Wikispaces>Andrew_Heathwaite |
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| <h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
| | '''88-cent equal temperament''' ('''88cET''', also known as '''1ed88¢''' or '''APS88¢''') uses equal steps of 88 [[cent]]s each. It is equivalent to 13.6364edo, and is a subset of [[150edo]] (every eleventh step). |
| This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
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| : This revision was by author [[User:Andrew_Heathwaite|Andrew_Heathwaite]] and made on <tt>2010-09-27 13:05:37 UTC</tt>.<br>
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| : The original revision id was <tt>165734929</tt>.<br>
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| : The revision comment was: <tt>added table - incomplete as of now</tt><br>
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| The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
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| <h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
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| <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">=88cET=
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| ==Theory== | | == Theory == |
| | 88-cent [[Equal-step tuning|equal temperament]] uses 88 cents, or 11\150 of an octave, to generate a [[nonoctave]] rank-1 scale. Since the 88-cent step is an excellent generator for the [[octacot]] temperament, it can be viewed as the generator chain of octacot, stripped of octaves. However viewed, octacot and 88-cent equal temperament are very closely related, and the chords of 88-cent equal temperament are listed on the page [[Chords of octacot]]. From this it may be seen that octacot, and hence 88 cent equal temperament , share an abundance of [[essentially tempered chord]]s. |
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| 88 cent equal temperament uses 88 cents, or 11/150 of an octave, to generate a nonoctave rank one scale. Since 88 cents is an excellent generator for [[Tetracot family|octacot temperament]], it can be viewed as the generator chain of octacot, stripped of octaves. However viewed, octacot and 88 cents equal temperament are very closely related. | | Eight steps of 88 cents gives 704 cents, two cents sharp of 3/2, and eighteen gives 1584 cents, two cents flat of 5/2. Taken together this tells us that (5/2)<sup>4</sup>/(3/2)<sup>9</sup> = [[20000/19683]], the minimal diesis or tetracot comma, must be being tempered out. Eleven steps of 88 cents gives 968 cents, less than a cent flat of 7/4, and this tells us that (7/4)<sup>8</sup>/(3/2)<sup>11</sup> = 5764801/5668704 must be tempered out also. Taking this, multiplying it by the tetracot comma and taking the fourth root yields [[245/243]], which therefore must be tempered out also. The tetracot comma and 245/243 taken together define 7-limit octacot. |
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| Eight steps of 88 cents gives 704 cents, two cents sharp of 3/2, and eighteen gives 1584 cents, two cents flat of 5/2. Taken together this tells us that (5/2)^4/(3/2)^9 = 20000/19683, the minimal diesis or tetracot comma, must be being tempered out. Eleven steps of 88 cents gives 968 cents, less than a cent flat of 7/4, and this tells us that (7/4)^8/(3/2)^11 = 5764801/5668704 must be tempered out also. Taking this, multiplying it by the tetracot comma and taking the fourth root yields 245/243, which therefore must be tempered out also. The tetracot comma and 245/243 taken together define 7-limit octacot.
| | Continuing on, twenty steps of 88 cents gives 1760 cents, which we may compare to the 1751.3 cents of 11/4 and suggests [[100/99]] being tempered out, and four steps gives 352 cents, which may be compared to the 359.5 cents of 16/13, and suggests [[325/324]] being tempered out. These would give an extended octacot, for which 88 cents would be an excellent generator tuning. |
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| Continuing on, twenty steps of 88 cents gives 1760 cents, whioh we may compare to the 1751.3 cents of 11/4 and suggests 100/99 being tempered out, and four steps gives 352 cents, which may be compared to the 359.5 cents of 16/13, and suggestes 325/324 being tempered out. These would give an extended octacot, for which 88 cents would be an excellent generator tuning.
