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{{Redirect|Octave|its use as an [[interval region]]|Octave (interval region)}}

The '''octave''' (abbreviation: '''8ve''', symbol: '''oct''', [[frequency ratio]]: '''2/1''') is one of the most basic [[Gallery of just intervals|intervals]] found in musical systems throughout the entire world. It has a frequency ratio of 2/1 and a size of 1200 [[cent]]s. It is used as the standard of [[interval size measure|logarithmic measurement]] for all intervals, regardless if they are justly tuned or not.

It is the first [[prime harmonic]], with the next being [[3/1]].

== Octave equivalence ==

The octave is usually called the '''interval of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same [[pitch class]] despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.

~~The perception of octave equivalence appears to have both biological and cultural components.~~

Studies have shown that various non-human animals, including rhesus monkeys and rats, experience octave equivalence to a certain extent.<ref>Hoeschele M. [https://doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2017.120002 ''Animal Pitch Perception: Melodies and Harmonies'']. Comp Cogn Behav Rev. 2017</ref>

However, the degree of octave equivalence perception varies across cultures, particularly in those with non-Western musical traditions.<ref>Jacoby, Nori et al. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.020 ''Universal and Non-universal Features of Musical Pitch Perception Revealed by Singing'']. Current Biology, 2019.</ref>

~~When a different interval (such as the [[tritave]]) is used as the interval of equivalence, it is referred to as an [[equave]] or "formal octave".~~

== Octave stretch ==

Some musical systems exhibit stretched (or compressed) octaves where the octave is tuned slightly different from a pure 2:1 ratio. This occurs in piano tuning (to compensate for inharmonicity in piano strings) and in some traditional music systems, such as the Indonesian [[Pelog]] and [[Slendro]] scales.

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== See also ==

* [[Prime interval]]

* [[Gallery of ~~Just Intervals~~]]

* [[Gallery of just intervals]]

* [[EDO]]

* [[Octave reduction]]

* [[Octave complement]]

* [[Octave (interval region)]]

~~== References ==~~

~~<references/>~~

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 }}
 {{Wikipedia|Octave}}
+{{Redirect|Octave|its use as an [[interval region]]|Octave (interval region)}}
 The '''octave''' (abbreviation: '''8ve''', symbol: '''oct''', [[frequency ratio]]: '''2/1''') is one of the most basic [[Gallery of just intervals|intervals]] found in musical systems throughout the entire world. It has a frequency ratio of 2/1 and a size of 1200 [[cent]]s. It is used as the standard of [[interval size measure|logarithmic measurement]] for all intervals, regardless if they are justly tuned or not.
+It is the first [[prime harmonic]], with the next being [[3/1]].
 == Octave equivalence ==
-{{main|Interval of equivalence}}
+{{Main|Interval of equivalence}}
 The octave is usually called the '''interval of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same [[pitch class]] despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.
-The perception of octave equivalence appears to have both biological and cultural components.
-Studies have shown that various non-human animals, including rhesus monkeys and rats, experience octave equivalence to a certain extent.<ref>Hoeschele M. [https://doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2017.120002 ''Animal Pitch Perception: Melodies and Harmonies'']. Comp Cogn Behav Rev. 2017</ref>
-However, the degree of octave equivalence perception varies across cultures, particularly in those with non-Western musical traditions.<ref>Jacoby, Nori et al. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.020 ''Universal and Non-universal Features of Musical Pitch Perception Revealed by Singing'']. Current Biology, 2019.</ref>
-When a different interval (such as the [[tritave]]) is used as the interval of equivalence, it is referred to as an [[equave]] or "formal octave".
 == Octave stretch ==
-{{main|Stretched and compressed tuning}}
+{{Main|Stretched and compressed tuning}}
 Some musical systems exhibit stretched (or compressed) octaves where the octave is tuned slightly different from a pure 2:1 ratio. This occurs in piano tuning (to compensate for inharmonicity in piano strings) and in some traditional music systems, such as the Indonesian [[Pelog]] and [[Slendro]] scales.
@@ Line 39: / Line 37: @@
 == See also ==
 * [[Prime interval]]
-* [[Gallery of Just Intervals]]
+* [[Gallery of just intervals]]
 * [[EDO]]
 * [[Octave reduction]]
 * [[Octave complement]]
-* [[Octave (interval region)]]
-== References ==
-<references/>