -7 -12⟩	50.550	Userminusone (2021)
Porcupine comma, maximal diesis	Triyo	3y1	250 / 243	[1 -5 3⟩	49.166	Herman Miller (1999)
Mowgli comma, 15edt comma	Laquintrigu	L15g3	31381059609 / 30517578125	[0 22 -15⟩	48.304
Immunity comma	Sasa-yoyo	ssyy2	1638400 / 1594323	[16 -13 2⟩	47.212	Mike Battaglia (2011)
Python comma	Lalagu	LLg-2	43046721 / 41943040	[-23 16 -1⟩	44.966	CompactStar (2023)
Augmented comma, diesis	Trigu	3g2	128 / 125	[7 0 -3⟩	41.059	Paul Erlich, Carl Lumma (2002)
Wizard comma	Lala-quadtriyo	LL12y-4	2197265625 / 2147483648	[-31 2 12⟩	39.675
Sycamore comma	Laleyo	L11y-3	48828125 / 47775744	[-16 -6 11⟩	37.721	Paul Erlich (2002)
Absurdity comma	Lala-sepgu	LL7g1	10460353203 / 10240000000	[-17 21 -7⟩	36.859	Mike Battaglia (2011)
Fifive comma	Saquinbiyo	s10y-2	9765625 / 9565938	[-1 -14 10⟩	35.767	Petr Pařízek (2011)
Unicorn comma	Laquadbigu	L8g2	1594323 / 1562500	[-2 13 -8⟩	34.905	Paul Erlich (2002)
Valentine comma	Satritrigu	s9g3	1990656 / 1953125	[13 5 -9⟩	32.952	Paul Erlich (2002)
Aenima comma	Trisa-quadbiyo	3s8y2	209715200000000 / 205891132094649	[29 -30 8⟩	31.860	Douglas Blumeyer (2023)
Ampersand comma, Ampersand's comma	Lala-tribiyo	LL6y-3	34171875 / 33554432	[-25 7 6⟩	31.567
Mabila comma	Sasa-quinbigu	ss10g4	268435456 / 263671875	[28 -3 -10⟩	30.998