| | === Harmonics === |
| | {{Harmonics in cet|88}} |
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| ==Intervals== | | == The 88cET family == |
| | [[Gary Morrison]] originally conceived of 88-cent equal temperament as composed of steps of exactly 88¢. Nonetheless, composers have recognized a kinship between strict 88cET and some other scales – in particular, the 41ed8 (equivalent to taking three steps of [[41edo]] as a generator with no octaves), the 68ed32 (taking every 5 steps of [[68edo]]), the 109ed256 (taking every 8 steps of [[109edo]]), the 150ed2048 (taking every 11 steps of [[150edo]] i.e. the strict 88cET), the [[8edf]], and the 11ed7/4, the latter being a preferred variant of composer and software designer [[X. J. Scott]]. These cousins of strict 88cET have single steps of approximately 87.805¢, 88.235¢, 88.073¢, 88¢, 87.744¢, and 88.075¢, respectively. These small differences add up, as can be seen by examining the interval list below. |
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| 88cET is considered a very consonant tuning, and you will find that many of its intervals fall very close to simple ratios in 7- and 11-limit just intonation. It is also extremely close to [[41edo]], which is itself extremely close to the 8th root of 3:2 (a perfect fifth divided into exactly 8 logarithmically equal steps). See chart: | | == Intervals == |
| | {{todo|cleanup|inline=true}} |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | |- |
| | ! Degree |
| | ! 11ed7/4 |
| | ! 88cET |
| | ! 41ed8 |
| | ! 8edf |
| | ! Solfege <br>syllable |
| | ! Some Nearby <br>JI Intervals |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="6" | first octave |
| | ! |
| | |- |
| | | 0 |
| | | 0 |
| | | 0 |
| | | 0 |
| | | 0 |
| | | do |
| | | 1/1=0 |
| | |- |
| | | 1 |
| | | 88.075 |
| | | 88 |
| | | 87.805 |
| | | 87.744 |
| | | rih |
| | | 22/21=80.537, 21/20=84.467, 20/19=88.801, 19/18=93.603 |
| | |- |
| | | 2 |
| | | 176.15 |
| | | 176 |
| | | 175.610 |
| | | 175.489 |
| | | reh |
| | | [[11/10]]=165.004, 21/19=173.268, [[10/9]]=182.404 |
| | |- |
| | | 3 |
| | | 264.225 |
| | | 264 |
| | | 263.415 |
| | | 263.233 |
| | | ma |
| | | [[7/6]]=266.871 |
| | |- |
| | | 4 |
| | | 352.3 |
| | | 352 |
| | | 351.220 |
| | | 350.978 |
| | | mu |
| | | [[11/9]]=347.408, 27/22=354.547, 16/13=359.472 |
| | |- |
| | | 5 |
| | | 440.375 |
| | | 440 |
| | | 439.024 |
| | | 438.722 |
| | | mo |
| | | 32/25=427.373, [[9/7]]=435.084, [[22/17]]=446.363 |
| | |- |
| | | 6 |
| | | 528.45 |
| | | 528 |
| | | 526.829 |
| | | 526.466 |
| | | fih |
| | | [[19/14]]=528.687, 49/36=533.742, [[15/11]]=536.95 |
| | |- |
| | | 7 |
| | | 616.526 |
| | | 616 |
| | | 614.634 |
| | | 614.211 |
| | | se |
| | | [[10/7]]=617.488 |
| | |- |
| | | 8 |
| | | 704.601 |
| | | 704 |
| | | 702.439 |
| | | 701.955 |
| | | sol |
| | | [[3/2]]=701.955 |
| | |- |
| | | 9 |
| | | 792.676 |
| | | 792 |
| | | 790.244 |
| | | 789.699 |
| | | leh |
| | | [[11/7]]=782.492, 30/19=790.756, 128/81=792.180, [[19/12]]=795.558, 27/17=800.910, [[8/5]]=813.686 |
| | |- |
| | | 10 |
| | | 880.751 |
| | | 880 |
| | | 878.049 |
| | | 877.444 |
| | | la |
| | | [[5/3]]=884.359 |
| | |- |
| | | 11 |
| | | 968.826 |
| | | 968 |
| | | 965.854 |
| | | 965.188 |
| | | ta |
| | | [[7/4]]=968.826 |
| | |- |
| | | 12 |
| | | 1056.901 |
| | | 1056 |
| | | 1053.659 |
| | | 1052.933 |
| | | tu |
| | | [[11/6]]=1049.363, 35/19=1057.627, 24/13=1061.427 |
| | |- |
| | | 13 |
| | | 1144.976 |
| | | 1144 |
| | | 1141.463 |
| | | 1140.677 |
| | | to |
| | | 27/14=1137.039, 31/16=1145.036 |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="6" | second octave |
| | ! |
| | |- |
| | | 14 |
| | | 33.051 |
| | | 32 |
| | | 29.268 |
| | | 28.421 |
| | | di |
| | | 65/64=26.841, 64/63=27.264, 63/62=27.700, 58/57=30.109 |
| | |- |
| | | 15 |
| | | 121.126 |
| | | 120 |
| | | 117.073 |
| | | 116.166 |
| | | ra |
| | | 16/15=111.731, 15/14=119.443, 14/13=128.298 |
| | |- |
| | | 16 |
| | | 209.201 |
| | | 208 |
| | | 204.878 |
| | | 203.910 |
| | | re |
| | | 9/8=203.910 |
| | |- |
| | | 17 |
| | | 297.276 |
| | | 296 |
| | | 292.683 |
| | | 291.654 |
| | | meh |
| | | 13/11=289.210, 32/27=294.135, 19/16=297.513 |
| | |- |
| | | 18 |
| | | 385.351 |
| | | 384 |
| | | 380.488 |
| | | 379.399 |
| | | mi |
| | | 5/4=386.314 |
| | |- |
| | | 19 |
| | | 473.427 |
| | | 472 |
| | | 468.293 |
| | | 467.143 |
| | | fe |
| | | 17/13=464.428, 21/16=470.781 |
| | |- |
| | | 20 |
| | | 561.502 |
| | | 560 |
| | | 556.098 |
| | | 554.888 |
| | | fu |
| | | 11/8=551.318, 18/13=563.382 |
| | |- |
| | | 21 |
| | | 649.577 |
| | | 648 |
| | | 643.902 |
| | | 642.632 |
| | | su |
| | | 16/11=648.682 |
| | |- |
| | | 22 |
| | | 737.652 |
