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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
{{distinguish|Subgroup temperaments#Historical}}
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
'''Historical temperaments''' are [[temperament]]s which saw use during historical times and places. The term is most commonly used to refer to tunings from medieval, early modern or industrial-age Europe.
: This revision was by author [[User:genewardsmith|genewardsmith]] and made on <tt>2011-09-20 00:30:51 UTC</tt>.<br>
 
: The original revision id was <tt>255947310</tt>.<br>
== Examples ==
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
Here are some examples of historical temperaments. Some of these temperaments saw widespread usage, some saw limited usage, and some were discussed merely as thought experiments. Some were referred to by their current name, while others went by a different name to the modern one, but still described the same mathematical object.
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
 
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
* [[Pythagorean tuning]]
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">
 
[[12edo]]
* [[Meantone]] (sorted by: tuning of [[3/2]], flattest to sharpest)
[[19edo]]
**[[19edo]] (<small>''Costeley 1558''</small>)<ref>''Seigneur Dieu ta pitié'' - Guillaume Costeley, 1558</ref>
[[31edo]]
**'''[[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]]''' (<small>''Salinas 1577''</small>)<ref>''De musica libri septem'' - Francisco de Salinas, 1577</ref>
[[43edo]]
**[[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (<small>''Harrison 1775''</small>)<ref>''Concerning Such Mechanism'' - John Harrison, 1775</ref>
[[55edo]]
**[[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (<small>''Zarlino 1558''</small>)<ref>''Le istitutioni harmoniche'' - Gioseffo Zarlino, 1558</ref>
[[1-3 Syntonic Comma Meantone|1/3 comma meantone]]
**[[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (<small>''Smith 1749''</small>)<ref>''Harmonics, or The philosophy of musical sounds'' - Robert Smith, 1749</ref>
[[Quarter-comma meantone]]
**[[50edo]] (<small>''Henfling 1710''</small>)<ref name="Monzo"> [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meantone.aspx ''Meantone - Tonalsoft'' - Joseph Monzo, 2005]</ref>*
[[1-6 Syntonic Comma Meantone|1/6 comma meantone]]
**[[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (<small>''Woolhouse 1835''</small>)<ref>''Essay on musical intervals'' - Wesley S. B. Woolhouse, 1835</ref>
[[Circulating Temperaments]]
**[[Golden meantone|Golden]] (<small>''Kornerup 1930''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
</pre></div>
**'''[[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]]''' (<small>''Aron 1523''</small>)<ref>''Toscanello de la Musica'' - Pietro Aron, 1523</ref>
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
**[[31edo]] (''<small>Vicentino 1555</small><ref>''L'Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica'' - Nicola Vicentino, 1555</ref><small> (possibly)</small><ref>''Theories of chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late 16th Century Italy - Chromatic systems (or non-systems) from Vicentino to Monteverdi'' - Karol Berger, 1980</ref><small> & Huygens 1691</small>''<ref>''Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique'' - Christiaan Huygens, 1691''</ref>)
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;historical temperaments&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (<small>''Rossi 1666''</small><ref>''Sistema musico ouero Musica speculativa'' - Lemme Rossi, 1666</ref><small> & ''Drobisch 1852''</small><ref>''Über musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur'' - Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch, 1852</ref>)
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/12edo"&gt;12edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[74edo]] (<small>''Riccati 1762''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/19edo"&gt;19edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (<small>''Riccati 1762''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/31edo"&gt;31edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**'''[[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]]''' (<small>''Verheyen c. 1600''</small><ref>Abraham Verheyen's letter to Simon Stevin, c. 1600</ref><small> & ''Sauveur 1701''</small><ref name="Sauveur1">''Archives of the Académie des Sciences, Paris, Procès verbaux, vol. 20'', February through April 1701</ref><ref name="Sauveur2">''Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris, 1701)'', pages 299–366</ref>)
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/43edo"&gt;43edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[43edo]] (<small>''Sauveur 1701''</small>)<ref name="Sauveur1" /><ref name="Sauveur2" />
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/55edo"&gt;55edo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[55edo]] (<small>''Beer <1722''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/1-3%20Syntonic%20Comma%20Meantone"&gt;1/3 comma meantone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**'''[[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]]''' (<small>''Silbermann <1748''</small>)<ref>''Gespräch zwischen einem Musico theoretico und einem Studioso Musices von der Prätorianischen, Printzischen Werkmeisterischen ... Temperatur, wie auch von dem neuen Systemate ... Telemanns zur Beförd. reiner Harmonie.'' - Georg Andreas Sorge, 1748</ref>
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Quarter-comma%20meantone"&gt;Quarter-comma meantone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (<small>''Marsh 1809''</small>)<ref>''Containing the Perfection of Eighteenth-century Temperament, the Lost Art of Nineteenth-century Temperament, and the Science of Equal Temperament, Complete with Instructions for Aural and Electronic Tuning'' - Owen Jorgensen, 1991</ref>*
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/1-6%20Syntonic%20Comma%20Meantone"&gt;1/6 comma meantone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
**'''[[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]]''' (<small>''Romieu 1758''</small>)<ref>''Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey'' p. 126 - James Murray Barbour, 1953</ref>*
&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Circulating%20Temperaments"&gt;Circulating Temperaments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>
**[[12edo]] (<small>''Chu Tsai-yü 1596''</small>)<ref>''Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory'' - Fritz A. Kuttner, 1975</ref>
 
