Xenharmonic Wiki

Garibaldi: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Eufalesio (talk | contribs)
autopatrolled
625 edits
New selected interval table to go with Cassaschisimsicd article
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Schismic''' (or '''helmholtz''') is a 5-limit temperament which takes a roughly justly tuned [[3/2|4/3]] and stacks it eight times to reach [[5/4]], thus finding the 5th harmonic at the diminished fourth (e.g. C–F♭). This can be respelled as a major third flattened by one [[Pythagorean comma]], and thus, the Pythagorean and [[Syntonic comma|syntonic commas]] are equated into a generalized "comma", and the octave can be split into two diatonic major thirds and one downmajor third representing 5/4. It is one of the most basic examples of a [[microtemperament]], as the 4/3 generator can be detuned by a fraction of a cent from just, or left untouched entirely (as the difference between [[8192/6561]] and [[5/4]], the [[schisma]] being tempered out, is approximately 2 cents, which is unnoticeable to most people). Technically, the best tuning in the 5-limit is to flatten the fifth by a fraction of a cent, though tunings on both sides of the just interval work fine.
{{Infobox regtemp
| Title = Garibaldi
| Subgroups = 2.3.5.7, 2.3.5.7.19
| Comma basis = [[225/224]], [[3125/3087]] (7-limit); <br>[[190/189]], [[225/224]], [[361/360]] (2.3.5.7.19)
| Mapping = 1; 1 -8 -14 -3
| Edo join 1 = 41 | Edo join 2 = 53
| Generators = 3/2
| Generators tuning = 702.10
| Optimization method = CWE
| Pergen = (P8, P5)
| MOS scales = [[5L&nbsp;2s]], [[5L&nbsp;7s]], [[12L&nbsp;5s]], [[12L 17s]]
| Odd limit 1 = 9 | Mistuning 1 = 4.33 | Complexity 1 = 17
| Odd limit 2 = 2.3.5.7.19 21 | Mistuning 2 = 4.65 | Complexity 2 = 17
}}
'''Garibaldi''' is a [[7-limit]] (and higher) [[regular temperament|temperament]] of the [[schismatic family #Garibaldi|schismatic family]]. It is an [[extension]] of [[helmholtz (temperament)|helmholtz]] temperament beyond the 5-limit but with the same simple [[chain of fifths|chain-of-fifths]] structure (so that [[chain-of-fifths notation|standard notation]] may be used). The garibaldi temperament tempers together the Pythagorean, syntonic, and archytas commas into a jack-of-all-trades "generic comma", which can be used to reach intervals of 3, 5, and 7. As in helmholtz temperament, [[5/4]] is mapped to the diminished fourth (e.g. C–F♭; a comma-flat major third), and the new mapping specific to garibaldi is that [[7/4]] is mapped to the double-diminished octave (e.g. C–C𝄫; a comma-flat minor seventh). This makes garibaldi a [[marvel temperaments|marvel]] and [[hemifamity temperaments|hemifamity]] temperament. Tuning the fifth a fraction of a cent sharp gives the best tunings.  


To reach intervals of 7, a reasonable choice is to further equate the Pythagorean-syntonic comma with the archytas comma of [[64/63]] (as in [[hemifamity]]), reaching the primary 7-limit extension called '''garibaldi'''. Like with hemifamity, the best tunings involve sharpening the fifth, but in this case only slightly, as the size of the comma is determined by the fifth itself. Thus, tuning the fifth a fraction of a cent sharp gives the best tunings. The new mapping specific to garibaldi is that [[7/4]] is mapped to the double-diminished octave (e.g. C–C&#x1D12B;; a comma-flat Pythagorean minor seventh). This makes garibaldi a [[marvel temperaments|marvel temperament]] and a [[hemifamity temperaments|hemifamity temperament]]. 41edo and 53edo make for good tunings.
Immediate 11-limit extensions include '''cassandra''' ({{nowrap| 41 & 53 }}), mapping 11/8 to +23 fifths, '''andromeda''' ({{nowrap| 29 & 41 }}), mapping 11/8 to −18 fifths, and '''helenus''' ({{nowrap| 53 & 65d }}), mapping 11/8 to −30 fifths. Garibaldi is most naturally a 2.3.5.7.19-[[subgroup]] temperament due to its immediate availability of [[19/16]] at the minor third (C–E♭). This is sometimes known as ''garibaldi nestoria.''  
 
It is useful to introduce a second kind of accidental to notate garibaldi, representing the comma interval, so that 5/4 does not have to be spelled as a fourth (and 7/4 does not have to be spelled as an octave). 
 
Immediate 11-limit extensions to garibaldi include ''cassandra'' ({{nowrap|41 & 53}}), mapping 11/8 to +23 fifths, ''andromeda'' ({{nowrap|29 & 41}}), mapping 11/8 to −18 fifths, and ''helenus'' ({{nowrap|53 & 65d}}), mapping 11/8 to −30 fifths. Garibaldi is most naturally a 2.3.5.7.19-[[subgroup]] temperament due to its immediate availability of [[19/16]] at the minor third (C–E♭). This is sometimes known as ''garibaldi nestoria''.


