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==3-limit commas==
A '''large comma''' is a [[comma]] whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.
 
For commas under 100 cents, see [[Medium comma]] for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or [[Small comma]] for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see [[Unnoticeable comma]].
 
Except for the 3-limit commas, the [[Color notation|color name]] refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is [[tempered out]].
 
The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.
 
== Disputed status ==
To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in [[cents]], many of these commas lead to high-[[damage]] temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.
 
Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of [[JI]] intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make [[comma pump]]s. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.
 
== List of commas, by prime limit ==
=== 3-limit commas ===
{{See also| Table of 3-limit commas }}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | name(s)
! Name(s)
! | ratio
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | monzo
! Ratio
! | cents
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
|-
| | whole tone
| [[26-comma]]
| | [[9/8|9 / 8]]
| 26wM, Thebiwama
| | | -3 2 >
| 26wM
| | 203.910
| 2541865828329 / 2199023255552
| {{Monzo| -41 26 }}
| 250.83
|-
|-
| | apotome
| 27-comma
| | [[2187/2048|2187 / 2048]]
| 27wama
| | | -11 7 >
| 27wM
| | 113.685
| 8796093022208 / 7625597484987
| {{Monzo| 43 -27 }}
| 247.21
|-
|-
| | 19-comma
| [[9/8|Pythagorean whole tone]]
| |  
| Wabima
| | | -30 19 >
| w2M
| | 137.145
| 9 / 8
| {{Monzo| -3 2 }}
| 203.91
|-
|-
| | [[31_comma_temperaments|31-comma]]
| 43-comma
| |  
| 43wama
| | | -49 31 >
| 43wM
| | 160.605
|  
| {{Monzo| -68 43 }}
| 184.07
|-
|-
| | 43-comma
| 63-comma
| |  
| 63wama
| | | -68 43 >
| 63wM
| | 184.065
|  
| {{Monzo| 100 -63 }}
| 176.83
|-
|-
| | 22-comma
| [[31-comma]]
| |  
| 31wama, Thiwewama
| | | 35 -22 >
| 31wM
| | 156.990
| 617673396283947 / <br>562949953421312
| {{Monzo| -49 31 }}
| 160.61
|-
|-
| | 46-comma
| 22-comma
| |  
| 22wama, Lebiwama
| | | 73 -46 &gt;
| 22wM
| | 110.070
| 34359738368 / <br>31381059609
| {{Monzo| 35 -22 }}
| 156.99
|-
|-
| | 63-comma
| [[19-comma]]
| |  
| 19wama, Newama
| | | 100 -63 &gt;
| 19wM
| | 176.835
| 1162261467 / 1073741824
| {{Monzo| -30 19 }}
| 137.15
|-
|-
| | 77-comma
| [[2187/2048|Pythagorean apotome]], whitewood comma
| |  
| Lawama
| | | 122 -77 &gt;
| LwM
| | 176.815
| 2187 / 2048
| {{Monzo| -11 7 }}
| 113.69
|-
| 46-comma
| 46wama
| 46wM
|  
| {{Monzo| 73 -46 }}
| 110.07
|}
|}