7-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Hexadecatone comma, 16-7-comma	Sasa-quadquadrubi	ss16r-6	35184372088832 / 33232930569601	[45 0 0 -16⟩	98.785
Gamelismic minor second	Trizo	3z3	343 / 324	[-2 -4 0 3⟩	98.658
29-7/5-comma	Twenezogu	29zg19	(50 digits)	[-14 0 -29 29⟩	92.854
47-35-comma	Thela-fosezoyo	13L47zy6		[-241 0 47 47⟩	91.562
Septimal minor semitone	Zogu	zg2	21 / 20	[-2 1 -1 1⟩	84.467
39-7/5-comma	Thetriruyo	39ry-24		[19 0 39 -39⟩	82.024
6561/6272	Laruru	Lrr-2	6561 / 6272	[-7 8 0 -2⟩	77.988
36-7-comma	Quinla-quadtritrizo	5L36z14		[-101 0 0 36⟩	77.733
Prograde comma	Zozotrigu	zz3g3	392 / 375	[3 -1 -3 2⟩	76.756	OffsuitKnave (2022)
Bapbo comma	Rurugu	rrg1	256 / 245	[8 0 -1 -2⟩	76.034	+merlan #flirora (2021)
18-21-comma	Quinla-tritribizo	5L18z6		[-79 18 0 18⟩	74.056
15-35-comma	Quadsa-quintrirugu	4s15rg-2		[77 0 -15 -15⟩	72.906
400-7-comma				[1123 0 0 -400⟩	69.637
47-7-comma	Sepsa-foseru	7s47r-17		[132 0 0 -47⟩	65.182
35 large diesis	Lazoyo	Lzy1	8505 / 8192	[-13 5 1 1⟩	64.915
33-21-comma	Tritrisa-letriru	9s33r-9		[145 -33 0 -33⟩	64.23
Trienstonic comma, septimal third-tone	Zo	z2	28 / 27	[2 -3 0 1⟩	62.961
31-7/5-comma	Thiwezogu	31zg20		[-15 0 -31 31⟩	57.878
Septimal 2/7-tone	Lazozogu	Lzzg2	1323 / 1280	[-8 3 -1 2⟩	57.203
Greenwoodma	Ruruyo	rry-2	405 / 392	[-3 4 1 -2⟩	56.482
21-7-comma	Trisa-septriru	3s21r-8	(36 digits)	[59 0 0 -21⟩	54.656
Harrison's comma	Laru	Lr-2	59049 / 57344	[-13 10 0 -1⟩	50.724
39-35-comma	Lela-thetrizoyo	11L39zy5		[-200 0 39 39⟩	50.445
Keega	Trizogu	3zg3	1029 / 1000	[-3 1 -3 3⟩	49.492	Gene Ward Smith (2005)
Mint comma, septimal quartertone	Rugu	rg1	36 / 35	[2 2 -1 -1⟩	48.77	Mike Battaglia (2012)
37-7/5-comma	Thiseruyo	37ry-23		[18 0 37 -37⟩	47.049
Obsceniton, 5-21-comma	Saquinru	s5r-2	4194304 / 4084101	[22 -5 0 -5⟩	46.095	VectorGraphics (2025)
Nonary comma	Saquinbiru-agugu	s10ragg-4	7247757312 / 7061881225	[28 3 -2 -10⟩	44.98	Fitzgerald Lee (2024)
Cloudy comma	Laquinzo	L5z3	16807 / 16384	[-14 0 0 5⟩	44.13	+merlan #flirora (2021)
Avicennma, Avicenna's enharmonic diesis	Lazoyoyo	Lzyy1	525 / 512	[-9 1 2 1⟩	43.408
Skwares comma	Laquadru	L4r-3	19683 / 19208	[-3 9 0 -4⟩	42.291
Septimal inframinor second	Sazoyo	szy2	2240 / 2187	[6 -7 1 1⟩	41.456
Septimal octatonic comma	Lala-quadbizoyo	LL8zy2	2251875390625 / 2199023255552	[-41 0 8 8⟩	41.117	ArrowHead294 (2024)
Mabilisma	Latrizo-aquinyo	L3za5y1	1071875 / 1048576	[-20 0 5 3⟩	38.046
Semaphoresma, large septimal diesis, slendro diesis	Zozo	zz2	49 / 48	[-4 -1 0 2⟩	35.697
Arcturus comma	Larutribiyo	Lr6y-2	15625 / 15309	[0 -7 6 -1⟩	35.371
Jubilisma, small septimal diesis, tritonic diesis	Biruyo	2ry-2	50 / 49	[1 0 2 -2⟩	34.976
Naiadisma	Satritrizogu	s9zg7	161414428 / 158203125	[2 -4 -9 9⟩	34.790	Xenllium (2026)
Eric comma	Sepru	7r-4	839808 / 823543	[7 8 0 -7⟩	33.859
31-7-comma	Quadla-thiwezo	4L31z12		[-87 0 0 31⟩	33.603
Llywelynsma, llywelyn comma	Sasepru-agu	s7rag-3	4194304 / 4117715	[22 0 -1 -7⟩	31.905	+merlan #flirora (2021)
23-35-comma	Sepsa-twetherugu	7s23rg-3		[118 0 -23 -23⟩	31.789