Garibaldi was named in honor of [[Eduardo Sábat-Garibaldi]], who developed the [[dinarra]], a 53-tone [[microtonal guitar]] in the 1/9-schisma tuning.
Garibaldi was named in honor of [[Eduardo Sábat-Garibaldi]], who developed the [[dinarra]], a 53-tone [[microtonal guitar]] in the 1/9-schisma tuning.


Alternatively to garibaldi, there is another, extremely complex extension to schismic called ''schism'', which finds 7/4 at +39 fifths, and is supported alongside garibaldi by [[53edo]].
See [[Schismatic family #Garibaldi]] for technical data.
 
See [[Schismatic family #Garibaldi]] and [[Schismatic family #Schismic]] for technical data.


== Interval chain ==
== Interval chain ==
Line 20: Line 28:
! rowspan="3" | #
! rowspan="3" | #
! rowspan="3" | Cents*
! rowspan="3" | Cents*
! colspan="5" |Approximate ratios
! colspan="4" | Approximate ratios
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Schismic (2.3.5 subgroup)
! rowspan="2" | 2.3.5.7.19 subgroup
! rowspan="2" | Garibaldi (2.3.5.7.19 subgroup)
! colspan="3" | 13-limit extensions
! colspan="3" | 13-limit extension
|-
|-
! Cassandra
! Cassandra
Line 32: Line 39:
| 0
| 0
| 0.00
| 0.00
|'''1/1'''
| '''1/1'''
|
|
|
|
|
Line 40: Line 46:
| 1
| 1
| 702.10
| 702.10
|'''3/2'''
| '''3/2'''
|
|
|
|
|
Line 48: Line 53:
| 2
| 2
| 204.20
| 204.20
|'''9/8'''
| '''9/8'''
|
|
|
|
|
Line 56: Line 60:
| 3
| 3
| 906.30
| 906.30
|27/16
| 27/16, '''32/19''', 42/25
| '''32/19''', 42/25
| 22/13
| 22/13
| 22/13
| 22/13
Line 64: Line 67:
| 4
| 4
| 408.40
| 408.40
|81/64
| 19/15, 24/19
| 19/15, 24/19
|
|
Line 72: Line 74:
| 5
| 5
| 1110.50
| 1110.50
|243/128, 256/135
| 19/10, 36/19, 40/21
| 19/10, 36/19, 40/21
|
|
Line 80: Line 81:
| 6
| 6
| 612.60
| 612.60
|64/45
| 10/7
| 10/7
|
|
Line 88: Line 88:
| 7
| 7
| 114.70
| 114.70
|'''16/15'''
| 15/14, '''16/15'''
| 15/14
|
|
| 14/13
| 14/13
Line 96: Line 95:
| 8
| 8
| 816.80
| 816.80
|'''8/5'''
| '''8/5'''
|
|
|
| 21/13
| 21/13
Line 104: Line 102:
| 9
| 9
| 318.90
| 318.90
|6/5
| 6/5
|
|
|
| 40/33
| 40/33
Line 112: Line 109:
| 10
| 10
| 1021.00
| 1021.00
|9/5
| 9/5, 38/21
| 38/21
|
|
| 20/11
| 20/11
Line 120: Line 116:
| 11
| 11
| 523.09
| 523.09
|27/20
| 19/14, 27/20
| 19/14
|
|
| 15/11
| 15/11
Line 128: Line 123:
| 12
| 12
| 25.19
| 25.19
|81/80
| 50/49, 57/56, 64/63, 81/80
| 50/49, 57/56, 64/63
|
|
| 40/39, 45/44
| 40/39, 45/44
Line 136: Line 130:
| 13
| 13
| 727.29
| 727.29
|
| '''32/21'''
| '''32/21'''
|
|
Line 144: Line 137:
| 14
| 14
| 229.39
| 229.39
|
| '''8/7'''
| '''8/7'''
|
|
Line 152: Line 144:
| 15
| 15
| 931.49
| 931.49
|
| 12/7
| 12/7
|
|
