Instruments: Difference between revisions

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~~Information on how to get musical instruments to play music in a variety of tunings.~~

~~See also~~ [[~~The Great Xenharmonic Fixed~~-~~Pitch Instrument Database~~]] .

Many kinds of musical instruments can be used to play [[microtonal music]], ranging from non-microtonal instruments (i.e. designed to be played in [[12edo]]) to custom-designed xenharmonic instruments.

* [[string_instruments|Strings]]

Fixed pitch instruments make it easier for musicians to play notes accurately and reliably, although they give access to a limited set of pitches. Many non-microtonal instruments can be played microtonally without any modification to the instrument by using extended techniques, such as microtonal fingerings on woodwinds. Non-microtonal instruments can also be modified, either temporarily or permanently; this includes notably nonstandard (open) tunings on string instruments and [[Guitar#Refretting|guitar refretting]]. Finally, new instruments can be created from scratch; many such custom-designed instruments can be found in the [[list of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]].

** fretted: [[microguitar|guitars]], ~~[[microbass|bass]], banjo, mandolin, [[Fun_With_Microtones|ukulele]], balalaika, viol, sitar, etc.~~

** (unfretted) [[MicrotonalBowedStrings|violin etc.~~]], oud, [[qanun]], [[microbass|fretless bass]], harps, zithers, hammer dulcimers, dan bau~~

** [[autoharp]]

** [[moodswinger]]

** [http://chrisvaisvil.com/?p=789 Home Made Canon]

** [http://bp.b0b.com/2012/11/sierra-~~pedal-steel/ pedal steel]~~

** [http://chrisvaisvil.com/diy-temporary-cable-tie-guitar-frets-version-2/ Cable Tie Frets] - instruction and examples on using ~~cable ties~~ as ~~frets~~ on ~~a defretted guitar~~

* [[microtonal_brass|Brass]]:

** [[microtonal_trumpet|Trumpet]], ~~[[microtonal_horn|Horn]], [[microtrombone|Trombone]]~~ (~~duh!~~)~~, [[microtonal_tuba|Tuba]], digeridoo, alphorn~~

** [http://bwhisperer.com/index bwhisperer.com] JI-oriented website, "The Brass Whisperer's main aim is to play with subtle music tunings and ~~coax brass players (and other musicians) into achieving delicious harmonies."~~

* [[microtonal woodwinds|Woodwinds]]

** Reedless Instruments: [[Flutes]], [[~~microrecorder~~|~~Recorders]], [[Whistles]]~~

** Reed Instruments: [[Bassoons]], [[microtonal_clarinet|Clarinets]], [[Saxophones]], [[Oboes]]

* [[mallet percussion|Percussion]]

** [[mallet percussion|mallet keyboards]]~~: vibraphone, xylophone, [[marimba]], glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc~~.

** tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing

** bells: [[carillon]], [[Conic_Bellophone_in_96edo|conic bellophone]], [[tubulong]], amglocken, handbells, [[~~zoomoozophone~~]]~~, [http://www.ekmelic-music~~.~~org/en/instr/kk.htm sound tower/sound cube]~~

** lamellophones: [[kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula

** friction idiophones: musical saw, wine glasses, [[nail_violin|nail violin]], [[Daxophone]]

* [[Microtonal_Keyboards|Keyboards]]: Piano, Harpsichord, Organ, Clavichord, but also Synthesizers

* Web browser-based on-~~screen keyboards~~:

Continuous pitch instruments give access to a wider range of pitches, but often require more skill to be played accurately and reliably. The human voice falls in this category, along with other standard instruments such as [[bowed strings]] and [[trombone]]s. Some extended techniques allow for continuous pitch adjustments, even on fixed pitch instruments, such as [[Wikipedia:String bending|string bending]] on guitars and lip bending on wind instruments like [[trumpet]]s and saxophones. Several custom instruments also fall in this category, including the [[udderbot]] and the [[Infinitone]].