==5-limit commas==
=== 5-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | name(s)
! Name(s)
! | ratio
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | monzo
! Ratio
! | cents
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| [[Shallowtone comma]]
| Lalayobi
| LLy1
| 295245 / 262144
| {{Monzo| -18 10 1 }}
| 205.86
|-
| Delorean comma
| Tribigu
| 6g3
| 17496 / 15625
| {{Monzo| 3 7 -6 }}
| 195.80
|-
| 31-3/5-comma
| Thiwegu
| 31g7
|
| {{Monzo| 23 31 -31 }}
| 184.88
|-
| [[10/9|Minor whole tone]]
| Yo
| y2
| 10 / 9
| {{Monzo| 1 -2 1 }}
| 182.40
|-
| 5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma
| Lala-quadquadyo
| LL16y-4
| 152587890625 / <br>137438953472
| {{Monzo| -37 0 16 }}
| 181.02
|-
| [[Nadir comma]]
| Lalatrigu
| LL3g1
| 1162261467 / 1048576000
| {{Monzo| -23 19 -3 }}
| 178.20
|-
<!-- until it gets a name
|
| Legu
| 11g4
| 53747712 / 48828125
| {{Monzo| 13 8 -11 }}
| 166.19
|-
-->
| Enipucrop comma
| Latriyobi
| L3y1
| 1125 / 1024
| {{Monzo| -10 2 3 }}
| 162.85
|-
| [[800/729|Supersharp comma]]
| Sayoyo
| syy2
| 800 / 729
| {{Monzo| 5 -6 2 }}
| 160.90
|-
|-
| | 5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma
| [[Nether comma]]
| |  
| Lala-gugu
| | | -37 0 16 &gt;
| LLgg1
| | 181.019
| 14348907 / 13107200
| {{Monzo| -19 15 -2 }}
| 156.70
|-
|-
| | acute limma
| [[Rarity comma]]
| |  
| Quadla-theyo
| | | -44 0 19 &gt;
| 4L13y-5
| | 139.961
|  
| {{Monzo| -57 17 13 }}
| 155.31
|-
|-
| | meantone Integer cents comma
| Laconic comma
| |  
| Latrigubi
| | | -1393 0 600 &gt;
| L3g2
| | 188.228
| 2187 / 2000
| {{Monzo| -4 7 -3 }}
| 154.74
|-
|-
| | 31-15-comma
| [[2048/1875|Smate, symbolic comma]]
| |  
| Saquadgu
| | | 121 -31 -31 &gt;
| s4g3
| | 136.330
| 2048 / 1875
| {{Monzo| 11 -1 -4 }}
| 152.79
|-
|-
| | 87-15-comma
| [[Submerged comma]]
| |  
|
| | | 340 -87 -87 &gt;
|
| | 120.622
| 146484375/134217728
| {{Monzo| -27 1 11 }}
| 151.41
|-
|-
| | enipucrop
| Acute limma
| | 1125 / 1024
| Trila-neyobi
| | | -10 2 3 &gt;
| 3L19y-5
| | 162.851
| 19073486328125 / <br>17592186044416
| {{Monzo| -44 0 19 }}
| 139.96
|-
|-
| | supersharp
| 31-15-comma
| | 800 / 729
| Tritrila-thiweyo
| | | 5 -6 2 &gt;
| 9L31y-11
| | 160.897
|  
| {{Monzo| -121 31 31 }}
| 136.33
|-
|-
| | gorgo
| [[177147/163840|Deeptone comma]], Tragicomma
| | 2187 / 2000
| Lagu
| | | -4 7 -3 &gt;
| Lg1
| | 154.744
| 177147 / 163840
| {{Monzo| -15 11 -1 }}
| 135.19
|-
|-
| | large limma
| [[27/25|Bug comma]]
| | [[27/25|27 / 25]]
| Gugu
| | | 0 3 -1 &gt;
| gg2
| | 133.238
| 27 / 25
| {{Monzo| 0 3 -2 }}
| 133.24
|-
|-
| | lemba
| 11-3/5-comma
| |  
| Leyo
| | | -17 2 6 &gt;
| 11y-2
| | 121.792
| 48828125 / 45349632
| {{Monzo| -8 -11 11 }}
| 127.95
|-
|-
| | sixix
| 27-3/5-comma
| | 3125 / 2916
| Tritritrigu
| | | -2 -6 5 &gt;
| 27g6
| | 119.839
|  
| {{Monzo| 20 27 -27 }}
| 122.31
|-
|-
| | diesma
| Lemba comma
| |  
| Latribiyo
| | | -3 21 -13 &gt;
| L6y-2
| | 118.977
| 140625 / 131072
| {{Monzo| -17 2 6 }}
| 121.79
|-
|-
| | comic
| 87-15-comma
| |  
|
| | | 13 -14 4 &gt;
|
| | 117.885
|  
| {{Monzo| 340 -87 -87 }}
| 120.62
|-
|-
| | just diatonic semitone
| [[3125/2916|Sixix comma]]
| | [[16/15|16 / 15]]
| Quinyo
| | | 4 -1 -1 &gt;
| 5y1
| | 111.731
| 3125 / 2916
| {{Monzo| -2 -6 5 }}
| 119.84
|-
|-
| | beatles
| Diesma
| |  
| Lathegu
| | | 19 -9 -2 &gt;
| L13g3
| | 109.778
| 10460353203 / <br>9765625000
| {{Monzo| -3 21 -13 }}
| 118.98
|-
|-
| | wronecki
| Comic comma
| |  
| Saquadyobi
| | | -5 12 -6 &gt;
| s4y2
| | 105.578
| 5120000 / 4782969
| {{Monzo| 13 -14 4 }}
| 117.88
|-
|-
| | wesley
| [[16/15|Father comma]]
| | 78125 / 73728
| Gubi
| | | -13 -2 7 &gt;
| g2
| | 100.286
| 16 / 15
| {{Monzo| 4 -1 -1 }}
| 111.73
|-
|-
| | 11-3/5-comma
| Beatles comma
| |  
| Sasa-gugu
| | | -8 -11 11 &gt;
| ssgg3
| | 127.946
| 524288 / 492075
| {{Monzo| 19 -9 -2 }}
| 109.78
|-
|-
| | 27-3/5-comma
| 300-3/5-comma
| |  
|
| | | 20 27 -27 &gt;
|
| | 122.315
|  
| {{Monzo| -221 -300 300 }}
| 107.61
|-
|-
| | 31-3/5-comma
| Wronecki comma
| |  
| Latribigu
| | | 23 31 -31 &gt;
| L6g2
| | 184.880
| 531441 / 500000
| {{Monzo| -5 12 -6 }}
| 105.58
|-
|-
| | Keemun Integer cents comma
|[[82944/78125|Migmag comma]]
| |  
|Sepgu 3rd
| | | 221 300 -300 &gt;
|g^7 3
| | 107.614
|82944 / 78125
|[10 4 -7⟩
|103.62
|-
| [[Wesley comma]]
| Lasepyobi
| L7y-2
| 78125 / 73728
| {{monzo| -13 -2 7 }}
| 100.29
|}
|}


