Harmonic limit: Difference between revisions

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== Prime limits as subgroups ==
== Prime limits as subgroups ==
Prime limits are essentially [[just intonation subgroups]] that do not skip any primes. For any prime number ''p'', the ''p''-limit creates a well-defined mathematical structure, called ''[[free abelian group]]''. This structure has a dimension (or rank) equal to the number of prime numbers less than or equal to ''p''. For example, the [[7-limit]] works with intervals built from the primes 2, 3, 5, and 7, so it has 4 dimensions.
Prime limits are essentially [[just intonation subgroups]] that do not skip any primes. For any prime number ''p'', the ''p''-limit creates a well-defined mathematical structure, called ''{{w|free abelian group}}''. This structure has a dimension (or rank) equal to the number of prime numbers less than or equal to ''p''. For example, the [[7-limit]] works with intervals built from the primes 2, 3, 5, and 7, so it has 4 dimensions.


Often, composers and theorists find it more practical to work with smaller subsets of a prime limit rather than using all possible intervals within that limit. This becomes increasingly important for higher limits, as the number of practical tuning systems that can reasonably approximate the full set of intervals diminishes. For discussing these subsets that exist within a larger prime limit, some theorists use the term "''p''-horizon" to refer to the collection of all possible subsets within a ''p''-limit.
Often, composers and theorists find it more practical to work with smaller subsets of a prime limit rather than using all possible intervals within that limit. This becomes increasingly important for higher limits, as the number of practical tuning systems that can reasonably approximate the full set of intervals diminishes. For discussing these subsets that exist within a larger prime limit, some theorists use the term "''p''-horizon" to refer to the collection of all possible subsets within a ''p''-limit.


== Harmonic class ==
== Proper harmonic limit ==
While harmonic limit encompasses all ratios up to a given prime, '''harmonic class''' ('''HC''') classifies JI ratios based only based on the ''highest'' prime they contain in either the numerator or denominator. Equivalently, it is all of the intervals of a prime limit that are not found in a lower prime limit.
While harmonic limit encompasses all ratios up to a given prime, '''proper harmonic limit''' classifies JI ratios based only based on the ''highest'' prime they contain in either the numerator or denominator. Equivalently, it is all of the intervals of a prime limit that are not found in a lower prime limit. It has been called '''harmonic class''' or '''HC'''.


A ratio belongs to harmonic class ''n'' (HC-''n'') if and only if n is the highest prime number found in its factorization. For example:
A ratio belongs to the proper ''p''-prime limit if and only if ''p'' is the highest prime number found in its factorization. For example:
* [[7/4]] is HC7 because 7 is the highest prime in its factorization.
* [[7/4]] is proper 7-limit because 7 is the highest prime in its factorization.
* [[5/4]] is HC5, not HC7, even though it's within the 7-limit.
* [[5/4]] is proper 5-limit, not proper 7-limit, even though it's within the 7-limit.
* [[9/7]] is HC7 because the highest prime is 7 (since {{nowrap| 9 {{=}} 3<sup>2</sup> }}).
* [[9/7]] is proper 7-limit because the highest prime is 7 (since {{nowrap| 9 {{=}} 3<sup>2</sup> }}).


This distinction helps differentiate between intervals that merely fall within a limit versus those that specifically use a particular prime. Unlike harmonic limits, harmonic classes are mutually exclusive categories.
This distinction helps differentiate between intervals that merely fall within a limit versus those that specifically use a particular prime. Unlike regular harmonic limits, proper harmonic limits are mutually exclusive categories.


== Alternative classification systems ==
== Alternative classification systems ==
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== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Harmonic class]]
* [[Odd limit]]
* [[Odd limit]]
* [[Cubic and octahedral limits]]
* [[Prime minimum]]
* [[Prime minimum]]
* [[Harmonic class]]
* [[Wikipedia: Størmer's theorem]]
* [[Wikipedia: Størmer's theorem]]