Line 160: Line 151:
| 16
| 16
| 433.59
| 433.59
|
| 9/7
| 9/7
|
|
Line 168: Line 158:
| 17
| 17
| 1135.69
| 1135.69
|48/25
| 27/14, 48/25
| 27/14
| 52/27
| 52/27
| 64/33
| 64/33
Line 176: Line 165:
| 18
| 18
| 637.79
| 637.79
|36/25
| 36/25, 81/56
| 81/56
| 13/9
| 13/9
| '''16/11''', 19/13
| '''16/11''', 19/13
Line 184: Line 172:
| 19
| 19
| 139.89
| 139.89
|27/25
| 27/25
|
| 13/12
| 13/12
| 12/11
| 12/11
Line 192: Line 179:
| 20
| 20
| 841.99
| 841.99
|
| 57/35, 80/49
| 57/35, 80/49
| '''13/8''', 44/27
| '''13/8''', 44/27
Line 200: Line 186:
| 21
| 21
| 344.09
| 344.09
|
| 60/49
| 60/49
| 11/9, 39/32
| 11/9, 39/32
Line 208: Line 193:
| 22
| 22
| 1046.19
| 1046.19
|
| 64/35
| 64/35
| 11/6
| 11/6
Line 216: Line 200:
| 23
| 23
| 548.29
| 548.29
|
| 48/35
| 48/35
| '''11/8''', 26/19
| '''11/8''', 26/19
Line 224: Line 207:
| 24
| 24
| 50.39
| 50.39
|
| 36/35
| 36/35
| 33/32
| 33/32
Line 232: Line 214:
| 25
| 25
| 752.49
| 752.49
|
| 54/35
| 54/35
|
|
Line 240: Line 221:
| 26
| 26
| 254.59
| 254.59
|144/125
| 57/49, 81/70, 144/125
| 57/49, 81/70
| 22/19
| 22/19
|
|
Line 248: Line 228:
| 27
| 27
| 956.69
| 956.69
|216/125
| 171/98, 216/125, 256/147
| 171/98, 256/147
| 26/15
| 26/15
|
|
Line 256: Line 235:
| 28
| 28
| 458.79
| 458.79
|
| 64/49
| 64/49
| 13/10
| 13/10
Line 264: Line 242:
| 29
| 29
| 1160.89
| 1160.89
|
| 96/49
| 96/49
| 39/20, 88/45
| 39/20, 88/45
Line 272: Line 249:
| 30
| 30
| 662.99
| 662.99
|
| 72/49
| 72/49
| 22/15
| 22/15
Line 280: Line 256:
| 31
| 31
| 165.08
| 165.08
|
| 54/49
| 54/49
| 11/10
| 11/10
Line 288: Line 263:
| 32
| 32
| 867.18
| 867.18
|
| 81/49
| 81/49
| 33/20
| 33/20
Line 296: Line 270:
| 33
| 33
| 369.28
| 369.28
|
| 216/175
| 216/175
| 26/21
| 26/21
Line 304: Line 277:
| 34
| 34
| 1071.38
| 1071.38
|
| 324/175
| 324/175
| 13/7
| 13/7
Line 312: Line 284:
| 35
| 35
| 573.48
| 573.48
|
| 243/175
| 243/175
|  
|  
Line 320: Line 291:
| 36
| 36
| 75.58
| 75.58
|
| 256/245
| 256/245
| 22/21
| 22/21
Line 328: Line 298:
| 37
| 37
| 777.68
| 777.68
|
| 384/245
| 384/245
| 11/7
| 11/7
Line 336: Line 305:
| 38
| 38
| 279.78
| 279.78
|
| 288/245
| 288/245
|  
|  
Line 344: Line 312:
| 39
| 39
| 981.88
| 981.88
|
| 432/245
| 432/245
|  
|  
Line 352: Line 319:
| 40
| 40
| 483.98
| 483.98
|
| 324/245
| 324/245
|  
|  
Line 360: Line 326:
| 41
| 41
| 1186.08
| 1186.08
|
| 486/245
| 486/245
|  
|  
Line 372: Line 337:
[[File:Garibaldi-cassandra 12et Detempering.png|thumb|Garibaldi/cassandra as a 53-tone 12et detempering]]
[[File:Garibaldi-cassandra 12et Detempering.png|thumb|Garibaldi/cassandra as a 53-tone 12et detempering]]


