Xenharmonic Wiki

List of approaches to musical tuning: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
BudjarnLambeth (talk | contribs)
autopatrolled, emailconfirmed
21,263 edits
m Added an extra line break
Eufalesio (talk | contribs)
autopatrolled
641 edits
m tiny things
 
(57 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{interwiki
{{interwiki
| en = List of approaches to musical tuning
| de =  
| de =  
| en = Approaches to Musical Tuning
| es =  
| es =  
| ja = 調律方法
| ja = 調律方法
}}
}}
Musical [[tuning]] can be approached in many different ways. Here are some of the currently-established theories and approaches:
Musical [[tuning]] can be approached in many different ways. Here are some of the currently-established theories and approaches.


* [[Equal-step tuning]]s: Tunings that use a single interval (and combinations thereof) to form a subtle monoculture of intervals. These include [[edo]]s (equal divisions of the octave), but also many [[nonoctave]] tunings (sometimes called [[edonoi]]).
[[Xen concepts for beginners]] provides a solid foundation to start from in exploring this assortment of tunings.
* [[Regular temperament]]s: (including linear temperaments): a centuries-old practice that has recently undergone a mathematical facelift, in which just intonation is selectively and regularly detuned in various ways, to better meet a variety of compositional desires
 
*[[MOS scale|Moment of symmetry (MOS)]]: Tunings (or better, scales) that use iterations of a generating interval, modulo a period interval, to produce scales of two step-sizes.
== Defined approaches ==
*[[Historical temperaments|Historical western temperaments]]: The (somewhat forgotten) use of [[Pythagorean]] and [[meantone]] tunings and [[well temperament]]s in Western common practice music.
=== Shape-based ===
* Musical traditions of indigenous, ancient, and/or non-Western cultures:
* [[Equal-step tuning]]s: Tunings that use a single interval (and combinations thereof) to form a subtle monoculture of intervals. These include [[edo]]s (equal divisions of the octave), but also [[edonoi]] (equal divisions of [[nonoctave]] intervals).
**[[African]]
* [[MOS scale|Moment of symmetry (MOS)]]: Tunings (or better, scales) that use iterations of a generating interval, modulo a period interval, to produce scales of two step-sizes.
**[[Wikipedia:Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece|Ancient Greek]]
* [[Tetrachord|Tetrachordal scales]]: the use of divided fourths or fifths as building blocks for composition.
**[[Arabic, Turkish, Persian]]
 