* [[Well temperament]] (sorted by: date described, oldest to youngest)
** [[Fogliano]] (<small>1529</small>)<ref>''Accurate meantone tuning based on Fogliano'' - Claudio Di Veroli, 2018 ([https://www.academia.edu/95315365/Accurate_meantone_tuning_based_on_Fogliano_2018 accessible at Academia.edu])</ref>
** Werckmeister (<small>1691</small>)<ref>''Musicalische Temperatur'' - Andreas Werckmeister, 1691</ref>
*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]
*** [[Werckmeister IV]]
*** [[Werckmeister V]]
*** [[Septenarius]] (Werckmeister VI)
** [[Vallotti]] (<small>1728</small>)<ref>''Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica'' - Francesco Vallotti, written 1728, published 1779</ref>
** Neidhart (<small>1732</small>)<ref>''Sectio canonis harmonici'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1724</ref><ref>''Gäntzlich erschöpfte, mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1732 ([https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10527538?q=%28G%C3%A4ntzlich+ersch%C3%B6pfte,+Mathematische+Abtheilungen+des+Diatonisch-Chromatischen,+temperirten+Canonis+Monochordi%29&page=5 digitized copy])</ref>
*** [[Hof 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Court''</small>)
*** [[Grosse stadt 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Large town''</small>)
*** [[Kleine stadt 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Small town''</small>)
*** [[Dorf 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Village''</small>)
** [[Temperament ordinaire]]
*** D'Alembert (<small>1752</small>)<ref>''Élémens de musique, theorique et pratique, suivant les principes de Monsieur Rameau'' - Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, 1752</ref>
*** Rousseau (<small>1767</small>)<ref>''Dictionnaire de Musique'' - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1767</ref>
** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]] (<small>1774</small>)<ref>''Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik'' - Johaan Philipp Kirnberger, 1774</ref>
*** [[Kirnberger I]]
*** [[Kirnberger II]]
*** [[Kirnberger III]]
** Young<ref>''Philosophical Transactions'' pages 143-147 - Royal Society of London, 1800</ref>
*** [[Young I]] (<small>1800</small>)
*** Young II (<small>''same as [[Vallotti]] 1728''</small>)
 
== See also ==
* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' - a historical (1558) composition for 19edo, important to the history of tuning
* [[Ancient Greek]] musical tradition
** [[Tetrachord]]s
* [[Kellner well temperament]] - Dr [[Herbert Anton Kellner]]'s approximation of Bach's well temperament, from his book ''Wie stimme ich selbst mein Cembalo'' (1975).
* Temperament extradordinaire (a modern temperament inspired by the historical ''Temperament ordinaire'')
** Tempered: [[Qcmte84a]]
** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]
* [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American musical traditions]]
* [[Ibo Ortgies]] - musicologist and historian focusing on historical temperaments
 
== External resources ==
Many of these include diagrams and measurements of historical temperaments:
* [https://unm.academia.edu/FredSturm A Clear and Practical Introduction to Temperament History Parts 1-9 (Fred Sturm)]
* [https://public.websites.umich.edu/~bpl/larips/lindleyortgies.html Bach-Style Keyboard Tuning (Lindley & Ortgies 2006)]
* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/w/page/16830827/Tuning Harpsichords Wiki - Tuning]
* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/f/Neidhardt_1732_Charts.pdf Neidhardt’s 21 temperaments of 1732]
* [http://harpsichords.pbwiki.com/f/Neidhardt_1732_Charts.pdf Neidhardt’s 21 temperaments of 1732] (alternate link in case the first one returns an error)
* [https://www.rollingball.com/images/HT.pdf rollingball.com Historical Temperaments Visualised (PDF version)]
 
== Notes ==
<nowiki>*historical source needed</nowiki>{{todo|research|expand}}
 
<references />
 
[[Category:Lists of temperaments]]
[[Category:Historical]]
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Historical_temperaments"