** [[~~User~~:~~SAKryukov#Microtonal_Music_Study_using_specialized_chromatic_keyboards_and_Web_Audio_API~~|~~“Microtonal Music Study”~~ family]]

** ~~ReTuner~~: [~~https~~:~~//www~~.~~facebook~~.~~com/retuner on facebook~~] [~~https~~:~~//encyclotronic~~.~~com~~/~~apps~~/~~microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]~~

The following is a non-exhaustive list of instruments which can be used to play xenharmonic music. You can find additional information by following the links to each instrument's dedicated page.

* [[~~Free Reeds~~]]:

== String instruments ==

=== Plucked strings ===

* Fretted:

**[[Guitar]]

** [[Electric bass]]

**[[Pedal steel guitar]]

**[[Fun With Microtones|Ukulele]]

** Others: banjo, bouzuki, mandolin, balalaika, sitar, [[Wikipedia:Moodswinger|moodswinger]], etc.

* Fretless:

**[[Autoharp]]

** [[Electric bass|Fretless bass]]

** [[Qanun]]

** Others: oud, harp, zither (including kantele), hammer dulcimer, [[Wikipedia:Đàn bầu|đàn bầu]], etc.

* Keyboard plucked strings

** Harpsichord

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add information about harpsichords, including microtonal harpsichords.}}

=== Bowed strings ===

* Fretted:

** [[Bowed strings|Viol family and other bowed fretted strings]] (viola da gamba, some types of violone, baryton, arpeggione, GuitarViol, fretted violin, etc.)

* Fretless:

** [[Bowed strings|Violin family]] (violin, viola, cello, bass, some types of violone, etc.)

** Others: [[Wikipedia:Huqin|huqin]], etc.

== Wind instruments ==

=== Brass instruments ===

* [[Flugelhorn]]

* [[Horn]]

* [[Trumpet]]

* [[Trombone]]

* Others: tuba, digeridoo, alphorn, etc.

=== Woodwind instruments ===

* Reedless:

** [[Flute]]

** [[Recorder]]

** [[Shakuhachi]]

** [[Whistle]]

** Others: khaen, some very small organs, etc.

* Reed:

** [[Bassoon]]/contrabassoon

** Oboe

** English horn

** Heckelphone/Lupophone

** [[Clarinet]]

** [[Harmonica]]

** ~~Reed Organs~~, ~~Accordion~~, ~~Melodica~~, ~~Khaen~~, etc.

** [[Saxophone]]

* ~~Others~~: ~~[[udderbot]]~~, ~~[[tubulong]]~~, [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 ~~balloon~~ flute]

** [[Fretless saxophone]]

* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[~~List_of_Microtonal_Software_Plugins~~|plugins]]

** Others: reed organ, regal, accordion, melodica, etc.

* Combination:

** Organ (usually has both flue and reed stops, and may also have percussion stops, especially in the case of theatre organs)

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add organ information page including microtonal organs.}}

=== Others ===

* [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 Balloon flute]{{dead link}}

* [[Infinitone]]

* [[Udderbot]]

== Percussion instruments ==

* Mallet keyboards:

** [[Marimba]]

** Others: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.

* Tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing, etc.

* Bells:

**[[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|Conic bellophone]]

** [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm Sound tower/sound cube]{{dead link}}

**[[Tubulong]]

** Others: carillon, amglocken, handbells, etc.

* Lamellophones:

** [[Kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula

* Friction idiophones:

** [[Daxophone]]

** Others: musical saw, wine glasses, nail violin, etc.

* Hammered dulcimers (including [[wikipedia:yangqin|yangqin]] and lavachord, the latter of which also belongs to keyboard instruments)

** Finger-hammered dulcimers: [[harpejji]].

* [[Keyboard]]s: piano, tangent piano (including [[fluid piano]]), organ (when equipped with percussion stops), clavichord (including the Clavinet and its derivatives).