==7-limit commas==
=== 7-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | name(s)
! Name(s)
! | monzo
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | cents
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
|-
| | hexatone comma, 6-7-comma
| Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma
| | | 17 0 0 -6 &gt;
| Satribiru
| | 187.045
| s6r-2
| 131072 / 117649
| {{Monzo| 17 0 0 -6 }}
| 187.04
|-
|-
| | hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma
| 45-7/5-comma
| | | 31 0 0 -11 &gt;
| Quintritriruyo
| | 142.915
| 45ry-27
|
| {{Monzo| 22 0 45 -45 }}
| 186.95
|-
|-
| | 41-7-comma
| 63-35-comma
| | | -115 0 0 41 &gt;
| Tritribila-septritrizoyo
| | 121.862
| 18L63zy8
|
| {{Monzo| -323 0 63 63 }}
| 173.80
|-
|-
| | 46-7-comma
| 8-21-comma
| | | -129 0 0 46 &gt;
| Lala-quadbizo
| | 165.992
| LL8z4
| 37822859361 / <br>34359738368
| {{Monzo| -35 8 0 8 }}
| 166.25
|-
|-
| | 25-7/5-comma
| 46-7-comma
| | | -12 0 -25 25 &gt;
| Sepla-twethebizobi
| | 162.805
| 7L46z18
|
| {{Monzo| -129 0 0 46 }}
| 165.99
|-
|-
| | 27-7/5-comma
| 25-7/5-comma
| | | -13 0 -27 27 &gt;
| Quinquinzogu
| | 127.829
| 25zg17
|
| {{Monzo| -12 0 -25 25 }}
| 162.80
|-
|-
| | 41-7/5-comma
| 43-21-comma
| | | 21 0 41 -41 &gt;
| Quadtrisa-fotherubi
| | 117.000
| 12s43r-11
|
| {{Monzo| 189 -43 0 -43 }}
| 156.42
|-
|-
| | 43-7/5-comma
| [[35/32|Septimal neutral second]], octave-reduced 35th harmonic
| | | 22 0 43 -43 &gt;
| Zoyo
| | 151.976
| zy2
| 35 / 32
| {{monzo| -5 0 1 1 }}
| 155.14
|-
|-
| | 45-7/5-comma
| 43-7/5-comma
| | | 23 0 45 -45 &gt;
| Fotheruyo
| | 186.951
| 43ry-26
|
| {{Monzo| 21 0 43 -43 }}
| 151.98
|-
|-
| | 8-21-comma
| [[49/45|Swetismic neutral second]]
| | | -35 8 0 8 &gt;
| Zozogu
| | 166.247
| zzg3
| 49 / 45
| {{Monzo| 0 -2 -1 2 }}
| 147.43
|-
|-
| | 13-21-comma
<!-- until it gets a name
| | | -57 13 0 13 &gt;
| [[160/147]]
| | 120.152
| Ruruyobi
| rry1
| 160 / 147
| {{Monzo| 5 -1 1 -2 }}
| 146.71
-->
|-
|-
| | 38-21-comma
| Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma
| | | 167 -38 0 -38 &gt;
| Sasa-leru
| | 110.3255
| ss11r-4
| 2147483648 / 1977326743
| {{Monzo| 31 0 0 -11 }}
| 142.92
|-
|-
| | 43-21-comma
| [[243/224|Septimal subtone]]
| | | 189 -43 0 -43 &gt;
| Larubi
| | 156.421
| Lr1
| 243 / 224
| {{Monzo| -5 5 0 -1 }}
| 140.95
|-
|-
| | 7-35-comma
| 55-35-comma
| | | 36 0 -7 -7 &gt;
| Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi
| | 114.023
| 16L55zy7
|
| {{Monzo| -282 0 55 55 }}
| 132.68
|-
|-
| | 55-35-comma
| 27-7/5-comma
| | | -282 0 55 55 &gt;
| Tritritrizogu
| | 132.679
| 27zg18
|
| {{Monzo| -13 0 -27 27 }}
| 127.83
|-
|-
| | 63-35-comma
| 41-7-comma
| | | -323 0 63 63 &gt;
| Tribila-fowezo
| | 173.796
| 6L41z16
|
| {{Monzo| -115 0 0 41 }}
| 121.86
|-
| 13-21-comma
| Quadla-thezobi
| 4L13z5
|
| {{Monzo| -57 13 0 13 }}
| 120.15
|-
| [[15/14|Septimal major semitone]]
| Ruyo
| ry1
| 15 / 14
| {{Monzo| -1 1 1 -1 }}
| 119.44
|-
| [[Primate comma]]
| Saru
| sr2
| 16384 / 15309
| {{Monzo| 14 -7 0 -1 }}
| 117.49
|-
| 41-7/5-comma
| Foweruyo
| 41ry-25
|
| {{Monzo| 20 0 41 -41 }}
| 117.00
|-
| 7-35-comma
| Sasa-seprugu
| ss7rg1
| 68719476736 / <br>64339296875
| {{Monzo| 36 0 -7 -7 }}
| 114.02
|-
| 38-21-comma
| Lesa-nebiru
| 11s38r-10
|
| {{Monzo| 167 -38 0 -38 }}
| 110.33
|-
| 3-9/7-comma
| Triru
| 3r-2
| 729 / 686
| {{Monzo| -1 6 0 -3 }}
| 105.25
|}
|}


