Pre-Columbian South American music

Pre-Columbian South American music is loosely based around a pentatonic scale.⁠ ⁠^{[citation needed ]} Whether or not this scale deviates from the contemporary 2L 3s pentatonic scale in 12edo is up for debate⁠ ⁠^{[citation needed ]}, though there is much speculation and research indicating that pre-Columbian musicians did not strictly adhere to a single fixed-tuning of this pentatonic scale.⁠ ⁠^{[citation needed ]}

Multimedia sources

South American music

• Music of El Dorado (audio examples)
• Music from the Land of the Jaguar (audio and pictures)

Mesoamerican music

• Jorje Daher, Pre-Columbian Instruments of Mexico (1972) (audio)

General

• José Pérez De Arce, Instrumentos precolombinos (1982) (audio)

Reading list

South American music

• Karl G. Izikowitz, Musical and Other Sound Instruments of the South American Indians (1934)
• Harcourt, Raoul d' and Marguerite d'. La mú sica de los Incas y sus supervivencias. Lima: Occidental Petroleum Corp. of Peru. (1990)
• Bejar, Ana Maria, and Raúl R. Romero. Música, danzas, y máscaras en los Andes. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú: Instituto Riva-Aguero, Proyecto de Preservación de la Música Tradicional Andina. (1993)
• Pre-Columbian Music Of South America - Encyclopedia.com (2024)

Mesoamerican music

• Norman Hammond, Classic Maya Music (1972)
• Gómez, Luis Antonio. El libro de música Mexica a través de los cantares mexicanos. México: Colegio Nacional de Bibliotecarios: Información Científica Internacional (2001)
• Archaeology, Inc. Secrets of the Maya. New York: Hather-leigh Press (2003)
• Pre-Columbian Music Of Mesoamerica - Encyclopedia.com (2024)

General

• Robert Stevenson, Music in Aztec and Inca Territory (1968)
• Sibyl Marcuse, Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary (1975)
• Luis Antonio Escobar, La música precolombina (1985); Instrumentos musicales de América Latina y el Caribe (1988)
• La Música Precolombina Puede Reaparecer - Rodrigo Covacevich (2021)