| | | 736 |
| | | 731.707 |
| | | 730.376 |
| | | si |
| | | 32/21=729.219, 26/17=735.572, 49/32=737.652 |
| | |- |
| | | 23 |
| | | 825.727 |
| | | 824 |
| | | 819.512 |
| | | 818.121 |
| | | le |
| | | 8/5=813.686, 45/28=821.398, 21/13=830.253 |
| | |- |
| | | 24 |
| | | 913.802 |
| | | 912 |
| | | 907.317 |
| | | 905.865 |
| | | laa |
| | | 42/25=898.153, 32/19=902.487, 27/16=905.865, 22/13=910.790, 17/10=918.642 |
| | |- |
| | | 25 |
| | | 1001.877 |
| | | 1000 |
| | | 995.122 |
| | | 993.609 |
| | | teh |
| | | 39/22=991.165, 16/9=996.090, 25/14=1003.802, 34/19=1007.442 |
| | |- |
| | | 26 |
| | | 1089.952 |
| | | 1088 |
| | | 1082.927 |
| | | 1081.354 |
| | | ti |
| | | 28/15=1080.557, 15/8=1088.269 |
| | |- |
| | | 27 |
| | | 1178.027 |
| | | 1176 |
| | | 1170.732 |
| | | 1169.098 |
| | | da |
| | | 63/32=1172.736, 160/81=1178.494 |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="6" | third octave |
| | ! |
| | |- |
| | | 28 |
| | | 66.102 |
| | | 64 |
| | | 58.537 |
| | | 56.843 |
| | | ro |
| | | 33/3253.273, 28/27=62.961, 80/77=66.170, 27/26=65.337 |
| | |- |
| | | 29 |
| | | 154.177 |
| | | 152 |
| | | 146.341 |
| | | 144.587 |
| | | ru |
| | | 49/45=147.428, 12/11=150.637, 35/32=155.140 |
| | |- |
| | | 30 |
| | | 242.252 |
| | | 240 |
| | | 234.146 |
| | | 232.331 |
| | | ri |
| | | 8/7=231.174, 23/20=241.961, 15/13=247.741 |
| | |- |
| | | 31 |
| | | 330.328 |
| | | 328 |
| | | 321.951 |
| | | 320.076 |
| | | me |
| | | 6/5=315.641, 23/19=330.761 |
| | |- |
| | | 32 |
| | | 418.403 |
| | | 416 |
| | | 409.756 |
| | | 407.820 |
| | | maa |
| | | 81/64=407.820, 33/26=412.745, 14/11=417.508 |
| | |- |
| | | 33 |
| | | 506.478 |
| | | 504 |
| | | 497.561 |
| | | 495.564 |
| | | fa |
| | | 85/64=491.269, 4/3=498.045, 75/56=505.757 |
| | |- |
| | | 34 |
| | | 594.553 |
| | | 592 |
| | | 585.366 |
| | | 583.309 |
| | | fi |
| | | 7/5=582.512, 45/32=590.224, 38/27=591.648 |
| | |- |
| | | 35 |
| | | 682.628 |
| | | 680 |
| | | 673.171 |
| | | 671.053 |
| | | sih |
| | | 28/19=671.313, 40/27=680.449 |
| | |- |
| | | 36 |
| | | 770.703 |
| | | 768 |
| | | 760.976 |
| | | 758.798 |
| | | lo |
| | | 17/11=753.637, 99/64=755.228, 14/9=764.916, 39/25=769.855, 25/16=772.627 |
| | |- |
| | | 37 |
| | | 858.778 |
| | | 856 |
| | | 848.780 |
| | | 846.542 |
| | | lu |
| | | 13/8=840.528, 18/11=852.592 |
| | |- |
| | | 38 |
| | | 946.853 |
| | | 944 |
| | | 936.585 |
| | | 934.286 |
| | | li |
| | | 12/7=933.129, 19/11=946.195 |
| | |- |
| | | 39 |
| | | 1034.928 |
| | | 1032 |
| | | 1024.390 |
| | | 1022.031 |
| | | te |
| | | 9/5=1017.596, 49/27=1031.787, 20/11=1034.996 |
| | |- |
| | | 40 |
| | | 1123.003 |
| | | 1120 |
| | | 1112.195 |
| | | 1109.775 |
| | | taa |
| | | 36/19=1106.397, 243/128=1109.775, 19/10=1111.199, 21/11=1119.463 |
| | |- |
| | ! colspan="6" | fourth octave (near match) |
| | ! |
| | |- |
| | | 41 |
| | | 11.078 |
| | | 8 |
| | | 0 |
| | | 1197.59 |
| | | do |
| | | 1/1=0, 2/1=1200 |
| | |} |
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| ||~ Degree ||~ 88cET ||~ 41edo ||~ 8th Root of 3:2 ||~ Some Nearby JI Intervals ||
| | == Scales == |
| || 0 || 88 || 87.805 || || ||
| | * [[Symmetrical scales of 88cET]] |
| || 1 || 176 || 175.610 || || ||
| |
| || 2 || 264 || 263.415 || || ||
| |
| || 3 || 352 || 351.220 || || ||
| |
| || 4 || 440 || 439.024 || || ||
| |
| || 5 || 528 || 526.829 || || ||
| |
| || 6 || 616 || 614.634 || || ||
| |
| || 7 || 704 || 702.439 || 701.955 || ||
| |
| || 8 || 792 || 790.244 || || ||
| |
| || 9 || 880 || 878.049 || || ||
| |
| || 10 || 968 || 965.854 || || ||
| |
| || 11 || 1056 || 1053.659 || || ||
| |
| || 12 || 1144 || 1141.463 || || ||
| |
| ||||||||||~ second octave ||
| |
| || 13 || 32 || 29.268 || || ||
| |
| || 14 || 120 || || || ||
| |
| || 15 || 208 || || || ||
| |
| || 16 || 296 || || || ||
| |
| || 17 || 384 || || || ||
| |
| || 18 || 472 || || || ||
| |
| || 19 || 560 || || || ||
| |
| || 20 || 648 || || || ||
| |
| || 21 || 736 || || || ||
| |
| || 22 || 824 || || || ||
| |
| || 23 || 912 || || || ||
| |
| || 24 || 1000 || || || ||
| |
| || 25 || 1088 || || || ||
| |
| || 26 || 1176 || || || ||
| |
| ||||||||||~ third octave ||
| |
| || 27 || 64 || || || ||
| |
| || 28 || 152 || || || ||
| |
| || 29 || 240 || || || ||
| |
| || 30 || 328 || || || ||
| |
| || 31 || 416 || || || ||
| |
| || 32 || 504 || || || ||
| |
| || 33 || 592 || || || ||
| |
| || 34 || 680 || || || ||
| |
| || 35 || 768 || || || ||
| |
| || 36 || 856 || || || ||
| |
| || 37 || 944 || || || ||
| |
| || 38 || 1032 || || || ||
| |
| || 39 || 1120 || || || ||
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| ||||||||||~ fourth octave (near match) ||
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| || 40 || 8 || || || ||