** [http://orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chant#The_scale Byzantine]
=== Frequency ratio-based ===
**[[Music of Georgia|Georgian]]
* [[Just intonation]]: The tuning of pitches so that their fundamental frequencies are related by ratios of whole numbers. An infinite world of numerous models:
**[[Indian]] (North, South)
** [[Adaptive just intonation]]
**[[Indonesian]] (Java, Bali)
** [[Combination product sets]]
**[[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American]] (e.g. Maya, Inca, Aztec..)
** [[Detempering]] (including [[ringer scale]]s)
**[[Wikipedia:Music of Thailand|Thai]]
*[[Tetrachord|Tetrachordal scales]]: the use of divided fourths as building blocks for composition.
*[[Isoharmonic chords]]: the use of chords with an equal harmonic difference between the pitches as building blocks for scales.
* [[Just intonation]]: The tuning of pitches so that their fundamental frequencies are related by ratios of whole numbers. An infinite world of numerous models:  
**[[Combination product sets]]
** The [[harmonic series]]
** [[Fokker blocks]]
** [[Fokker blocks]]
** Integer frequency ratios
** The [[harmonic series]] and [[subharmonic series]]
** [[Overtone scale]]s & [[primodality]]
** [[Harmonic limits]] and [[harmonic class]]es
** [[Isoharmonic chord]]s
** [[Just intonation subgroup]]s
** [[NEJI]] scales (near-equal just intonation)
** [[Overtone scale]]s/[[AFDO]]s
** [[Primodality]]
** [[Tonality diamond]]s
** [[Tonality diamond]]s
** [[Tritriadic scale]]s
** Undertone scales/[[IFDO]]s
** etc.
** etc.
* [[Timbral tuning]]: An approach similar to just intonation, but using an instrument's actual, non-harmonic overtone spectrum (e.g. the partials of a metal bar, drum head, or synthesized timbre) to relate frequencies instead of the harmonic series.
* [[Timbral tuning]]: An approach similar to just intonation, but using an instrument's actual, non-harmonic overtone spectrum (e.g. the partials of a metal bar, drum head, or synthesized timbre) to relate frequencies instead of the harmonic series.
* [[Regular temperament]]s (including [[linear temperament]]s): a centuries-old practice that has recently undergone a mathematical facelift, in which just intonation is selectively, regularly and consistently detuned in various ways to better meet a variety of compositional desires; most often making JI easier to navigate by [[tempering out]] [[Comma basis|commas]] to equate similarly sized pitches.
* [[Historical temperaments]]: The (somewhat forgotten) use of [[Pythagorean tuning]], [[meantone]] tunings and historic [[well temperament]]s in Western common practice music.
* [[Xenharmonic series]]: Just intonation but the entire matrix of just intervals is stretched, squished or otherwise warped or manipulated for interesting effect.
=== Musical traditions of indigenous, ancient, and/or non-Western cultures ===
* [[African]] (dozens of distinct traditions)
* [[Ancient Greek]]
* [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian|Arabic]]
* Byzantine
** [http://orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chant#The_scale Orthodox Wiki page]
* [[Wikipedia:Music of Croatia|Croatian]] (including the [[Istrian]] scale)
* [[Equipentatonic]] or [[equiheptatonic]] scales
* [[Music of Georgia|Georgian]]
* [[Indian]] (e.g. North, South)
* [[Indonesian]] (most famously [[gamelan]])
* [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian|Iranian (Persian)]]
* [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American]] (e.g. Maya, Inca, Aztec)
* Thai
** [[Wikipedia:Music of Thailand|Wikipedia page]]
** [https://www.reddit.com/r/GlobalMusicTheory/wiki/thaimusictheory/ r/GlobalMusicTheory reading list]
* [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian|Turkish]]
''Further reading: [https://www.reddit.com/r/GlobalMusicTheory/wiki/index/ the r/GlobalMusicTheory Wiki''].
== Subjective processes ==
The following approaches describe the subjective exploration process or its representations rather than its objective, audible result:
The following approaches describe the subjective exploration process or its representations rather than its objective, audible result:


* [[Empirical]]: This is a form of hands-on field research as opposed to a form of acoustical or scale engineering, where tunings are specifically derived from listening and playing experiments carried out in the pitch continuum.
* [[Contextual Xenharmonics]]: The exploration of why things sound the way they do to some and not others.
* [[Pretty Pictures]] that represent scales in one way or another
* [[Empirical]]: A form of hands-on field research as opposed to a form of acoustical or scale engineering, where tunings are specifically derived from listening and playing experiments carried out in the pitch continuum.
* [[Notation]] (pretty pictures for the purpose of writing music down)
* [[Pretty Pictures]] that represent scales in one way or another.
* [[Nominal-Accidental Chains]] A common approach to notation
* [[Musical notation]]: Pretty pictures for the purpose of writing music down.
* The notion of a [[Scalesmith]] who ''builds'' scales, with various methods, perhaps for single occasions
** [[Nominal-Accidental Chains]]: The most common approach to notation
* The notion of a [[Scalesmith]] who ''builds'' scales, with various methods, perhaps for single occasions.
** Mathematically based scales
** Mathematically based scales
** Acoustically-based scales (resonant frequencies of performance space, for example)
** Acoustically-based scales (resonant frequencies of performance space, for example)
** Scale transformation and stretching
** Scale transformation and stretching
** Counter-intuitive, random, arbitrary scales
** Counter-intuitive, random, or [[:Category:Novelties|arbitrary]] scales
 
== See also ==
* [[Taxonomies of xen approaches]]


[[Category:Overview]]
[[Category:Overview]]
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/List_of_approaches_to_musical_tuning"