Large comma

A large comma is a comma whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.

For commas under 100 cents, see Medium comma for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or Small comma for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see Unnoticeable comma.

Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.

The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.

Disputed status

To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in cents, many of these commas lead to high-damage temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.

Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of JI intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make comma pumps. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

See also: Table of 3-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
26-comma	26wM, Thebiwama	26wM	2541865828329 / 2199023255552	[-41 26⟩	250.83
27-comma	27wama	27wM	8796093022208 / 7625597484987	[43 -27⟩	247.21
Pythagorean whole tone	Wabima	w2M	9 / 8	[-3 2⟩	203.91
43-comma	43wama	43wM		[-68 43⟩	184.07
63-comma	63wama	63wM		[100 -63⟩	176.83
31-comma	31wama, Thiwewama	31wM	617673396283947 / 562949953421312	[-49 31⟩	160.61
22-comma	22wama, Lebiwama	22wM	34359738368 / 31381059609	[35 -22⟩	156.99
19-comma, Pythagorean kleisma, graywood comma	19wama, Newama	19wM	1162261467 / 1073741824	[-30 19⟩	137.15	CompactStar (2024) for graywood comma
Pythagorean apotome, whitewood comma	Lawama	LwM	2187 / 2048	[-11 7⟩	113.69	Mike Battaglia (2010) for whitewood comma
46-comma	46wama	46wM		[73 -46⟩	110.07

5-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents	Named by
Shallowtone comma	Lalayobi	LLy1	295245 / 262144	[-18 10 1⟩	205.86	CompactStar (2024)
Delorean comma	Tribigu	6g3	17496 / 15625	[3 7 -6⟩	195.80
31-3/5-comma	Thiwegu	31g7		[23 31 -31⟩	184.88
Antonian comma	Yo	y2	10 / 9	[1 -2 1⟩	182.40	Xenllium (2026)
5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma	Lala-quadquadyo	LL16y-4	152587890625 / 137438953472	[-37 0 16⟩	181.02
Nadir comma	Lalatrigu	LL3g1	1162261467 / 1048576000	[-23 19 -3⟩	178.20	CompactStar (2024)
Enipucrop comma	Latriyobi	L3y1	1125 / 1024	[-10 2 3⟩	162.85
Supersharp comma	Sayoyo	syy2	800 / 729	[5 -6 2⟩	160.90
Nether comma	Lala-gugu	LLgg1	14348907 / 13107200	[-19 15 -2⟩	156.70	Akselai (2024)
Rarity comma	Quadla-theyo	4L13y-5		[-57 17 13⟩	155.31	Eliora (2023)
Laconic comma	Latrigubi	L3g2	2187 / 2000	[-4 7 -3⟩	154.74
Smate, symbolic comma	Saquadgu	s4g3	2048 / 1875	[11 -1 -4⟩	152.79
Submerged comma			146484375/134217728	[-27 1 11⟩	151.41	Fitzgerald Lee (2025)
Acute limma	Trila-neyobi	3L19y-5	19073486328125 / 17592186044416	[-44 0 19⟩	139.96
31-15-comma	Tritrila-thiweyo	9L31y-11		[-121 31 31⟩	136.33
Deeptone comma, Tragicomma	Lagu	Lg1	177147 / 163840	[-15 11 -1⟩	135.19	CompactStar (2023) for deeptone comma; groundfault (2023) for tragicomma
Bug comma	Gugu	gg2	27 / 25	[0 3 -2⟩	133.24
11-3/5-comma	Leyo	11y-2	48828125 / 45349632	[-8 -11 11⟩	127.95
Audacity comma				[22 -27 9⟩	124.04	Tristan Bay (2026)
27-3/5-comma	Tritritrigu	27g6		[20 27 -27⟩	122.31
Lemba comma	Latribiyo	L6y-2	140625 / 131072	[-17 2 6⟩	121.79
87-15-comma				[340 -87 -87⟩	120.62
Sixix comma	Quinyo	5y1	3125 / 2916	[-2 -6 5⟩	119.84
Diesma	Lathegu	L13g3	10460353203 / 9765625000	[-3 21 -13⟩	118.98
Comic comma	Saquadyobi	s4y2	5120000 / 4782969	[13 -14 4⟩	117.88
Father comma	Gubi	g2	16 / 15	[4 -1 -1⟩	111.73
Beatles comma	Sasa-gugu	ssgg3	524288 / 492075	[19 -9 -2⟩	109.78
300-3/5-comma				[-221 -300 300⟩	107.61
Wronecki comma	Latribigu	L6g2	531441 / 500000	[-5 12 -6⟩	105.58
Migmag comma	Sepgu 3rd	g^7 3	82944 / 78125	[10 4 -7⟩	103.62	Contribution (2026)
Wesley comma	Lasepyobi	L7y-2	78125 / 73728	[-13 -2 7⟩	100.29