Schismic (and thus garibaldi) is very naturally considered as a [[detemperament]] of the [[12edo|12 equal temperament]]. The table below shows a 53-tone detempered scale, with a generator range of -26 to +26. Each interval category of the 12 equal temperament is further divided into "double-sub", "sub", "plain", "super" and "double-super" qualities, separated by an [[diesis (scale theory)|enharmonic diesis]], which represents the syntonic~septimal comma; the "plain" type here consists of a [[5L 7s]] scale in 6|5 mode. Combining this division with the minor and major qualities of the 12 equal temperament, and calling the "double-sub major" and "double-super minor" qualities ''artoneutral'' and ''tendoneutral'', respectively, garibaldi gives us at least ''eight'' qualities for each diatonic category: subminor, minor, supraminor, artoneutral, tendoneutral, submajor, major, and supermajor.
Garibaldi is very naturally considered as a [[detemperament]] of the [[12edo|12 equal temperament]] (12et), where the chromatic scale becomes a near-equal [[5L 7s]]. The diagram on the right shows a 53-tone detempered scale, with a generator range of -26 to +26. 53 is the largest number of tones for a mos where the 12 categories never overlap. 
 
Each pitch category of 12et is further divided into four or five qualities, separated by a [[pythagorean comma]], which represents the syntonic~septimal comma. Combining this division with the minor and major diatonic qualities of 12et, garibaldi can give up to ''eight'' qualities for each diatonic category. Taking thirds as an example: 
 
In 12tet:  
 
* 7/6~19/16~6/5 (minor)
* 5/4~19/15~9/7 (major)
 
In garibaldi (cassandra)


Notice also the little comma between artoneutral and tendoaneutral. This interval spans 41 generator steps. 41edo tempers it out so that it merges artoneutral and tendoneutral into one neutral interval whereas 53edo exaggerates it to the size of the syntonic~septimal comma. 94edo tunes it to one half the size of the syntonic~septimal comma, which can be seen as a good compromise.
* ~[[7/6]] (subminor)
* '''~[[19/16]] (minor)'''
* ~[[6/5]] (superminor)
* ~[[11/9]] (artoneutral)
* ~[[27/22]] (tendoneutral)
* ~[[5/4]] (submajor)
* '''~[[19/15]] (major)'''
* ~[[9/7]] (supermajor)


{| class="wikitable center-all mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Notice also the little interval between artoneutral and tendoneutral, ~[[243/242]]. This interval spans 41 generator steps. 41edo tempers it out so that it merges artoneutral and tendoneutral into a [[Sqrt(3/2)|hemififth]] whereas 53edo exaggerates it to the size of the generic comma. 94edo tunes it to one half the size of the general comma, which can be seen as a good compromise.
|-
! rowspan="2" | #
! rowspan="2" | Interval<br>category
! colspan="3" style="border-left: double;" | "Double-Sub"
! colspan="3" style="border-left: double;" | "Sub"
! colspan="3" style="border-left: double;" | "Plain"
! colspan="3" style="border-left: double;" | "Super"
! colspan="3" style="border-left: double;" | "Double-super"
|-
! style="border-left: double;" | Gen. || Cents* || Ratios
! style="border-left: double;" | Gen. || Cents* || Ratios
! style="border-left: double;" | Gen. || Cents* || Ratios
! style="border-left: double;" | Gen. || Cents* || Ratios
! style="border-left: double;" | Gen. || Cents* || Ratios
|-
| 0
| P1
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" | 0 || 0.0 || 1/1
| style="border-left: double;" | 12 || 25.2 || 64/63~81/80
| style="border-left: double;" | 24 || 50.5 || 33/32~36/35
|-
| 1
| m2
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" | −17 || 64.2 || 27/26~28/27
| style="border-left: double;" | −5 || 89.5 || 20/19~21/20
| style="border-left: double;" | 7 || 114.7 || 15/14~16/15
| style="border-left: double;" | 19 || 140.0 || 13/12
|-
| 2
| M2
| style="border-left: double;" | −22 || 153.7 || 12/11
| style="border-left: double;" | −10 || 178.9 || 10/9
| style="border-left: double;" | 2 || 204.2 || 9/8
| style="border-left: double;" | 14 || 229.5 || 8/7
| style="border-left: double;" | 26 || 254.7 || 22/19
|-
| 3
| m3
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" | −15 || 268.4 || 7/6
| style="border-left: double;" | −3 || 293.6 || 13/11~19/16
| style="border-left: double;" | 9 || 318.9 || 6/5
| style="border-left: double;" | 21 || 344.2 || 11/9
|-
| 4
| M3
| style="border-left: double;" | −20 || 357.9 || 16/13
| style="border-left: double;" | −8 || 383.2 || 5/4
| style="border-left: double;" | 4 || 408.4 || 19/15~24/19
| style="border-left: double;" | 16 || 433.7 || 9/7
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
|-
| 5
| P4
| style="border-left: double;" | −25 || 447.4 || 35/27
| style="border-left: double;" | −13 || 472.6 || 21/16
| style="border-left: double;" | −1 || 497.9 || 4/3
| style="border-left: double;" | 11 || 523.2 || 19/14
| style="border-left: double;" | 23 || 548.4 || 11/8
|-
| 6
| A4, d5
| style="border-left: double;" | −18 || 562.1 || 18/13
| style="border-left: double;" | −6 || 587.4 || 7/5
| style="border-left: double;" | 6 || 612.6 || 10/7
| style="border-left: double;" | 18 || 637.9 || 13/9
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
|-
| 7
| P5
| style="border-left: double;" | −23 || 651.6 || 16/11
| style="border-left: double;" | −11 || 676.8 || 28/19
| style="border-left: double;" | 1 || 702.1 || 3/2
| style="border-left: double;" | 13 || 727.4 || 32/21
| style="border-left: double;" | 25 || 752.6 || 54/35
|-
| 8
| m6
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" | −16 || 766.3 || 14/9
| style="border-left: double;" | −4 || 791.6 || 19/12~30/19
| style="border-left: double;" | 8 || 816.8 || 8/5
| style="border-left: double;" | 20 || 842.1 || 13/8
|-
| 9
| M6
| style="border-left: double;" | −21 || 855.8 || 18/11
| style="border-left: double;" | −9 || 881.1 || 5/3
| style="border-left: double;" | 3 || 906.3 || 22/13~27/16
| style="border-left: double;" | 15 || 931.6 || 12/7
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
|-
| 10
| m7
| style="border-left: double;" | −26 || 945.3 || 19/11
| style="border-left: double;" | −14 || 970.5 || 7/4
| style="border-left: double;" | −2 || 995.8 || 16/9
| style="border-left: double;" | 10 || 1021.1 || 9/5
| style="border-left: double;" | 22 || 1046.3 || 11/6
|-
| 11
| M7
| style="border-left: double;" | −19 || 1060.0 || 24/13
| style="border-left: double;" | −7 || 1085.3 || 15/8~28/15
| style="border-left: double;" | 5 || 1110.5 || 19/10~40/21
| style="border-left: double;" | 17 || 1135.8 || 27/14~52/27
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
|-
| 12
| P8
| style="border-left: double;" | −24 || 1149.5 || 35/18~64/33
| style="border-left: double;" | −12 || 1174.7 || 63/32~65/33
| style="border-left: double;" | 0 || 1200.0 || 2/1
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
| style="border-left: double;" |  ||  ||
|}


See the diagrams on the right for isomorphic versions.
On another note, excluding 41edo, the two neutral intervals also have natural 13-limit interpretations in cassandra: 11/9~[[39/32]] and 27/22~[[16/13]], tempering out [[352/351]]. This also means the minor third is ~[[13/11]].