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| ==Compositions== | | == Music == |
| [[http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88east.mp3|88 East]] by [[Carlo Serafini]] | | ; [[Carlo Serafini]] |
| [[http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88vocoeast.mp3|88 VocoEast]] by [[Carlo Serafini]]
| | * [http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88east.mp3 88 East] |
| [[http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88Bulgarians.mp3|88 Bulgarians]] by [[Carlo Serafini]] ([[http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/9660ca3450a996ea8b55713cbf36151f-15.html|blog entry]])
| | * [http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88vocoeast.mp3 88 VocoEast] |
| [[http://www.seraph.it/dep/int/88jinglebells.mp3|88 Jingle Bells]] by [[Carlo Serafini]] ([[http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/495ec175ce56cf38cb399d1cd24db164-17.html|blog entry]])</pre></div>
| | * [http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88Bulgarians.mp3 88 Bulgarians] ([http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/9660ca3450a996ea8b55713cbf36151f-15.html blog entry]) |
| <h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
| | * [http://www.seraph.it/dep/int/88jinglebells.mp3 88 Jingle Bells] ([http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/495ec175ce56cf38cb399d1cd24db164-17.html blog entry]) |
| <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>88cET</title></head><body><!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&lt;h1&gt; --><h1 id="toc0"><a name="x88cET"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->88cET</h1>
| | * [http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/The88thDoor.mp3 The 88th Door] ([http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/927f59ac10125056bcf7871636f246a6-302.html blog entry]) |
| <br />
| |
| <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:2:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc1"><a name="x88cET-Theory"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:2 -->Theory</h2>
| |
| <br />
| |
| 88 cent equal temperament uses 88 cents, or 11/150 of an octave, to generate a nonoctave rank one scale. Since 88 cents is an excellent generator for <a class="wiki_link" href="/Tetracot%20family">octacot temperament</a>, it can be viewed as the generator chain of octacot, stripped of octaves. However viewed, octacot and 88 cents equal temperament are very closely related.<br />
| |
| <br />
| |
| Eight steps of 88 cents gives 704 cents, two cents sharp of 3/2, and eighteen gives 1584 cents, two cents flat of 5/2. Taken together this tells us that (5/2)^4/(3/2)^9 = 20000/19683, the minimal diesis or tetracot comma, must be being tempered out. Eleven steps of 88 cents gives 968 cents, less than a cent flat of 7/4, and this tells us that (7/4)^8/(3/2)^11 = 5764801/5668704 must be tempered out also. Taking this, multiplying it by the tetracot comma and taking the fourth root yields 245/243, which therefore must be tempered out also. The tetracot comma and 245/243 taken together define 7-limit octacot. <br />
| |
| <br />
| |
| Continuing on, twenty steps of 88 cents gives 1760 cents, whioh we may compare to the 1751.3 cents of 11/4 and suggests 100/99 being tempered out, and four steps gives 352 cents, which may be compared to the 359.5 cents of 16/13, and suggestes 325/324 being tempered out. These would give an extended octacot, for which 88 cents would be an excellent generator tuning.<br />
| |
| <br />
| |
| <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc2"><a name="x88cET-Intervals"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->Intervals</h2>
| |
| <br />
| |
| 88cET is considered a very consonant tuning, and you will find that many of its intervals fall very close to simple ratios in 7- and 11-limit just intonation. It is also extremely close to <a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo">41edo</a>, which is itself extremely close to the 8th root of 3:2 (a perfect fifth divided into exactly 8 logarithmically equal steps). See chart:<br />
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
|
| | ; [[Chris Vaisvil]] |
| | * [http://micro.soonlabel.com/88cent_nonoctave/STE-004_88_cent_guitar.mp3 88 cent guitar improvisation] |
| | * [http://micro.soonlabel.com/88cent_nonoctave/Prelude_in_88_Cent_Tuning.mp3 A Simple Prelude for 88 Cent Piano] ([http://micro.soonlabel.com/88cent_nonoctave/A_Simple_Prelude_in_88_Cent_Tuning.pdf scordata]) |
|
| |
|
| <table class="wiki_table">
| | ; [[Mundoworld]] |
| <tr>
