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See [[Archytas_clan#Blacksmith|Archytas clan]].
{{interwiki
| de = Blackwood-Limmisch
| en = Blackwood
}}
: ''This article is about the regular temperament. For the musician, see [[Easley Blackwood Jr.]] For the scale structure sometimes associated with it, see [[5L 5s]].''
{{Infobox regtemp
| Title = Blackwood
| Subgroups = 2.3.5, 2.3.5.7
| Comma basis = [[256/243]] (2.3.5); <br>[[28/27]], [[49/48]] (2.3.5.7)
| Edo join 1 = 5 | Edo join 2 = 10
| Mapping = 5; 0 1 0
| Generators = 5/4
| Generators tuning = 391.1
| Optimization method = CWE
| Pergen = (P8/5, ^1)
| Color name = Sawati
| MOS scales = [[5L&nbsp;5s]], [[10L&nbsp;5s]]
| Odd limit 1 = 5 | Mistuning 1 = 18.0 | Complexity 1 = 10
| Odd limit 2 = 9 | Mistuning 2 = 44.9 | Complexity 2 = 10
}}
'''Blackwood''' is a [[regular temperament|temperament]] that takes [[5edo]]'s [[circle of fifths]] for the [[3-limit]], but adds multiple copies to improve the tuning of the [[5-limit]]. In the fundamental sense, it is the 5-limit temperament that [[tempering out|tempers out]] the [[Pythagorean limma]], and it extends to the [[7-limit]] (sometimes known as ''blacksmith'') by recognizing that 4\5 is a good [[7/4|harmonic seventh]], thus tempering out [[28/27]], [[49/48]], and [[64/63]], making it a member of [[trienstonic clan]], [[semaphoresmic clan]], and [[archytas clan]].  


=Music=
The main interest in this temperament is in its [[mos scale]]s, featuring [[5L 5s|pentawood (5L 5s)]]. 15edo provides an excellent tuning for this temperament as well as for pentawood.
[http://micro.soonlabel.com/gene_ward_smith/Others/Roncevaux/Pocahontas_by_Roncevaux_on_SoundCloud___Hear_the_world_s_sounds.mp3 Pocahontas] by [https://soundcloud.com/lois-lancaster/pocahontas Roncevaux (Löis Lancaster)]; Blackwood[10] in 15edo
 
[[Category:soft_redirect]]
Blackwood was named in honor of [[Easley Blackwood Jr.]]
[[Category:todo:expand]]
 
See [[Limmic temperaments #Blackwood]] for technical data.
__TOC__
{{Clear}}
 
== Interval chain ==
In the following table, odd harmonics 1–9 are in '''bold'''.
 
{| class="wikitable center-1 right-2 right-4"
! rowspan="2" | Period
! colspan="2" | Generator 0
! colspan="2" | Generator 1
|-
! Cents*
! Approx. ratios
! Cents*
! Approx. ratios
|-
| 0
| 0.0
| '''1/1'''
|
|
|-
| 1
| 240.0
| 7/6, 8/7, '''9/8'''
| 151.1
| 10/9, 15/14
|-
| 2
| 480.0
| 4/3
| 391.1
| '''5/4'''
|-
| 3
| 720.0
| '''3/2'''
| 631.1
| 10/7
|-
| 4
| 960.0
| '''7/4''', 12/7, 16/9
| 871.1
| 5/3
|-
| 5
| 1200.0
| '''2/1'''
| 1111.1
| 15/8, 40/21
|}
<nowiki/>* In 7-limit CWE tuning, octave reduced
 
== Scales ==
[[File:blacksmith10.jpg|alt=blacksmith10.jpg|thumb|Lattice of Blackwood[10]]]
[[File:BlackwoodMajor 15edo.mp3]] [[:File:BlackwoodMajor 15edo.mp3|Blackwood major scale in 15edo]]
 
== Tunings ==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | 5-limit norm-based tunings
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Euclidean
|-
! Constrained
! Constrained & skewed
! Destretched
|-
! Equilateral
| CEE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CSEE: ~5/4 = 392.3287{{c}}
| POEE: ~5/4 = 405.2729{{c}}
|-
! Tenney
| CTE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CWE: ~5/4 = 395.1256{{c}}
| POTE: ~5/4 = 399.5938{{c}}
|-
! Benedetti, <br>Wilson
| CBE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CSBE: ~5/4 = 396.3386{{c}}
| POBE: ~5/4 = 400.3211{{c}}
|}
 
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ style="font-size: 105%; white-space: nowrap;" | 7-limit norm-based tunings
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Euclidean
|-
! Constrained
! Constrained & skewed
! Destretched
|-
! Equilateral
| CEE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CSEE: ~5/4 = 388.6185{{c}}
| POEE: ~5/4 = 387.1612{{c}}
|-
! Tenney
| CTE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CWE: ~5/4 = 391.0976{{c}}
| POTE: ~5/4 = 392.7675{{c}}
|-
! Benedetti, <br>Wilson
| CBE: ~5/4 = 386.3137{{c}}
| CSBE: ~5/4 = 392.2565{{c}}
| POBE: ~5/4 = 395.3830{{c}}
|}
 
