5L 4s
| ↖ 4L 3s | ↑ 5L 3s | 6L 3s ↗ |
| ← 4L 4s | 5L 4s | 6L 4s → |
| ↙ 4L 5s | ↓ 5L 5s | 6L 5s ↘ |
┌╥╥┬╥┬╥┬╥┬┐ │║║│║│║│║││ │││││││││││ └┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘
sLsLsLsLL
5L 4s, named semiquartal in TAMNAMS, is a 2/1-equivalent (octave-equivalent) moment of symmetry scale containing 5 large steps and 4 small steps, repeating every octave. Generators that produce this scale range from 933.3 ¢ to 960 ¢, or from 240 ¢ to 266.7 ¢.
It is also equal to a degenerate form of diasem.
Names
The TAMNAMS convention, used by this article, uses semiquartal (derived from 'half a fourth') for the 5L 4s pattern. Another attested name is hemifourths.
Scale properties
- This article uses TAMNAMS conventions for the names of this scale's intervals and scale degrees. The use of 1-indexed ordinal names is reserved for interval regions.
Intervals
| Intervals | Steps subtended |
Range in cents | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | Specific | Abbrev. | ||
| 0-cthonstep | Perfect 0-cthonstep | P0cts | 0 | 0.0 ¢ |
| 1-cthonstep | Minor 1-cthonstep | m1cts | s | 0.0 ¢ to 133.3 ¢ |
| Major 1-cthonstep | M1cts | L | 133.3 ¢ to 240.0 ¢ | |
| 2-cthonstep | Perfect 2-cthonstep | P2cts | L + s | 240.0 ¢ to 266.7 ¢ |
| Augmented 2-cthonstep | A2cts | 2L | 266.7 ¢ to 480.0 ¢ | |
| 3-cthonstep | Minor 3-cthonstep | m3cts | L + 2s | 240.0 ¢ to 400.0 ¢ |
| Major 3-cthonstep | M3cts | 2L + s | 400.0 ¢ to 480.0 ¢ | |
| 4-cthonstep | Minor 4-cthonstep | m4cts | 2L + 2s | 480.0 ¢ to 533.3 ¢ |
| Major 4-cthonstep | M4cts | 3L + s | 533.3 ¢ to 720.0 ¢ | |
| 5-cthonstep | Minor 5-cthonstep | m5cts | 2L + 3s | 480.0 ¢ to 666.7 ¢ |
| Major 5-cthonstep | M5cts | 3L + 2s | 666.7 ¢ to 720.0 ¢ | |
| 6-cthonstep | Minor 6-cthonstep | m6cts | 3L + 3s | 720.0 ¢ to 800.0 ¢ |
| Major 6-cthonstep | M6cts | 4L + 2s | 800.0 ¢ to 960.0 ¢ | |
| 7-cthonstep | Diminished 7-cthonstep | d7cts | 3L + 4s | 720.0 ¢ to 933.3 ¢ |
| Perfect 7-cthonstep | P7cts | 4L + 3s | 933.3 ¢ to 960.0 ¢ | |
| 8-cthonstep | Minor 8-cthonstep | m8cts | 4L + 4s | 960.0 ¢ to 1066.7 ¢ |
| Major 8-cthonstep | M8cts | 5L + 3s | 1066.7 ¢ to 1200.0 ¢ | |
| 9-cthonstep | Perfect 9-cthonstep | P9cts | 5L + 4s | 1200.0 ¢ |
Modes
| UDP | Cyclic order |
Step pattern |
Scale degree (cthondegree) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 8|0 | 1 | LLsLsLsLs | Perf. | Maj. | Aug. | Maj. | Maj. | Maj. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. |
| 7|1 | 8 | LsLLsLsLs | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Maj. | Maj. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. |
| 6|2 | 6 | LsLsLLsLs | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Min. | Maj. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. |
| 5|3 | 4 | LsLsLsLLs | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Min. | Maj. | Min. | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. |
| 4|4 | 2 | LsLsLsLsL | Perf. | Maj. | Perf. | Maj. | Min. | Maj. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Perf. |
| 3|5 | 9 | sLLsLsLsL | Perf. | Min. | Perf. | Maj. | Min. | Maj. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Perf. |
| 2|6 | 7 | sLsLLsLsL | Perf. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Min. | Maj. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Perf. |
| 1|7 | 5 | sLsLsLLsL | Perf. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Min. | Min. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Perf. |
| 0|8 | 3 | sLsLsLsLL | Perf. | Min. | Perf. | Min. | Min. | Min. | Min. | Dim. | Min. | Perf. |
Proposed Names
Inthar and cellularAutomaton have proposed mode names based on scientific names of various corvids.
| Mode | UDP | Inthar's names as of 5/2/23 | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| LLsLsLsLs | 8|0 | Cristatan | Bluejay (Cyanocitta cristata) |
| LsLLsLsLs | 7|1 | Pican | Magpie (Pica pica) |
| LsLsLLsLs | 6|2 | Stellerian | Steller's jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) |
| LsLsLsLLs | 5|3 | Podocian | Ground jay (genus Podoces) |
| LsLsLsLsL | 4|4 | Nucifragan | Nutcracker (genus Nucifraga) |
| sLLsLsLsL | 3|5 | Coracian | Common raven (Corvus corax) |
| sLsLLsLsL | 2|6 | Frugilegian | Rook (Corvus frugilegus) |
| sLsLsLLsL | 1|7 | Temnurian | Ratchet-tailed treepie (genus Temnurus) |
| sLsLsLsLL | 0|8 | Pyrrhian | Chough (genus Pyrrhocorax) |
Note that the darkest two modes have no diatonic or armotonic fifth on the root in nonextreme semiquartal tunings.