| | * "To Become Water" from ''Mundoworld III'' (2021) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/39gEeGXprXGbAnbq0iyjMF Spotify] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBv9c_qlFEk YouTube] |
| <th>Degree<br />
| | * "Mirage Passage" from ''Mirage Passage'' (2024) – [https://open.spotify.com/track/2hAyfHr9XPG96SZPvBNHPP Spotify] | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWgmmK80I9U YouTube] |
| </th>
| |
| <th>88cET<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| <th>41edo<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| <th>8th Root of 3:2<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| <th>Some Nearby JI Intervals<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>0<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>88<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>87.805<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>1<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>176<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>175.610<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>2<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>264<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>263.415<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>3<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>352<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>351.220<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>4<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>440<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>439.024<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>5<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>528<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>526.829<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>6<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>616<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>614.634<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>7<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>704<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>702.439<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>701.955<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>8<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>792<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>790.244<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>9<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>880<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>878.049<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>10<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>968<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>965.854<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>11<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1056<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1053.659<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>12<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1144<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1141.463<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <th colspan="5">second octave<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>13<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>32<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>29.268<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>14<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>120<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>15<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>208<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>16<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>296<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>17<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>384<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>18<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>472<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>19<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>560<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>20<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>648<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>21<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>736<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>22<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>824<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>23<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>912<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>24<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1000<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>25<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1088<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>26<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1176<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <th colspan="5">third octave<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>27<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>64<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>28<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>152<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>29<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>240<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>30<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>328<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>31<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>416<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>32<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>504<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>33<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>592<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>34<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>680<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>35<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>768<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>36<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>856<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>37<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>944<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>38<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1032<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>39<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>1120<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <th colspan="5">fourth octave (near match)<br />
| |
| </th>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td>40<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td>8<br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td><br />
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| </table>
| |
|
| |
|
| <br />
| | == Further reading == |
| <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc3"><a name="x88cET-Compositions"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->Compositions</h2>
| | * [[Gary Morrison]]’s 2001 [https://soundcloud.com/mr88cet/sets/88cet-lecture-demo-gary-morrison-june-2001 lecture about 88cET] |
| <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88east.mp3" rel="nofollow">88 East</a> by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Carlo%20Serafini">Carlo Serafini</a><br />
| | |
| <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88vocoeast.mp3" rel="nofollow">88 VocoEast</a> by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Carlo%20Serafini">Carlo Serafini</a><br />
| | [[Category:Equal-step tuning]] |
| <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/dep/det/88Bulgarians.mp3" rel="nofollow">88 Bulgarians</a> by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Carlo%20Serafini">Carlo Serafini</a> (<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/9660ca3450a996ea8b55713cbf36151f-15.html" rel="nofollow">blog entry</a>)<br />
| |
| <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/dep/int/88jinglebells.mp3" rel="nofollow">88 Jingle Bells</a> by <a class="wiki_link" href="/Carlo%20Serafini">Carlo Serafini</a> (<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.seraph.it/blog_files/495ec175ce56cf38cb399d1cd24db164-17.html" rel="nofollow">blog entry</a>)</body></html></pre></div>
| |
88-cent equal temperament (88cET, also known as 1ed88¢ or APS88¢) uses equal steps of 88 cents each. It is equivalent to 13.6364edo, and is a subset of 150edo (every eleventh step).
Theory
88-cent equal temperament uses 88 cents, or 11\150 of an octave, to generate a nonoctave rank-1 scale. Since the 88-cent step is an excellent generator for the octacot temperament, it can be viewed as the generator chain of octacot, stripped of octaves. However viewed, octacot and 88-cent equal temperament are very closely related, and the chords of 88-cent equal temperament are listed on the page Chords of octacot. From this it may be seen that octacot, and hence 88 cent equal temperament , share an abundance of essentially tempered chords.
Eight steps of 88 cents gives 704 cents, two cents sharp of 3/2, and eighteen gives 1584 cents, two cents flat of 5/2. Taken together this tells us that (5/2)4/(3/2)9 = 20000/19683, the minimal diesis or tetracot comma, must be being tempered out. Eleven steps of 88 cents gives 968 cents, less than a cent flat of 7/4, and this tells us that (7/4)8/(3/2)11 = 5764801/5668704 must be tempered out also. Taking this, multiplying it by the tetracot comma and taking the fourth root yields 245/243, which therefore must be tempered out also. The tetracot comma and 245/243 taken together define 7-limit octacot.