== Notation ==
== Notation ==
Using schismic can be a challenge because it defies the tradition of tertian harmony in [[chain-of-fifths notation]]. The just major triad on C is C–Fb–G, for example. Due to the generalized comma of schismic, a natural choice is to adopt an additional module of accidentals such as arrows to represent the comma step, allowing them to write the chord above as C–vE–G.  
Like in [[schismic]], it is recommended to adopt an additional module of accidentals such as arrows to represent the comma step. Garibaldi further benefits from this as the arrow also stands in for the septimal comma, so that the same inflection can be used to reach classical and septimal intervals alike.  


{| class="wikitable center-1 center-3"
The following table shows how to notate 2.3.5.7.11.13.19 intervals in each extension of garibaldi.
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | Cassandra nomenclature for<br />selected intervals
 
|-
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! Ratio
|+Nomenclature of selected intervals
! Nominal
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Example
! rowspan="2" | Ratio
! colspan="3" | Example
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| Cassandra
| Andromeda
| Helenus
|-
|-
| 3/2
| 3/2
| Perfect fifth
| colspan="3" | C–G (perfect fifth)
| C–G
|-
|-
| 5/4
| 5/4
| Downmajor third
| colspan="3" | C–↓E (downmajor third)
| C–vE
|-
|-
| 7/4
| 7/4
| Downminor seventh
| colspan="3" | C–↓Bb (downminor seventh)
| C–vBb
|-
|-
| 11/8
| 11/8
| Double-up fourth
| C–↑↑F (dupfourth)
| C–^^F
| C–↓↓F#* (dudtritone)
| C–↓3F#* (trudtritone)
|-
|-
| 13/8
| 13/8
| Double-up minor sixth
| C–↑↑Ab (dupminor sixth)
| C–^^Ab
| C–↓↓A (dudmajor sixth)
| C–↓3A (trudmajor sixth)
|-
|-
| 19/16
| 19/16
| Minor third
| colspan="3" | C–Eb (minor third)
| C–Eb
|}
 
{| class="wikitable center-1 center-3 mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | Andromeda nomenclature for selected intervals
|-
! Ratio
! Nominal
! Example
|-
| 11/8
| Down-diminished fifth<br>Double-down augmented fourth
| C–vGb<br>C–vvF#
|-
| 13/8
| Double downmajor sixth
| C–vvA
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable center-1 center-3 mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
<nowiki/>*Can also be spelt ↓Gb and ↓↓Gb respectively, since F# = ↑Gb.
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | Helenus nomenclature for selected intervals
|-
! Ratio
! Nominal
! Example
|-
| 11/8
| Double-down diminished fifth<br>Triple-down augmented fourth
| C–vvGb<br>C–v<sup>3</sup>F#
|-
| 13/8
| Triple-down major sixth
| C–v<sup>3</sup>A
|}


== Chords and harmony ==
== Chords and harmony ==
Line 574: Line 409:


If a warm, sweet, laid-back sound is desired, the thirds can be inflected inwards by a comma to yield
If a warm, sweet, laid-back sound is desired, the thirds can be inflected inwards by a comma to yield
* 1–5/4–3/2 (C–vE–G)
* 1–5/4–3/2 (C–↓E–G)
* 1–6/5–3/2 (C–^Eb–G)
* 1–6/5–3/2 (C–↑Eb–G)


Contrarily, for a more sour and active sound, they can be inflected outwards by a comma to yield
Contrarily, for a more sour and active sound, they can be inflected outwards by a comma to yield
* 1–9/7–3/2 (C–^E-G)
* 1–9/7–3/2 (C–↑E-G)
* 1–7/6–3/2 (C–vEb-G)
* 1–7/6–3/2 (C–↓Eb-G)


== Scales ==
== Scales ==
Line 589: Line 424:


== Tunings ==
== Tunings ==
=== Norm-based tunings ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | 7-limit norm-based tunings
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Euclidean
|-
! Constrained
! Constrained & skewed
! Destretched
|-
! Tenney
| CTE: ~3/2 = 702.0589{{c}}
| CWE: ~3/2 = 702.0774{{c}}
| POTE: ~3/2 = 702.0852{{c}}
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | 13-limit norm-based tunings (cassandra)
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Euclidean
|-
! Constrained
! Constrained & skewed
! Destretched
|-
! Tenney
| CTE: ~3/2 = 702.1192{{c}}
| CWE: ~3/2 = 702.1135{{c}}
| POTE: ~3/2 = 702.1125{{c}}
|}
=== Target tunings ===
{| class="wikitable center-all left-5 mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="white-space: nowrap;" | Target tunings (garibaldi)
! rowspan="2" | Target
! colspan="2" | Minimax
! colspan="2" | Least squares
|-
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
|-
| 7-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.2086{{c}}
| 7/6
| ~3/2 = 702.140{{c}}
| {{Monzo| 0 -25 11 35 }}
|-
| 9-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.1928{{c}}
| 9/7
| ~3/2 = 702.114{{c}}
| {{Monzo| 0 -27 7 17 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable center-all left-5 mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="white-space: nowrap;" | Target tunings (cassandra)
! rowspan="2" | Target
! colspan="2" | Minimax
! colspan="2" | Least squares
|-
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
|-
| 11-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.1928{{c}}
| 9/7
| ~3/2 = 702.183{{c}}
| {{Monzo| 0 17 -52 -88 134 }}
|-
| 13-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.1089{{c}}
| 13/7
| ~3/2 = 702.128{{c}}
| {{Monzo| 0 -38 -80 -122 137 116 }}
|-
| 15-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.1089{{c}}
| 13/7
| ~3/2 = 702.112{{c}}
| {{Monzo| 0 -95 -137 -129 167 143 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable center-all mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="white-space: nowrap;" | Target tunings (andromeda)
! rowspan="2" | Target
! colspan="2" | Minimax
|-
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
|-
| 11-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.6296{{c}}
| 11/9
|-
| 13-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.7558{{c}}
| 13/9
|-
| 15-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 702.7558{{c}}
| 13/9
|}
{| class="wikitable center-all mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="white-space: nowrap;" | Target tunings (helenus)
! rowspan="2" | Target
! colspan="2" | Minimax
|-
! Generator
! Eigenmonzo*
|-
| 11-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 701.6435{{c}}
| 11/9
|-
| 13-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 701.6435{{c}}
| 11/9
|-
| 15-odd-limit
| ~3/2 = 701.6435{{c}}
| 11/9
|}
=== Tuning spectra ===
=== Tuning spectra ===
==== Garibaldi ====
==== Garibaldi ====
{| class="wikitable center-all left-4"
{| class="wikitable center-all left-4"
! Edo<br>generator
! Edo<br>generator
! [[Eigenmonzo|Eigenmonzo<br>(unchanged-interval)]]*
! [[Eigenmonzo|Unchanged interval<br>(eigenmonzo)]]*
! Generator (¢)
! Generator (¢)
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
| 7\12
| '''[[12edo|7\12]]'''
|  
|  
| 700.0000
| '''700.0000'''
| Lower bound of 9-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 9-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 612: Line 577:
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
|-
|-
| 38\65
| [[65edo|38\65]]
|  
|  
| 701.5385
| 701.5385
|  
| 65d val
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/8
| 15/8
| 701.676
| 701.6759
| 1/7 schisma
| 1/7 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 5/4
| 5/4
| 701.711
| 701.7108
| 1/8 schisma
| 1/8 schisma
|-
|-
Line 634: Line 599:
|  
|  
| 5/3
| 5/3
| 701.738
| 701.7379
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/5
| 9/5
| 701.760
| 701.7596
| 1/10 schisma
| 1/10 schisma
|-
|-
Line 647: Line 612:
| 1/12 schisma
| 1/12 schisma
|-
|-
| 31\53
| [[53edo|31\53]]
|  
|  
| 701.8868
| 701.8868
Line 660: Line 625:
| 36/35
| 36/35
| 702.0321
| 702.0321
|
|-
| [[94edo|55\94]]
|
| 702.1277
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/7
| 9/7
| 702.193
| 702.1928
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/6
| 7/6
| 702.209
| 702.2086
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 679: Line 649:
|  
|  
| 7/4
| 7/4
| 702.227
| 702.2267
| 1/14 septimal schisma
| 1/14 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 702: Line 672:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 24\41
| [[41edo|24\41]]
|  
|  
| 702.4390
| 702.4390
Line 719: Line 689:
|  
|  
| 15/14
| 15/14
| 702.778
| 702.7775
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/5
| 7/5
| 702.915
| 702.9146
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 732: Line 702:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 17\29
| '''[[29edo|17\29]]'''
|  
|  
| 703.4483
| '''703.4483'''
| Upper bound of 9-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Upper bound of 9-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/11
| 13/11
| 703.597
| 703.5968
|  
|  
|}
|}
Line 746: Line 716:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
! Edo<br>generator
! Edo<br>generator
! [[Eigenmonzo|Eigenmonzo<br>(unchanged-interval)]]*
! [[Eigenmonzo|Unchanged interval<br>(eigenmonzo)]]*
! Generator (¢)
! Generator (¢)
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
| 7\12
| '''[[12edo|7\12]]'''
|  
|  
| 700.0000
| '''700.0000'''
| Lower bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 765: Line 735:
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
|-
|-
| 38\65
| [[65edo|38\65]]