{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add clavichord information page including microtonal derivatives of the Clavinet.}}

== Electronic instruments ==

* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List of Microtonal Software Plugins|plugins]]

* Synthesizers:

** [[Lumatone]]

** [[SoMa Terra]]

** Others: see [[Keyboard#List of generalized keyboards]]

* [[Novation Launchpad]]

* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]

* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]

* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]

* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:

** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal Fabric|“Microtonal Fabric” family]]

** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook], [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]{{dead link}}

== Tuning-agnostic instruments ==

These instruments can play in any microtonal scale out-of-the-box, because 12edo is not a part of their manufacture:

*[[Daxophone]]

* Fretless string instruments

** Fretless bass

** Fretless guitar

** Oud

** Violin, viola, cello, double bass (the string quartet is a whole tuning-agnostic ensemble)

** Oud

* Musical saw

* String instruments with one pitch per string

** Hammered dulcimer

** Hammered dulcimer (when provided with on-the-fly adjustable tuning mechanism, such as fluid dulcimer or the more modern versions of [[Wikipedia:Yangqin|Yangqin]])

* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]

* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]

* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]

* Wind instruments with a slide or other continuous pitch control

** Trombone

** [[Fretless saxophone]]

** [[Infinitone]]

** [[Udderbot]]

* Musical saw

* [[Daxophone]]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theremin Theremin (originally named Termenvox)]

[[~~Category:Instruments~~]]

== See also ==

~~[[Category:Practice]]~~

* [[List of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]]

[~~[Category~~:~~Tools]~~]

== Further reading ==

* Hugh Davies/Alexander Bonus, [https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0003unse_w4m2/page/459/ Microtonal instruments], The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, Second Edition, 2014

[[Category:~~Todo:expand~~]]