=== Tuning spectrum ===
{| class="wikitable center-all left-4"
|-
! Edo<br>generator
! [[Eigenmonzo|Unchanged interval<br>(eigenmonzo)]]*
! Generator (¢)
! Comments
|-
|
| 15/14
| 359.443
|
|-
| 3\10
|
| 360.000
| Lower bound of 7- and 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
|-
|
| 15/8
| 368.269
| -1/5-limma
|-
|11\35
|
| 377.143
|35b val
|-
|
| 7/5
| 377.488
|
|-
| 8\25
|
| 384.000
|
|-
|
| 5/4
| 386.314
| Untempered, 5- and 7-limit CTE, etc.
|-
|
| 25/24
| 395.336
| 1/10-limma
|-
|
| 21/20
| 395.533
|
|-
|
|
|397.163
|DR-optimized 4:5:6 tuning
|-
| 5\15
|
| 400.000
|
|-
|
| 5/3
| 404.359
| 1/5-limma
|-
| 7\20
|
| 420.000
| 20c val
|-
|
| 9/5
| 422.404
| 2/5-limma
|-
| 2\5
|
| 480.000
| Upper bound of 7- and 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
|}
<nowiki/>* Besides the octave
 
== Music ==
; [[E8 Heterotic]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67hj_bs_9e4 ''Cyberfunk''] (2020) – in Blackwood[10], 15edo tuning
 
; [[Sevish]]
* From ''[[Harmony Hacker]]'' (2017)
** "[[Freathy]]" – in Blackwood[10], TOP tuning
** "[[So Thankful]]" – in Blackwood[10], 15edo tuning
 
== See also ==
* [[Blackwood temperament modal harmony (in 15edo)]]
 
[[Category:Blackwood| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Rank-2 temperaments]]
[[Category:Exotemperaments]]
[[Category:Trienstonic clan]]
[[Category:Semaphoresmic clan]]
[[Category:Archytas clan]]

Latest revision as of 05:18, 20 May 2026

This article is about the regular temperament. For the musician, see Easley Blackwood Jr. For the scale structure sometimes associated with it, see 5L 5s.
Blackwood
Subgroups 2.3.5, 2.3.5.7
Comma basis 256/243 (2.3.5);
28/27, 49/48 (2.3.5.7)
Reduced mapping ⟨5; 0 1 0]
ET join 5 & 10
Generators (CWE) ~5/4 = 391.1 ¢
MOS scales 5L 5s, 10L 5s
Ploidacot pentaploid acot
Pergen (P8/5, ^1)
Color name Sawati
Minimax error 5-odd-limit: 18.0 ¢;
9-odd-limit: 44.9 ¢
Target scale size 5-odd-limit: 10 notes;
9-odd-limit: 10 notes

Blackwood is a temperament that takes 5edo's circle of fifths for the 3-limit, but adds multiple copies to improve the tuning of the 5-limit. In the fundamental sense, it is the 5-limit temperament that tempers out the Pythagorean limma, and it extends to the 7-limit (sometimes known as blacksmith) by recognizing that 4\5 is a good harmonic seventh, thus tempering out 28/27, 49/48, and 64/63, making it a member of trienstonic clan, semaphoresmic clan, and archytas clan.

The main interest in this temperament is in its mos scales, featuring pentawood (5L 5s). 15edo provides an excellent tuning for this temperament as well as for pentawood.

Blackwood was named in honor of Easley Blackwood Jr.

See Limmic temperaments #Blackwood for technical data.

Interval chain

In the following table, odd harmonics 1–9 are in bold.

Period Generator 0 Generator 1
Cents* Approx. ratios Cents* Approx. ratios
0 0.0 1/1
1 240.0 7/6, 8/7, 9/8 151.1 10/9, 15/14
2 480.0 4/3 391.1 5/4
3 720.0 3/2 631.1 10/7
4 960.0 7/4, 12/7, 16/9 871.1 5/3
5 1200.0 2/1 1111.1 15/8, 40/21

* In 7-limit CWE tuning, octave reduced

Scales

blacksmith10.jpg
Lattice of Blackwood[10]

Blackwood major scale in 15edo

Tunings

5-limit norm-based tunings
Euclidean
Constrained Constrained & skewed Destretched
Equilateral CEE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CSEE: ~5/4 = 392.3287 ¢ POEE: ~5/4 = 405.2729 ¢
Tenney CTE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CWE: ~5/4 = 395.1256 ¢ POTE: ~5/4 = 399.5938 ¢
Benedetti,
Wilson 		CBE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CSBE: ~5/4 = 396.3386 ¢ POBE: ~5/4 = 400.3211 ¢
7-limit norm-based tunings
Euclidean
Constrained Constrained & skewed Destretched
Equilateral CEE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CSEE: ~5/4 = 388.6185 ¢ POEE: ~5/4 = 387.1612 ¢
Tenney CTE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CWE: ~5/4 = 391.0976 ¢ POTE: ~5/4 = 392.7675 ¢
Benedetti,
Wilson 		CBE: ~5/4 = 386.3137 ¢ CSBE: ~5/4 = 392.2565 ¢ POBE: ~5/4 = 395.3830 ¢

Tuning spectrum

Edo
generator 		Unchanged interval
(eigenmonzo)* 		Generator (¢) Comments
15/14 359.443
3\10 360.000 Lower bound of 7- and 9-odd-limit diamond monotone
15/8 368.269 -1/5-limma
11\35 377.143 35b val
7/5 377.488
8\25 384.000
5/4 386.314 Untempered, 5- and 7-limit CTE, etc.
25/24 395.336 1/10-limma
21/20 395.533
397.163 DR-optimized 4:5:6 tuning
5\15 400.000
5/3 404.359 1/5-limma
7\20 420.000 20c val
9/5 422.404 2/5-limma
2\5 480.000 Upper bound of 7- and 9-odd-limit diamond monotone

* Besides the octave

Music

E8 Heterotic
  • Cyberfunk (2020) – in Blackwood[10], 15edo tuning
Sevish

See also

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