|  
|  
| 701.5385
| 701.5385
|  
| 65def val
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/8
| 15/8
| 701.676
| 701.6759
| 1/7 schisma
| 1/7 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 5/4
| 5/4
| 701.711
| 701.7108
| 1/8 schisma
| 1/8 schisma
|-
|-
Line 784: Line 754:
| 701.7252
| 701.7252
| 2/17 schisma
| 2/17 schisma
|-
|
| {{monzo| 0 -10 17 }}
| 701.728
| 5-odd-limit least squares
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 5/3
| 5/3
| 701.738
| 701.7379
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/5
| 9/5
| 701.760
| 701.7596
| 1/10 schisma
| 1/10 schisma
|-
|-
Line 810: Line 775:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 31\53
| '''[[53edo|31\53]]'''
|  
|  
| 701.8868
| '''701.8868'''
| Lower bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 832: Line 797:
|  
|  
| 13/8
| 13/8
| 702.026
| 702.0264
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/12
| 13/12
| 702.030
| 702.0301
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 847: Line 812:
|  
|  
| 13/9
| 13/9
| 702.034
| 702.0343
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 857: Line 822:
|  
|  
| 11/10
| 11/10
| 702.097
| 702.0969
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/11
| 15/11
| 702.102
| 702.1016
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/7
| 13/7
| 702.109
| 702.1089
| 13- and 15-odd-limit minimax
| 13- and 15-odd-limit minimax
|-
|
| <span style="font-size:0.75em">{{monzo| 0 -95 -137 -129 167 143 }}</span>
| 702.112
| 15-odd-limit least squares
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 880: Line 840:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| [[94edo|55\94]]
|  
|  
| {{monzo| 0 -27 7 17 }}
| 702.1277
| 702.114
| 9-odd-limit least squares
|-
|  
|  
| <span style="font-size:0.75em">{{monzo| 0 -38 -80 -122 137 116 }}</span>
| 702.128
| 13-odd-limit least squares
|-
|
| {{monzo| 0 -25 11 35 }}
| 702.140
| 7-odd-limit least squares
|-
|
| <span style="font-size:0.9em">{{monzo| 0 17 -52 -88 134 }}</span>
| 702.183
| 11-odd-limit least squares
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/7
| 9/7
| 702.193
| 702.1928
| 9- and 11-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
| 9- and 11-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/6
| 7/6
| 702.209
| 702.2086
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 917: Line 862:
|  
|  
| 7/4
| 7/4
| 702.227
| 702.2267
| 1/14 septimal schisma
| 1/14 septimal schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/7
| 11/7
| 702.230
| 702.2295
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/8
| 11/8
| 702.231
| 702.2312
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 942: Line 887:
|  
|  
| 11/6
| 11/6
| 702.244
| 702.2438
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 952: Line 897:
|  
|  
| 11/9
| 11/9
| 702.258
| 702.2575
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 965: Line 910:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 24\41
| '''[[41edo|24\41]]'''
|  
|  
| 702.4390
| '''702.4390'''
| Upper bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Upper bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 982: Line 927:
|  
|  
| 15/14
| 15/14
| 702.778
| 702.7775
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/5
| 7/5
| 702.915
| 702.9146
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 995: Line 940:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 17\29
| '''[[29edo|17\29]]'''
|  
|  
| 703.4483
| '''703.4483'''
| Upper bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''29ef val, upper bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/11
| 13/11
| 703.597
| 703.5968
|  
|  
|}
|}
Line 1,009: Line 954:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
! Edo<br>generator
! Edo<br>generator
! Eigenmonzo<br>(unchanged-interval)*
! Unchanged interval<br>(eigenmonzo)*
! Generator (¢)
! Generator (¢)
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
| 7\12
| '''[[12edo|7\12]]'''
|  
|  
| 700.0000
| '''700.0000'''
| Lower bound of 9- and 11-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 9- and 11-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,028: Line 973:
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
| 1/4 undevicesimal schisma
|-
|-
| 38\65
| [[65edo|38\65]]
|  
|  
| 701.5385
| 701.5385
|  
| 65deeff val
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/8
| 15/8
| 701.676
| 701.6759
| 1/7 schisma
| 1/7 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 5/4
| 5/4
| 701.711
| 701.7108
| 1/8 schisma
| 1/8 schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,050: Line 995:
|  
|  
| 5/3
| 5/3
| 701.738
| 701.7379
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/5
| 9/5
| 701.760
| 701.7596
| 1/10 schisma
| 1/10 schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,063: Line 1,008:
| 1/12 schisma
| 1/12 schisma
|-
|-
| 31\53
| [[53edo|31\53]]
|  
|  
| 701.8868
| 701.8868
|  
| 53ef val
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,080: Line 1,025:
|  
|  
| 9/7
| 9/7
| 702.193
| 702.1928
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/6
| 7/6
| 702.209
| 702.2086
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,095: Line 1,040:
|  
|  
| 7/4
| 7/4
| 702.227
| 702.2267
| 1/14 septimal schisma
| 1/14 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,113: Line 1,058:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 24\41
| '''[[41edo|24\41]]'''
|  
|  
| 702.4390
| '''702.4390'''
| Lower bound of 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,125: Line 1,070:
|  
|  
| 11/9
| 11/9
| 702.630
| 702.6296
| 11-odd-limit minimax
| 11-odd-limit minimax
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/6
| 11/6
| 702.665
| 702.6651
