Harmonic series
The harmonic series (or overtone series) is a sequence of notes generated by whole-number frequency ratios over a fundamental: 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1... ad infinitum. Each member of this series is a harmonic; the term overtone, which is not an exact synonym, is also used in the same sense by many people.
In just intonation theory, the harmonic series is often treated as the foundation of consonance.
The subharmonic series (or undertone series) is the inversion of the harmonic series: 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7... ad infinitum.
Music based on the harmonic series
The chord of nature is the name sometimes given to the harmonic series, or the series up to a certain stopping point, regarded as a chord.
Steps between adjacent members of the harmonic series are called "superparticular," and they appear in the form (n+1)/n (e.g. 4/3, 28/27, 33/32).
One might compose with the harmonic series by, for instance:
- Tuning to the first several harmonics over one fundamental;
- Tuning to an octave-repeating slice of the harmonic series for use as a scale (for instance overtones 8 though 16, 12 through 24, 20 through 40... see overtone scales);
- Tuning to the overtones of the overtones & the undertones of the undertones. (This can produce complex scales such as Harry Partch's 43-tone Monophonic; this kind of thing is more often called "just intonation" than "overtone music".)
Some individual compositions
- Drone Inside An Harmonic Series[dead link] by Norbert Oldani
- Threnody[dead link] play[dead link] by Dave Seidel
- Owllight[dead link] play[dead link] by Dave Seidel
- Palimsest[dead link] play[dead link] by Dave Seidel
- Immanent Sphere[dead link] play[dead link] by William Sethares
- Chord Progression on the Harmonic Overtone Series[dead link] play[dead link] by Dave Hill
- Rock Trio in Harmonic Series play by Chris Vaisvil
- Planetary Ripples[dead link] by Richard Burdick
- Stimmung by Karlheinz Stockhausen
- Symphony No.3 (Gloria)[dead link] by Glenn Branca
- Various by Georg Friedrich Haas
- Various played with Fujara (slovak overtone flute)
- Various by SoundWell ("Snake" overtone flute)
- Various by Spectral Voices (meditative new age with overtone singing)
- Various by Stimmhorn (experimental alphorn and yodeling combined with overtone singing)
See also
- Subharmonic series
- Gallery of just intervals
- Isoharmonic chords
- First Five Octaves of the Harmonic Series
- Overtone scales
- List of overtones
- Prime harmonic series
- Mike Sheiman's Very Easy Scale Building From The Harmonic Series Page
External links
- Spectral music article on Wikipedia
- www.naturton-musik.de[dead link] - web site dedicated to overtone music (by Austrian composer Johannes Kotschy) - a lot of theory material and practical guides to write music based on the overtone series
- Overtone music network - a portal for overtone music.
- Oberton-Netzwerk (Xing)[dead link] - German-speaking group dedicated to overtone music on the social network platform Xing. Microtonal music in general is welcome, too.