Theory
The familiar harmonic entropy minimum with this MOS pattern is godzilla, in which the generator 8/7 or 7/6 (tempered to be the same interval), and two generators is 4/3. However, in addition to godzilla (tempering out 81/80) and the 2.3.7 temperament semaphore, there is also a weird scale called "pseudo-semaphore", in which two different flavors of 3/2 exist in the same scale: an octave minus two generators makes a sharp 3/2, and two octaves minus seven generators makes a flat 3/2. The 2.3.13/5 barbados temperament is another possible interpretation.
Tuning ranges
Hard-of-basic
Hard-of-basic tunings have semifourths as generators, between 1\5 (240¢) and 3\14 (257.14¢), where two of them create a diatonic 4th. The generator could be viewed as a 15/13, and the resulting "ultramajor" chords and "inframinor" triads could be viewed as approximating 10:13:15 and 26:30:39. See Arto and Tendo Theory.
Hypohard
The sizes of the generator, large step and small step of 5L 4s are as follows in various hypohard (2/1 ≤ L/s ≤ 3/1) tunings.
| 14edo (L/s = 2/1) | 47edo (L/s = 7/3) | 33edo (L/s = 5/2) | 52edo (L/s = 8/3) | 19edo (L/s = 3/1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| generator (g) | 3\14, 257.14 | 10\47, 255.32 | 7\33, 254.54 | 11\52, 253.85 | 4\19, 252.63 |
| L (octave - 4g) | 171.43 | 178.72 | 181.81 | 184.62 | 189.47 |
| s (5g - octave) | 85.71 | 76.60 | 72.73 | 69.23 | 63.16 |
This range is notable for having many simple tunings that are close to being "eigentunings" (tunings that tune a certain JI interval exactly):
- 33edo semiquartal has close 7/5 (error -0.69¢), 9/5 (error -0.59¢) and 9/7 (error +1.28¢), thus can be used for the close 5:7:9 in the two Locrian-like modes 1|7 and 0|8
- 52edo semiquartal has close 22/19 (error +0.04¢)
- 19edo semiquartal has close 6/5 (error +0.15¢) and 28/27 (error +0.20¢)
However, for the more complex intervals such as 22/19 and 28/27, you might want to use the exact eigentuning for the full effect, unless you specifically need an edo for modulatory purposes.
Parahard and ultrahard
One important sub-range is given by stipulating that two semifourth generators must make a meantone fourth; i.e. that four fifths should approximate a 5/4 major third. This can be considered the 19edo (4\19)-to-24edo (5\24) range, i.e. parahard semiquartal, which also contains 43edo (9\43) and 62edo (13\62). Parahard semiquartal can be given an RTT interpretation known as godzilla.
The sizes of the generator, large step and small step of 5L 4s are as follows in various hypohard (2/1 ≤ L/s ≤ 3/1) tunings.
| 19edo | 24edo | 29edo | |
|---|---|---|---|
| generator (g) | 4\19, 252.63 | 5\24, 250.00 | 6\29, 248.28 |
| L (octave - 4g) | 189.47 | 200.00 | 206.90 |
| s (5g - octave) | 63.16 | 50.00 | 41.38 |
Soft-of-basic
Soft-of-basic tunings have semifourths that are between 3\14 (257.14¢) and 2\9 (266.67¢), creating a "mavila" or "superdiatonic" 4th. 23edo's 5\23 (260.87¢) is an example of this generator.
The sizes of the generator, large step and small step of 5L 4s are as follows in various soft-of-basic tunings.
| 23edo | 32edo | 37edo | |
|---|---|---|---|
| generator (g) | 5\23, 260.87 | 7\32, 262.50 | 8\37, 259.46 |
| L (octave - 4g) | 156.52 | 150.00 | 162.16 |
| s (5g - octave) | 104.35 | 112.50 | 97.30 |
Tuning examples
An example in the Diasem Lydian mode LSLSLMLSLM with M and S equated. (score)
Scale tree
Gallery
Music
- Rin's UFO Ride by Starshine, in 19edo
- Dream EP 14edo Sketch by Inthar, a short swing ditty in 14edo, in the 212121221 mode
- 19edo Semaphore Fugue by Inthar, an unfinished fugue in 19edo, in the 212121221 mode
- qt mode chord prog.mp3
- Entropy, the Grandfather of Wind (broken link. 2011-03-04) in 14edo [dead link]