==11-limit commas==
=== 11-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma
| Quinla-letrilobi
| 5L33(1o)-7
|
| {{Monzo| -114 0 0 0 33 }}
| 193.49
|-
| 4/5-tone, Ptolemy's second
| Logu
| 1og2
| [[11/10|11 / 10]]
| {{Monzo| -1 0 -1 0 1 }}
| 165.00
|-
| 11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma
| Latritrilo
| L9(1o)-2
| 2357947691 / 2147483648
| {{Monzo| -31 0 0 0 9 }}
| 161.86
|-
| 3/4-tone, undecimal neutral second
| Lu
| 1u2
| [[12/11|12 / 11]]
| {{Monzo| 2 1 0 0 -1 }}
| 150.64
|-
| [[77/72|Undecimal secor]]
| Lozo
| 1oz2
| [[77/72|77 / 72]]
| {{Monzo| -3 -2 0 1 1 }}
| 116.23
|}


=== 13-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | name(s)
! Name(s)
! | monzo
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | cents
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
|-
| | 11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma
| 13-cycle neutral second
| | | -31 0 0 0 9 &gt;
| Quadbila-fithethobi
| | 161.8615
| 8L53(3o)7
|
| {{Monzo| -196 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 147.97
|-
|-
| | 11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma
| Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second
| | | -114 0 0 0 33 &gt;
| Tho
| | 193.492
| 3o2
| [[13/12|13 / 12]]
| {{Monzo| -2 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| 138.57
|-
| Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird
| Thuzo
| 3uz2
| [[14/13|14 / 13]]
| {{Monzo| 1 0 0 1 0 -1 }}
| 128.30
|-
| Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor
| Sasepthu
| s7(3u)1
| 67108864 / 62748517
| {{monzo| 26 0 0 0 0 -7 }}
| 116.31
|-
| Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma
| Sasa-sethubi
| ss17(3u)-2
|
| {{Monzo| 63 0 0 0 0 -17 }}
| 111.03
|}
|}