11-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Axirabian limma	Lulubi	1uu2	128 / 121	[7 0 0 0 -2⟩	97.364	Dawson Berry (2021)
11-cycle major seventh prote, 35-11-comma	Quinla-sepquinlo	5L35(1o)-8		[-121 0 0 0 35⟩	96.128
Undecimal minor semitone	Loru	1or1	22 / 21	[1 -1 0 -1 1⟩	80.537
Wormwoodma	Lolozogu	1oozg2	847 / 810	[-1 -4 -1 1 2⟩	77.328	Jerdle (2023)
11-cycle chroma, 11-11-comma	Lala-lelo	LL11(1o)-3	285311670611 / 274877906944	[-38 0 0 0 11⟩	64.497
Undecimal major diesis	Lalu	L1u1	729 / 704	[-6 6 0 0 -1⟩	60.412
Jug comma	Lulutrityo	1uu3y1	125 / 121	[0 0 3 0 -2⟩	56.305	CompactStar (2024)
Io comma, undecimal quartertone, al-Farabi quartertone	Ilo	1o1	33 / 32	[-5 1 0 0 1⟩	53.273	CompactStar (2024) for io comma
25·11/7 medium diesis	Luzogugu	1uzgg2	567 / 550	[-1 4 -2 1 -1⟩	52.701	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)
Twinprimisma	Salelo-asepru-aquingu	s11(1o)7ra5g5	285311670611 / 277945762500	[-2 -3 -5 -7 11⟩	45.282	Misohito Nakai (2025)
Sterno	Lotriru	1o3r-2	352 / 343	[5 0 0 -3 1⟩	44.84
Alpharabian paralimma	Satrilu	s3(1u)2	4096 / 3993	[12 -1 0 0 -3⟩	44.091	Dawson Berry (2021)
Nokotan, Shikanokonokonokokoshitantanma	Luzoquinyo	1uz5y1	21875 / 21384	[-3 -5 5 1 -1⟩	39.302	Budjarn Lambeth (2024, short name) R-4981 (2024, long name)
Undecimal 1/5-tone, cake comma	Luyo	1uy1	45 / 44	[-2 2 1 0 -1⟩	38.906
Hunt flat 5 comma	Salu	s1u2	8192 / 8019	[13 -6 0 0 -1⟩	36.952
11/7 comma	Laluzo	L1uz1	45927 / 45056	[-12 8 0 1 -1⟩	33.148	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)
Igs boson, 13-11-comma	Sasa-thelu	ss13(1u)4	35184372088832 / 34522712143931	[45 0 0 0 -13⟩	32.867
Telepathma	Loyo	1oy1	55 / 54	[-1 -3 1 0 1⟩	31.767	Gene Ward Smith (2014)
Hunt 11-cycle comma, 24-11-comma	Trila-quadtribilo	3L24(1o)-6		[-83 0 0 0 24⟩	31.631
Undecimal diesis, konbini comma	Luzogu	1uzg2	56 / 55	[3 0 -1 1 -1⟩	31.194

13-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
55/52	Thuloyo	3u1oy1	55 / 52	[-2 0 1 0 1 -1⟩	97.104
Large tridecimal 1/3-tone	Thogugu	3ogg2	26 / 25	[1 0 -2 0 0 1⟩	67.900
Small tridecimal 1/3-tone	Thu	3u1	27 / 26	[-1 3 0 0 0 -1⟩	65.337
Radius of tolerance (FJS)	Thoruyo	3ory1	65 / 63	[0 -2 1 -1 0 1⟩	54.105
Superflat comma, tridecimal quartertone, Hunt minor submediant comma	Latho	L3o1	1053 / 1024	[-10 4 0 0 0 1⟩	48.348	Flora Canou (2020) for tridecimal quartertone CompactStar (2023) for superflat comma
Tridecimal ennealimma	Tritritho	9(3o)3	10604499373 / 10319560704	[-19 -9 0 0 0 9⟩	47.154	ArrowHead294 (2024)
416/405	Thogu	3og2	416 / 405	[5 -4 -1 0 0 1⟩	46.394
Tridecimal minor diesis	Thuyo	3uy1	40 / 39	[3 -1 1 0 0 -1⟩	43.831
Keladisma	Thotriru	3o3r-2	351/343	[0 3 0 -3 0 1⟩	39.915	Lériendil (2024)
Astbury	Latribitho	L6(3o)2	4826809 / 4718592	[-19 -2 0 0 0 6⟩	39.256	Peter Kosmorsky (2012)
13/7 small diesis	Lathuzo	L3uz1	1701 / 1664	[-7 5 0 1 0 -1⟩	38.073	Douglas Blumeyer (2024)