[[Category:Instruments| ]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Information on how to get musical instruments to play music in a variety of tunings.
+{{Catrel|Instruments}}
-See also [[The Great Xenharmonic Fixed-Pitch Instrument Database]] .
+Many kinds of musical instruments can be used to play [[microtonal music]], ranging from non-microtonal instruments (i.e. designed to be played in [[12edo]]) to custom-designed xenharmonic instruments.
-* [[string_instruments|Strings]]
+Fixed pitch instruments make it easier for musicians to play notes accurately and reliably, although they give access to a limited set of pitches. Many non-microtonal instruments can be played microtonally without any modification to the instrument by using extended techniques, such as microtonal fingerings on woodwinds. Non-microtonal instruments can also be modified, either temporarily or permanently; this includes notably nonstandard (open) tunings on string instruments and [[Guitar#Refretting|guitar refretting]]. Finally, new instruments can be created from scratch; many such custom-designed instruments can be found in the [[list of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]].
-** fretted: [[microguitar|guitars]], [[microbass|bass]], banjo, mandolin, [[Fun_With_Microtones|ukulele]], balalaika, viol, sitar, etc.
-** (unfretted) [[MicrotonalBowedStrings|violin etc.]], oud, [[qanun]], [[microbass|fretless bass]], harps, zithers, hammer dulcimers, dan bau
-** [[autoharp]]
-** [[moodswinger]]
-** [http://chrisvaisvil.com/?p=789 Home Made Canon]
-** [http://bp.b0b.com/2012/11/sierra-pedal-steel/ pedal steel]
-** [http://chrisvaisvil.com/diy-temporary-cable-tie-guitar-frets-version-2/ Cable Tie Frets] - instruction and examples on using cable ties as frets on a defretted guitar
-* [[microtonal_brass|Brass]]:
-** [[microtonal_trumpet|Trumpet]], [[microtonal_horn|Horn]], [[microtrombone|Trombone]] (duh!), [[microtonal_tuba|Tuba]], digeridoo, alphorn
-** [http://bwhisperer.com/index bwhisperer.com] JI-oriented website, "The Brass Whisperer's main aim is to play with subtle music tunings and coax brass players (and other musicians) into achieving delicious harmonies."
-* [[microtonal woodwinds|Woodwinds]]
-** Reedless Instruments: [[Flutes]], [[microrecorder|Recorders]], [[Whistles]]
-** Reed Instruments: [[Bassoons]], [[microtonal_clarinet|Clarinets]], [[Saxophones]], [[Oboes]]
-* [[mallet percussion|Percussion]]
-** [[mallet percussion|mallet keyboards]]: vibraphone, xylophone, [[marimba]], glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.
-** tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing
-** bells: [[carillon]], [[Conic_Bellophone_in_96edo|conic bellophone]], [[tubulong]], amglocken, handbells, [[zoomoozophone]], [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm sound tower/sound cube]
-** lamellophones: [[kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula
-** friction idiophones: musical saw, wine glasses, [[nail_violin|nail violin]], [[Daxophone]]
-* [[Microtonal_Keyboards|Keyboards]]: Piano, Harpsichord, Organ, Clavichord, but also Synthesizers
-* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:
+Continuous pitch instruments give access to a wider range of pitches, but often require more skill to be played accurately and reliably. The human voice falls in this category, along with other standard instruments such as [[bowed strings]] and [[trombone]]s. Some extended techniques allow for continuous pitch adjustments, even on fixed pitch instruments, such as [[Wikipedia:String bending|string bending]] on guitars and lip bending on wind instruments like [[trumpet]]s and saxophones. Several custom instruments also fall in this category, including the [[udderbot]] and the [[Infinitone]].
-** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal_Music_Study_using_specialized_chromatic_keyboards_and_Web_Audio_API|&ldquo;Microtonal Music Study&rdquo; family]]
-** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook] [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]
+The following is a non-exhaustive list of instruments which can be used to play xenharmonic music. You can find additional information by following the links to each instrument's dedicated page.
-* [[Free Reeds]]:
+== String instruments ==
+=== Plucked strings ===
+* Fretted:
+**[[Guitar]]
+** [[Electric bass]]
+**[[Pedal steel guitar]]
+**[[Fun With Microtones|Ukulele]]
+** Others: banjo, bouzuki, mandolin, balalaika, sitar, [[Wikipedia:Moodswinger|moodswinger]], etc.
+* Fretless:
+**[[Autoharp]]
+** [[Electric bass|Fretless bass]]
+** [[Qanun]]
+** Others: oud, harp, zither (including kantele), hammer dulcimer, [[Wikipedia:Đàn bầu|đàn bầu]], etc.
+* Keyboard plucked strings
+** Harpsichord