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,140: Line 1,085:
|  
|  
| 11/8
| 11/8
| 702.705
| 702.7046
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/9
| 13/9
| 702.756
| 702.7558
| 13- and 15-odd-limit minimax
| 13- and 15-odd-limit minimax
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/14
| 15/14
| 702.778
| 702.7775
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/12
| 13/12
| 702.792
| 702.7922
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/8
| 13/8
| 702.832
| 702.8320
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/5
| 7/5
| 702.915
| 702.9146
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,185: Line 1,130:
|  
|  
| 15/11
| 15/11
| 703.359
| 703.3592
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/13
| 15/13
| 703.410
| 703.4101
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 17\29
| '''[[29edo|17\29]]'''
|  
|  
| 703.4483
| '''703.4483'''
| Upper bound of 9-, 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Upper bound of 9-, 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/10
| 11/10
| 703.500
| 703.4996
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/10
| 13/10
| 703.522
| 703.5220
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/11
| 13/11
| 703.597
| 703.5968
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,230: Line 1,175:
|  
|  
| 13/7
| 13/7
| 704.043
| 704.0426
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/7
| 11/7
| 704.377
| 704.3770
|  
|  
|}
|}
Line 1,242: Line 1,187:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed center-all left-4"
! Edo<br>generator
! Edo<br>generator
! Eigenmonzo<br>(unchanged-interval)*
! Unchanged interval<br>(eigenmonzo)*
! Generator (¢)
! Generator (¢)
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
| 7\12
| '''[[12edo|7\12]]'''
|  
|  
| 700.0000
| '''700.0000'''
| Lower bound of 9- and 11-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Lower bound of 9- and 11-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,258: Line 1,203:
|  
|  
| 11/7
| 11/7
| 701.094
| 701.0942
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,273: Line 1,218:
|  
|  
| 13/7
| 13/7
| 701.489
| 701.4894
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,281: Line 1,226:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 38\65
| '''[[65edo|38\65]]'''
|  
|  
| 701.5385
| '''701.5385'''
| Lower bound of 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''65d val, lower bound of 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/10
| 11/10
| 701.591
| 701.5907
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/11
| 15/11
| 701.607
| 701.6066
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/8
| 11/8
| 701.623
| 701.6227
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/6
| 11/6
| 701.633
| 701.6335
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 11/9
| 11/9
| 701.644
| 701.6435
| 11-, 13-, and 15-odd-limit minimax
| 11-, 13-, and 15-odd-limit minimax
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/8
| 15/8
| 701.676
| 701.6759
| 1/7 schisma
| 1/7 schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,323: Line 1,268:
|  
|  
| 5/4
| 5/4
| 701.711
| 701.7108
| 1/8 schisma
| 1/8 schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,333: Line 1,278:
|  
|  
| 5/3
| 5/3
| 701.738
| 701.7379
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
| 5-odd-limit minimax, 1/9 schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 9/5
| 9/5
| 701.760
| 701.7596
| 1/10 schisma
| 1/10 schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,348: Line 1,293:
|  
|  
| 13/8
| 13/8
| 701.802
| 701.8022
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/12
| 13/12
| 701.807
| 701.8067
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/9
| 13/9
| 701.811
| 701.8109
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/10
| 13/10
| 701.831
| 701.8314
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 15/13
| 15/13
| 701.836
| 701.8362
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 31\53
| '''[[53edo|31\53]]'''
|  
|  
| 701.8868
| '''701.8868'''
| Upper bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br />2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''Upper bound of 11-, 13-, 15-odd-limit, <br>2.3.5.7.11.13.19 subgroup 19- and 21-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,393: Line 1,338:
|  
|  
| 9/7
| 9/7
| 702.193
| 702.1928
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
| 9-odd-limit minimax, 1/16 septimal schisma
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/6
| 7/6
| 702.209
| 702.2086
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
| 7-odd-limit minimax, 1/15 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,408: Line 1,353:
|  
|  
| 7/4
| 7/4
| 702.227
| 702.2267
| 1/14 septimal schisma
| 1/14 septimal schisma
|-
|-
Line 1,431: Line 1,376:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 24\41
| [[41edo|24\41]]
|  
|  
| 702.4390
| 702.4390
|  
| 41ef val
|-
|-
|  
|  
Line 1,448: Line 1,393:
|  
|  
| 15/14
| 15/14
| 702.778
| 702.7775
|  
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 7/5
| 7/5
| 702.915
| 702.9146
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,461: Line 1,406:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| 17\29
| '''[[29edo|17\29]]'''
|  
|  
| 703.4483
| '''703.4483'''
| Upper bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
| '''29eeff val, upper bound of 9-odd-limit diamond monotone'''
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 13/11
| 13/11
| 703.597
| 703.5968
|  
|  
|}
|}
<nowiki />* Besides the octave
<nowiki/>* Besides the octave


[[Category:Garibaldi| ]] <!-- Main article -->
[[Category:Garibaldi| ]] <!-- Main article -->
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Garibaldi"