17-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Small septendecimal semitone, Arabic lute index finger	Su	17u1	18 / 17	[1 2 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	98.955
Valentine semitone	Sothugu	17o3ug2	68 / 65	[2 0 -1 0 0 -1 1⟩	78.114
Septendecimal ~20edo-step	Sulogu	17u1og1	88 / 85	[3 0 -1 0 1 0 -1⟩	60.049	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
12 semitone comma	Lala-quadtriso	LL12(17o)6	582622237229761 / 562949953421312	[-49 0 0 0 0 0 12⟩	59.465
Large septendecimal quartertone	Solu	17o1u2	34 / 33	[1 -1 0 0 -1 0 1⟩	51.682	Flora Canou (2021)
Small septendecimal quartertone	Suzoyo	17uzy1	35 / 34	[-1 0 1 1 0 0 -1⟩	50.184	Flora Canou (2021)
11 semitone comma	Sasa-lesu	ss11(17u)-5	35184372088832 / 34271896307633	[45 0 0 0 0 0 -11⟩	45.49
Large septendecimal 1/6-tone, 17th-partial chroma	Sogugu	17ogg2	51 / 50	[-1 1 -2 0 0 0 1⟩	34.283	Flora Canou (2023)
Small septendecimal 1/6-tone	Sutho	17u3o1	52 / 51	[2 -1 0 0 0 1 -1⟩	33.617	Xenllium (2023)
Hunt 17-cycle comma, 34-17-comma	Quinsa-sebisu	5s34(17u)-14		[139 0 0 0 0 0 -34⟩	31.516

19-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Large undevicesimal semitone	Ino	19o2	19 / 18	[-1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	93.603	Xenllium (2019)
Small undevicesimal semitone	Nuyo	19uy1	20 / 19	[2 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	88.801	Xenllium (2019)
Undevicesimal diesis, undevicesimal 2/9-tone	Nutho	19u3o1	39 / 38	[-1 1 0 0 0 1 0 -1⟩	44.97	Xenllium (2023)
Hendrix comma	Noru	19or1	57 / 56	[-3 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	30.642

23-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Large vicesimotertial semitone	Twetholu	23o1u2	23 / 22	[-1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	76.956	Xenwolf (2020)
Small vicesimotertial semitone	Twethu	23u1	24 / 23	[3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	73.681	Xenwolf (2020)
Arrokothisma	Twethosusutho	23o17uu3o1	299 / 289	[0 0 0 0 0 1 -2 0 1⟩	58.891	Iniðil (2024)
Lipsett comma	Labitwethu	L23uu-2	2187 / 2116	[-2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2⟩	57.136	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
Quaoarisma	Twethonuthulo	23o19u3u1o1	253 / 247	[0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 -1 1⟩	41.552	Iniðil (2025)
Vicesimotertial 1/5-tone	Twethogu	23og2	46 / 45	[1 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	38.051	Flirora (2023)

Higher-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
41/39	Fowothu	41o3u1	41 / 39	3.13.41 [-1 -1 1⟩	86.580
Octave-reduced 31st subharmonic	Thiwu	31u2	32 / 31	2.31 [5 -1⟩	54.964
47-limit ~quartertone comma	Safoso	s47o2	752 / 729	2.3.47 [4 -6 1⟩	53.777	Stephen Weigel (2023)
37-limit Wyschnegradsky ~quartertone	Thiso	37o2	37 / 36	2.3.37 [-2 -2 1⟩	47.434	Stephen Weigel (2023)
Oxidizer comma			729 / 712	2.3.89 [-3 6 -1⟩	40.850	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
43/42	Fothoru	43or1	43 / 42	2.3.7.43 [-1 -1 -1 1⟩	40.737
Lutra comma	Latrithiwo	L3(31o)-3	268119 / 262144	2.3.31 [-18 2 3⟩	39.017	Budjarn Lambeth (2024)
Canine comma			1000 / 979	2.5.11.89 [3 3 -1 -1⟩	36.743	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
47th-partial chroma	Fosu	47u1	48 / 47	2.3.47 [4 1 -1⟩	36.448
Tricesimoprimal comma	Sathiwo	s31o1	248 / 243	2.3.31 [3 -5 1⟩	35.261
Vicesimononal comma	Tweno	29o1	261 / 256	2.3.29 [-8 2 1⟩	33.487	Stephen Weigel (2023)
Attic comma			7921 / 7776	2.3.89 [-5 -5 2⟩	31.985	Budjarn Lambeth (2023)
Vicesimononal 1/7-tone	Twenonu	29o19u1	58 / 57	2.3.19.29 [1 -1 -1 1⟩	30.109

List of irrational commas

For intervals expressible as edosteps, see Interval size measure. We skip them here for brevity.

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Engineer's comma			π / 3		79.840	Eliora (2022)