7-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma	Satribiru	s6r-2	131072 / 117649	[17 0 0 -6⟩	187.04
45-7/5-comma	Quintritriruyo	45ry-27		[22 0 45 -45⟩	186.95
63-35-comma	Tritribila-septritrizoyo	18L63zy8		[-323 0 63 63⟩	173.80
8-21-comma	Lala-quadbizo	LL8z4	37822859361 / 34359738368	[-35 8 0 8⟩	166.25
46-7-comma	Sepla-twethebizobi	7L46z18		[-129 0 0 46⟩	165.99
25-7/5-comma	Quinquinzogu	25zg17		[-12 0 -25 25⟩	162.80
43-21-comma	Quadtrisa-fotherubi	12s43r-11		[189 -43 0 -43⟩	156.42
Septimal neutral second, octave-reduced 35th harmonic	Zoyo	zy2	35 / 32	[-5 0 1 1⟩	155.14
43-7/5-comma	Fotheruyo	43ry-26		[21 0 43 -43⟩	151.98
Swetismic neutral second	Zozogu	zzg3	49 / 45	[0 -2 -1 2⟩	147.43
Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma	Sasa-leru	ss11r-4	2147483648 / 1977326743	[31 0 0 -11⟩	142.92
Septimal subtone	Larubi	Lr1	243 / 224	[-5 5 0 -1⟩	140.95
55-35-comma	Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi	16L55zy7		[-282 0 55 55⟩	132.68
27-7/5-comma	Tritritrizogu	27zg18		[-13 0 -27 27⟩	127.83
41-7-comma	Tribila-fowezo	6L41z16		[-115 0 0 41⟩	121.86
13-21-comma	Quadla-thezobi	4L13z5		[-57 13 0 13⟩	120.15
Septimal major semitone	Ruyo	ry1	15 / 14	[-1 1 1 -1⟩	119.44
Primate comma	Saru	sr2	16384 / 15309	[14 -7 0 -1⟩	117.49
41-7/5-comma	Foweruyo	41ry-25		[20 0 41 -41⟩	117.00
7-35-comma	Sasa-seprugu	ss7rg1	68719476736 / 64339296875	[36 0 -7 -7⟩	114.02
38-21-comma	Lesa-nebiru	11s38r-10		[167 -38 0 -38⟩	110.33
3-9/7-comma	Triru	3r-2	729 / 686	[-1 6 0 -3⟩	105.25

11-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma	Quinla-letrilobi	5L33(1o)-7		[-114 0 0 0 33⟩	193.49
4/5-tone, Ptolemy's second	Logu	1og2	11 / 10	[-1 0 -1 0 1⟩	165.00
11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma	Latritrilo	L9(1o)-2	2357947691 / 2147483648	[-31 0 0 0 9⟩	161.86
3/4-tone, undecimal neutral second	Lu	1u2	12 / 11	[2 1 0 0 -1⟩	150.64
Undecimal secor	Lozo	1oz2	77 / 72	[-3 -2 0 1 1⟩	116.23

13-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
13-cycle neutral second	Quadbila-fithethobi	8L53(3o)7		[-196 0 0 0 0 53⟩	147.97
Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second	Tho	3o2	13 / 12	[-2 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	138.57
Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird	Thuzo	3uz2	14 / 13	[1 0 0 1 0 -1⟩	128.30
Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor	Sasepthu	s7(3u)1	67108864 / 62748517	[26 0 0 0 0 -7⟩	116.31
Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma	Sasa-sethubi	ss17(3u)-2		[63 0 0 0 0 -17⟩	111.03

17-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
17-limit rational eventone	Sogubi	17og3	17 / 15	[0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	216.69
Large septendecimal semitone, octave-reduced 17th harmonic	Iso	17o2	17 / 16	[-4 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	104.96

19-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
19-cycle meantone prima	Tribila-foweno	6L41(19o)13		[-174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41⟩	198.03
Undevicesimal rational meantone	Nosu	19o17u2	19 / 17	[0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1⟩	192.56
19-cycle meantone secunda	Tribila-quintritrino	6L45(19o)14		[-191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45⟩	188.09
19-cycle minor tone	Sepla-sepsepno	7L49(19o)15		[-208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49⟩	178.14
Undevicesimal rational submajor second	Nuzo	19uz2	21 / 19	[0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1⟩	173.27
19-cycle submajor second	Quadbila-fithenobi	8L53(19o)16		[-225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53⟩	168.19
Dog comma	Inu	19u1	81 / 76	[-2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	110.31

23-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Large vicesimotertial neutral second	Twethoru	23or2	23 / 21	[0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1⟩	157.49
Small vicesimotertial neutral second	Twethuyoyo	23uyy1	25 / 23	[0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	144.35
Octave-reduced 69th harmonic	Twetho	23o2	69 / 64	[-6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	130.23

Higher-limit commas

Name(s)	Color name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Octave-reduced 29th subharmonic	Twenu	29u2	32 / 29	2.29 [5 -1⟩	170.42