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add information about harpsichords, including microtonal harpsichords.}}
+=== Bowed strings ===
+* Fretted:
+** [[Bowed strings|Viol family and other bowed fretted strings]] (viola da gamba, some types of violone, baryton, arpeggione, GuitarViol, fretted violin, etc.)
+* Fretless:
+** [[Bowed strings|Violin family]] (violin, viola, cello, bass, some types of violone, etc.)
+** Others: [[Wikipedia:Huqin|huqin]], etc.
+== Wind instruments ==
+=== Brass instruments ===
+* [[Flugelhorn]]
+* [[Horn]]
+* [[Trumpet]]
+* [[Trombone]]
+* Others: tuba, digeridoo, alphorn, etc.
+=== Woodwind instruments ===
+* Reedless:
+** [[Flute]]
+** [[Recorder]]
+** [[Shakuhachi]]
+** [[Whistle]]
+** Others: khaen, some very small organs, etc.
+* Reed:
+** [[Bassoon]]/contrabassoon
+** Oboe
+** English horn
+** Heckelphone/Lupophone
+** [[Clarinet]]
 ** [[Harmonica]]
-** Reed Organs, Accordion, Melodica, Khaen, etc.
+** [[Saxophone]]
-* Others: [[udderbot]], [[tubulong]], [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 balloon flute]
+** [[Fretless saxophone]]
-* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List_of_Microtonal_Software_Plugins|plugins]]
+** Others: reed organ, regal, accordion, melodica, etc.
+* Combination:
+** Organ (usually has both flue and reed stops, and may also have percussion stops, especially in the case of theatre organs)
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add organ information page including microtonal organs.}}
+=== Others ===
+* [http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/oddmusic/message/17051 Balloon flute]{{dead link}}
+* [[Infinitone]]
+* [[Udderbot]]
+== Percussion instruments ==
+* Mallet keyboards:
+** [[Marimba]]
+** Others: vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, crotales, lithophone, etc.
+* Tuned drums: timpani, rototoms, pat waing, etc.
+* Bells:
+**[[Conic Bellophone in 96edo|Conic bellophone]]
+** [http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/instr/kk.htm Sound tower/sound cube]{{dead link}}
+**[[Tubulong]]
+** Others: carillon, amglocken, handbells, etc.
+* Lamellophones:
+** [[Kalimba (mbira)]], marimbula
+* Friction idiophones:
+** [[Daxophone]]
+** Others: musical saw, wine glasses, nail violin, etc.
+* Hammered dulcimers (including [[wikipedia:yangqin|yangqin]] and lavachord, the latter of which also belongs to keyboard instruments)
+** Finger-hammered dulcimers: [[harpejji]].
+* [[Keyboard]]s: piano, tangent piano (including [[fluid piano]]), organ (when equipped with percussion stops), clavichord (including the Clavinet and its derivatives).
+{{todo|inline=1|complete section|text=Add clavichord information page including microtonal derivatives of the Clavinet.}}
+== Electronic instruments ==
+* [[Software]], [[DAWs]], [[List of Microtonal Software Plugins|plugins]]
+* Synthesizers:
+** [[Lumatone]]
+** [[SoMa Terra]]
+** Others: see [[Keyboard#List of generalized keyboards]]
+* [[Novation Launchpad]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
+* Web browser-based on-screen keyboards:
+** [[User:SAKryukov#Microtonal Fabric|&ldquo;Microtonal Fabric&rdquo; family]]
+** ReTuner: [https://www.facebook.com/retuner on facebook], [https://encyclotronic.com/apps/microtonal/retuner-r24 on Encyclotronic]{{dead link}}
 == Tuning-agnostic instruments ==
 These instruments can play in any microtonal scale out-of-the-box, because 12edo is not a part of their manufacture:
+*[[Daxophone]]
 * Fretless string instruments
 ** Fretless bass
 ** Fretless guitar
+** Oud
 ** Violin, viola, cello, double bass (the string quartet is a whole tuning-agnostic ensemble)
-** Oud
+* Musical saw
 * String instruments with one pitch per string
-** Hammered dulcimer
+** Hammered dulcimer (when provided with on-the-fly adjustable tuning mechanism, such as fluid dulcimer or the more modern versions of [[Wikipedia:Yangqin|Yangqin]])
+* [[Wikipedia:Ondes Martenot|Ondes Martenot]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Theremin|Theremin]]
+* [[Wikipedia:Trautonium|Trautonium]]
 * Wind instruments with a slide or other continuous pitch control
 ** Trombone
+** [[Fretless saxophone]]
+** [[Infinitone]]
 ** [[Udderbot]]
-* Musical saw
-* [[Daxophone]]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theremin Theremin (originally named Termenvox)]
-[[Category:Instruments]]
+== See also ==
-[[Category:Practice]]
+* [[List of xenharmonic fixed pitch instruments]]
-[[Category:Tools]]
+== Further reading ==
+* Hugh Davies/Alexander Bonus, [https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0003unse_w4m2/page/459/ Microtonal instruments], The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, Second Edition, 2014
-[[Category:Todo:expand]]
+[[Category:Instruments| ]] <!-- main article -->