==13-limit commas==
=== 17-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 17-limit rational eventone
| Sogubi
| 17og3
| [[17/15|17 / 15]]
| {{Monzo| 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 }}
| 216.69
|-
| Large septendecimal semitone, octave-reduced 17th harmonic
| Iso
| 17o2
| [[17/16|17 / 16]]
| {{Monzo| -4 0 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| 104.96
|}


=== 19-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | name(s)
! Name(s)
! | <span style="display: block; text-align: center;">monzo</span>
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | <span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; text-align: center;">cents</span></span>
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
| 19-cycle meantone prima
| Tribila-foweno
| 6L41(19o)13
|
| {{Monzo| -174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 }}
| 198.03
|-
|-
| | heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor
| Undevicesimal rational meantone
| | | 26 0 0 0 0 0 -7 &gt;
| Nosu
| | 116.306
| 19o17u2
| [[19/17|19 / 17]]
| {{Monzo| 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 }}
| 192.56
|-
|-
| | heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma
| 19-cycle meantone secunda
| | | 63 0 0 0 0 0 -17 &gt;
| Tribila-quintritrino
| | 111.030
| 6L45(19o)14
|
| {{Monzo| -191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 }}
| 188.09
|-
|-
| | 13-cycle neutral second
| 19-cycle minor tone
| | | -196 0 0 0 0 0 53 &gt;
| Sepla-sepsepno
| | 147.966
| 7L49(19o)15
|
| {{Monzo| -208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 }}
| 178.14
|-
| Undevicesimal rational submajor second
| Nuzo
| 19uz2
| [[21/19|21 / 19]]
| {{Monzo| 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 173.27
|-
| 19-cycle submajor second
| Quadbila-fithenobi
| 8L53(19o)16
|
| {{Monzo| -225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 }}
| 168.19
|-
| [[81/76|Dog comma]]
| Inu
| 19u1
| 81 / 76
| {{Monzo| -2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 110.31
|}
|}


==19-limit commas==
=== 23-limit commas ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! | <span style="display: block; text-align: center;">name(s)</span>
! Name(s)
! | <span style="display: block; text-align: center;">monzo</span>
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! | <span style="display: block; text-align: center;">cents</span>
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
|-
| | <span style="font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">19-cycle meantone prima</span>
| Large vicesimotertial neutral second
| | | -174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 &gt;
| Twethoru
| | 198.034
| 23or2
| [[23/21|23 / 21]]
| {{Monzo| 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| 157.49
|-
|-
| | <span style="font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">19-cycle meantone secunda</span>
| Small vicesimotertial neutral second
| | | -191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 &gt;
| Twethuyoyo
| | 188.086
| 23uyy1
| [[25/23|25 / 23]]
| {{Monzo| 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 -1 }}
| 144.35
|-
|-
| | 19-cycle minor tone
| Octave-reduced 69th harmonic
| | | -208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 &gt;
| Twetho
| | 178.138
| 23o2
| [[69/64|69 / 64]]
| {{monzo| -6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 }}
| 130.23
|}
 
=== Higher-limit commas ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name(s)
! colspan="2" | [[Kite's color notation|Color name]]
! Ratio
! Monzo
! Cents
|-
|-
| | <span style="font-size: 12.800000190734863px;">19-cycle submajor second</span>
| Octave-reduced 29th subharmonic
| | | -225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 &gt;
| Twenu
| | 168.190
| 29u2
| [[32/29|32 / 29]]
| 2.29 {{monzo| 5 -1 }}
| 170.42
|-
<!-- until it gets a name
| [[47/44]]
| Fosolu
| 47o1u2
| 47 / 44
| 2.11.47 {{monzo| -2 -1 1 }}
| 114.19
-->
|}
|}
[[Category:Large commas| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Lists of commas]]
{{todo|complete table|add color name}}
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