Tenney norm: Difference between revisions

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I'm now preferring to denote all monzos by "m". Move the terminology section to the bottom
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If ''n''/''d'' is a positive rational number reduced to its lowest terms, then the [[Benedetti height]] is the integer ''nd''. Often it is more convenient instead to take the logarithm, usually base 2 ([[log2]]), of the [[Benedetti height]], leading to '''Tenney height'''. In either form, it is widely used as a [[measure of inharmonicity]] and/or [[complexity]] for intervals. Alternative terms used include '''harmonic distance''' ('''HD''').
If ''n''/''d'' is a positive rational number reduced to its lowest terms, then the [[Benedetti height]] is the integer ''nd''. Often it is more convenient instead to take the logarithm, usually base 2 ([[log2]]), of the [[Benedetti height]], leading to '''Tenney height'''. In either form, it is widely used as a [[measure of inharmonicity]] and/or [[complexity]] for intervals. Alternative terms used include '''harmonic distance''' ('''HD''').
== Names ==
In general mathematics, this measurement is known as ''log-product complexity''. With respect to microtonal tuning, this measurement was first described by [[James Tenney]], who himself called it ''harmonic distance''.<ref>[https://www.plainsound.org/pdfs/JC&ToH.pdf ''John Cage and the Theory of Harmony'']. James Tenney. </ref><ref>[https://zh.booksc.eu/book/68954431/f87a1d ''On the Conception and Measure of Consonance'']. Alex Wand. </ref><ref>[https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/98644/brand_signal_2016.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y ''A Signal-Based Model of Teleology in Tonal Music'']. Mark André Brand. p. 28. "Tenney's measure of ''harmonic distance'' (Hd) is thus singled out as perhaps his most 'crucial development', affording him the means towards 'compactness'. His is a Manhattan, rather than Euclidean metric, defined as Hd (''a''/''b'') = ''k''log(''ab''), with ''a''/''b'' the maximally reduced ratio representing the frequency difference, and ''k'' = 1 indicating measure in octaves."</ref> This terminology was also used in [[Paul Erlich]]'s paper [[A Middle Path]]<ref>Wherein Erlich writes: "This is why, in Tenney’s terminology, the taxicab distance an interval traverses in his lattice is the 'Harmonic Distance' of that interval."</ref>. 


== Computation ==
== Computation ==
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=== Vector form ===
=== Vector form ===
The Tenney height of a [[Harmonic limit|''p''-limit]] [[monzo]] b = {{monzo| ''b''<sub>1</sub> ''b''<sub>2</sub> … ''b''<sub>π (''p'')</sub> }} (π being the [[Wikipedia: prime-counting function|prime-counting function]]) is given by
The Tenney height of a [[Harmonic limit|''p''-limit]] [[monzo]] m = {{monzo| ''m''<sub>1</sub> ''m''<sub>2</sub> … ''m''<sub>π (''p'')</sub> }} (π being the [[Wikipedia: prime-counting function|prime-counting function]]) is given by


<math>\lVert H \vec b \rVert_1 \\
<math>\lVert H \vec m \rVert_1 \\
= \vert b_1 \vert + \vert b_2 \vert \log_2 (3) + \ldots + \vert b_{\pi (p)} \vert \log_2 (p) \\
= \vert m_1 \vert + \vert m_2 \vert \log_2 (3) + \ldots + \vert m_{\pi (p)} \vert \log_2 (p) \\
= \log_2 (2^{|b_1|} \cdot 3^{|b_2|} \cdot \ldots \cdot p^{|b_{\pi (p)}|})</math>
= \log_2 (2^{|m_1|} \cdot 3^{|m_2|} \cdot \ldots \cdot p^{|m_{\pi (p)}|})</math>


where H is the transformation matrix such that, for the prime basis Q = {{val| 2 3 5 … ''p'' }},  
where H is the transformation matrix such that, for the prime basis Q = {{val| 2 3 5 … ''p'' }},  
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== Examples ==
== Examples ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Interval name
! Interval Name
! Ratio (''n''/''d'')
! Ratio (''n''/''d'')
! Monzo
! Monzo
! Tenney height
! Tenney Height
|-
|-
| Unison
| Unison
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| 4.807
| 4.807
|}
|}
== History and terminology ==
In general mathematics, this measurement is known as ''log-product complexity''. With respect to microtonal tuning, this measurement was first described by [[James Tenney]], who himself called it ''harmonic distance''.<ref>[https://www.plainsound.org/pdfs/JC&ToH.pdf ''John Cage and the Theory of Harmony'']. James Tenney. </ref><ref>[https://zh.booksc.eu/book/68954431/f87a1d ''On the Conception and Measure of Consonance'']. Alex Wand. </ref><ref>[https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/98644/brand_signal_2016.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y ''A Signal-Based Model of Teleology in Tonal Music'']. Mark André Brand. p. 28. "Tenney's measure of ''harmonic distance'' (Hd) is thus singled out as perhaps his most 'crucial development', affording him the means towards 'compactness'. His is a Manhattan, rather than Euclidean metric, defined as Hd (''a''/''b'') = ''k''log(''ab''), with ''a''/''b'' the maximally reduced ratio representing the frequency difference, and ''k'' = 1 indicating measure in octaves."</ref> This terminology was also used in [[Paul Erlich]]'s paper [[A Middle Path]]<ref>Wherein Erlich writes: "This is why, in Tenney’s terminology, the taxicab distance an interval traverses in his lattice is the 'Harmonic Distance' of that interval."</ref>. 


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Generalized Tenney Norms and Tp Interval Space]]
* [[Generalized Tenney norms and Tp interval space]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==