Continuing on, twenty steps of 88 cents gives 1760 cents, which we may compare to the 1751.3 cents of 11/4 and suggests 100/99 being tempered out, and four steps gives 352 cents, which may be compared to the 359.5 cents of 16/13, and suggests 325/324 being tempered out. These would give an extended octacot, for which 88 cents would be an excellent generator tuning.
Harmonics
Approximation of harmonics in 1ed88c
| Harmonic
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
| Error
|
Absolute (¢)
|
+32.0
|
+34.0
|
-24.0
|
+29.7
|
-22.0
|
-24.8
|
+8.0
|
-19.9
|
-26.3
|
-15.3
|
+10.0
|
| Relative (%)
|
+36.4
|
+38.7
|
-27.3
|
+33.7
|
-24.9
|
-28.2
|
+9.1
|
-22.6
|
-29.9
|
-17.4
|
+11.4
|
| Step
|
14
|
22
|
27
|
32
|
35
|
38
|
41
|
43
|
45
|
47
|
49
|
The 88cET family
Gary Morrison originally conceived of 88-cent equal temperament as composed of steps of exactly 88¢. Nonetheless, composers have recognized a kinship between strict 88cET and some other scales – in particular, the 41ed8 (equivalent to taking three steps of 41edo as a generator with no octaves), the 68ed32 (taking every 5 steps of 68edo), the 109ed256 (taking every 8 steps of 109edo), the 150ed2048 (taking every 11 steps of 150edo i.e. the strict 88cET), the 8edf, and the 11ed7/4, the latter being a preferred variant of composer and software designer X. J. Scott. These cousins of strict 88cET have single steps of approximately 87.805¢, 88.235¢, 88.073¢, 88¢, 87.744¢, and 88.075¢, respectively. These small differences add up, as can be seen by examining the interval list below.
Intervals
|
Todo: cleanup
|
| Degree
|
11ed7/4
|
88cET
|
41ed8
|
8edf
|
Solfege syllable
|
Some Nearby JI Intervals
|
| first octave
|
|
| 0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
do
|
1/1=0
|
| 1
|
88.075
|
88
|
87.805
|
87.744
|
rih
|
22/21=80.537, 21/20=84.467, 20/19=88.801, 19/18=93.603
|
| 2
|
176.15
|
176
|
175.610
|
175.489
|
reh
|
11/10=165.004, 21/19=173.268, 10/9=182.404
|
| 3
|
264.225
|
264
|
263.415
|
263.233
|
ma
|
7/6=266.871
|
| 4
|
352.3
|
352
|
351.220
|
350.978
|
mu
|
11/9=347.408, 27/22=354.547, 16/13=359.472
|
| 5
|
440.375
|
440
|
439.024
|
438.722
|
mo
|
32/25=427.373, 9/7=435.084, 22/17=446.363
|
| 6
|
528.45
|
528
|
526.829
|
526.466
|
fih
|
19/14=528.687, 49/36=533.742, 15/11=536.95
|
| 7
|
616.526
|
616
|
614.634
|
614.211
|
se
|
10/7=617.488
|
| 8
|
704.601
|
704
|
702.439
|
701.955
|
sol
|
3/2=701.955
|
| 9
|
792.676
|
792
|
790.244
|
789.699
|
leh
|
11/7=782.492, 30/19=790.756, 128/81=792.180, 19/12=795.558, 27/17=800.910, 8/5=813.686
|
| 10
|
880.751
|
880
|
878.049
|
877.444
|
la
|
5/3=884.359
|
| 11
|
968.826
|
968
|
965.854
|
965.188
|
ta
|
7/4=968.826
|
| 12
|
1056.901
|
1056
|
1053.659
|
1052.933
|
tu
|
11/6=1049.363, 35/19=1057.627, 24/13=1061.427
|
| 13
|
1144.976
|
1144
|
1141.463
|
1140.677
|
to
|
27/14=1137.039, 31/16=1145.036
|
| second octave
|
|
| 14
|
33.051
|
32
|
29.268
|
28.421
|
di
|
65/64=26.841, 64/63=27.264, 63/62=27.700, 58/57=30.109
|
| 15
|
121.126
|
120
|
117.073
|
116.166
|
ra
|
16/15=111.731, 15/14=119.443, 14/13=128.298
|
| 16
|
209.201
|
208
|
204.878
|
203.910
|
re
|
9/8=203.910
|
| 17
|
297.276
|
296
|
292.683
|
291.654
|
meh
|
13/11=289.210, 32/27=294.135, 19/16=297.513
|
| 18
|
385.351
|
384
|
380.488
|
379.399
|
mi
|
5/4=386.314
|
| 19
|
473.427
|
472
|
468.293
|
467.143
|
fe
|
17/13=464.428, 21/16=470.781
|
| 20
|
561.502
|
560
|
556.098
|
554.888
|
fu
|
11/8=551.318, 18/13=563.382
|
| 21
|
649.577
|
648
|
643.902
|
642.632
|
su
|
16/11=648.682
|
| 22
|
737.652
|
736
|
731.707
|
730.376
|
si
|
32/21=729.219, 26/17=735.572, 49/32=737.652
|
| 23
|
825.727
|
824
|
819.512
|
818.121
|
le
|
8/5=813.686, 45/28=821.398, 21/13=830.253
|
| 24
|
913.802
|
912
|
907.317
|
905.865
|
laa
|
42/25=898.153, 32/19=902.487, 27/16=905.865, 22/13=910.790, 17/10=918.642
|
| 25
|
1001.877
|
1000
|
995.122
|
993.609
|
teh
|
39/22=991.165, 16/9=996.090, 25/14=1003.802, 34/19=1007.442
|
| 26
|
1089.952
|
1088
|
1082.927
|
1081.354
|
ti
|
28/15=1080.557, 15/8=1088.269
|
| 27
|
1178.027
|
1176
|
1170.732
|
1169.098
|
da
|
63/32=1172.736, 160/81=1178.494
|
| third octave
|
|
| 28
|
66.102
|
64
|
58.537
|
56.843
|
ro
|
33/3253.273, 28/27=62.961, 80/77=66.170, 27/26=65.337
|
| 29
|
154.177
|
152
|
146.341
|
144.587
|
ru
|
49/45=147.428, 12/11=150.637, 35/32=155.140
|
| 30
|
242.252
|
240
|
234.146
|
232.331
|
ri
|
8/7=231.174, 23/20=241.961, 15/13=247.741
|
| 31
|
330.328
|
328
|
321.951
|
320.076
|
me
|
6/5=315.641, 23/19=330.761
|
| 32
|
418.403
|
416
|
409.756
|
407.820
|
maa
|
81/64=407.820, 33/26=412.745, 14/11=417.508
|
| 33
|
506.478
|
504
|
497.561
|
495.564
|
fa
|
85/64=491.269, 4/3=498.045, 75/56=505.757
|
| 34
|
594.553
|
592
|
585.366
|
583.309
|
fi
|
7/5=582.512, 45/32=590.224, 38/27=591.648
|
| 35
|
682.628
|
680
|
673.171
|
671.053
|
sih
|
28/19=671.313, 40/27=680.449
|
| 36
|
770.703
|
768
|
760.976
|
758.798
|
lo
|
17/11=753.637, 99/64=755.228, 14/9=764.916, 39/25=769.855, 25/16=772.627
|
| 37
|
858.778
|
856
|
848.780
|
846.542
|
lu
|
13/8=840.528, 18/11=852.592
|
| 38
|
946.853
|
944
|
936.585
|
934.286
|
li
|
12/7=933.129, 19/11=946.195
|
| 39
|
1034.928
|
1032
|
1024.390
|
1022.031
|
te
|
9/5=1017.596, 49/27=1031.787, 20/11=1034.996
|
| 40
|
1123.003
|
1120
|
1112.195
|
1109.775
|
taa
|
36/19=1106.397, 243/128=1109.775, 19/10=1111.199, 21/11=1119.463
|
| fourth octave (near match)
|
|
| 41
|
11.078
|
8
|
0
|
1197.59
|
do
|
1/1=0, 2/1=1200
|
Scales
Music
- Carlo Serafini
- Chris Vaisvil
- Mundoworld
Further reading