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19edo chords: Difference between revisions

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In contrast to [[12edo]] chords, [[19edo]] has four instead of the usual two main tertian chord qualities which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.
In contrast to [[12edo]] chords, [[19edo]] has four instead of the usual two main tertian chord qualities, which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.


19edo approximates intervals with factors of 2 ([[2/1]]), 3 ([[3/2]]), 5 ([[5/4]], [[5/3]], [[6/5]]) and 7 ([[7/6]], [[7/4]], [[27/14]]) quite well. This essentially means that normal chords – like in 12edo – can be represented nicely in 19edo.
19edo approximates intervals with factors of 2 ([[2/1]]), 3 ([[3/2]]), 5 ([[5/4]], [[5/3]], [[6/5]]), and some intervals involving 7 ([[9/7]], [[27/14]]) quite well. This essentially means that normal chords, like in 12edo, can be represented nicely in 19edo.


Despite that enharmonics work differently in 19edo, pitches can be written down with standard notation.
Despite that [[enharmonic equivalence]] works differently in 19edo, pitches can be written down with [[Chain-of-fifths notation|standard notation]].


== Triads ==
== Triads ==
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo]].
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
!Notes
! Notes
! Steps
! Steps
! Cents
! Cents
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| Major
| Major
| C
| C
|C E G
| C–E–G
| 0-6-11
| 0–6–11
| 0-379-695
| 0–379–695
| [[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor
| Minor
| Cm, C-
| Cm, Cmin
|C Eb G
| C–E♭–G
| 0-5-11
| 0–5–11
| 0-316-695
| 0–316–695
| [[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| SuperMajor
| Supermajor,<br />Major sharp 3
| Csmaj
| Csmaj, C(♯3), Cmaj(♯3)
|C E# G
| C–E♯–G
| 0-7-11
| 0–7–11
| 0-442-695
| 0–442–695
| [[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| SubMinor
| Subminor,<br />Minor flat 3
| Csmin
| Csmin, Cmin(♭3)
|C Ebb G
| C–E𝄫–G
| 0-4-11
| 0–4–11
| 0-253-695
| 0–253–695
| [[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| sus4
| Sus4
| Csus4
| Csus4
|C F G
| C–F–G
| 0-8-11
| 0–8–11
| 0-505-695
| 0–505–695
| [[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| sus2
| Sus2
| Csus2
| Csus2
|C D G
| C–D–G
| 0-3-11
| 0–3–11
| 0-189-695
| 0–189–695
| [[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Diminished
| Diminished
| Cdim, C°
| Cdim, C°
|C Eb Gb
| C–E♭–G♭
| 0-5-10
| 0–5–10
| 0-316-632
| 0–316–632
| [[File:Cdim (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cdim (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Augmented
| Augmented
| Caug, C+
| Caug, C+
|C E G#
| C–E–G♯
| 0-6-12
| 0–6–12
| 0-379-758
| 0–379–758
| [[File:Caug (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Caug (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}
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=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
! Notes
! Steps
! Steps
! Cents
! Cents
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| Major seventh
| Major seventh
| Cmaj7
| Cmaj7
| 0-6-11-17
| C–E–G–B
| 0-379-695-1074
| 0–6–11–17
| 0–379–695–1074
| [[File:Cmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Dominant seventh
| Dominant seventh
| C7
| C7
| 0-6-11-16
| C–E–G–B♭
| 0-379-695-1011
| 0–6–11–16
| 0–379–695–1011
| [[File:C7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Harmonic seventh
| Harmonic seventh
| Ch7
| Ch7
| 0-6-11-15
| C–E–G–B𝄫
| 0-379-695-947
| 0–6–11–15
| 0–379–695–947
| [[File:Ch7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Ch7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Sixth
| Sixth
| C6
| C6
| 0-6-11-14
| C–E–G–A
| 0-379-695-884
| 0–6–11–14
| 0–379–695–884
| [[File:C6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:C6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}
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=== Minor chords ===
=== Minor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
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| 0-5-11-16
| 0-5-11-16
| 0-316-695-1011
| 0-316-695-1011
|[[File:Cm7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor major seventh
| Minor major seventh
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| 0-5-11-17
| 0-5-11-17
| 0-316-695-1074
| 0-316-695-1074
|[[File:Cmmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cmmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Minor augmented six
| Minor augmented six
|Cm+6
| Cm+6
|0-5-11-15
| 0-5-11-15
|0-316-695-947
| 0-316-695-947
|[[File:Cm+6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm+6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor six
| Minor six
Line 138: Line 146:
| 0-5-11-14
| 0-5-11-14
| 0-316-695-884
| 0-316-695-884
|[[File:Cm6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor seven flat six (NT aeolian seven)
| Minor seven flat six (NT aeolian seven)
| Cm7(b6) [Faeol7]
| Cm7(♭6) [Faeol7]
| 0-5-13-16
| 0-5-13-16
| 0-316-821-1011
| 0-316-821-1011
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=== Supermajor chords ===
=== Supermajor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 156: Line 165:
|-
|-
| Supermajor seventh
| Supermajor seventh
| Csmaj7
| Csmaj7, Cmaj7(♯3, ♯7)
| 0-7-11-18
| 0-7-11-18
| 0-442-695-1137
| 0-442-695-1137
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=== Subminor chords ===
=== Subminor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
Line 171: Line 181:
|-
|-
| Subminor seventh
| Subminor seventh
| Csmin7
| Csmin7, Cmin7(♭3, ♭7)
| 0-4-11-15
| 0-4-11-15
| 0-253-695-947
| 0-253-695-947
Line 189: Line 199:
| 0-5-10-15
| 0-5-10-15
| 0-316-632-947
| 0-316-632-947
|[[File:Cdim7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cdim7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Minor seven flat five<br>(half-diminished)
| Minor seven flat five<br>(half-diminished)
| Cm7(b5), Cø7
| Cm7(♭5), Cø7
| 0-5-10-16
| 0-5-10-16
| 0-316-632-1011
| 0-316-632-1011
|[[File:Cm7b5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| [[File:Cm7b5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Augmented chords ===
=== Augmented chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Symbol
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|-
|-
| Augmented seven
| Augmented seven
| Caug7, C+7, C7#5
| Caug7, C+7, C7♯5
| 0-6-12-16
| 0-6-12-16
| 0-379-758-1011
| 0-379-758-1011
Line 213: Line 224:
|-
|-
| Major seven sharp five
| Major seven sharp five
| Cmaj7#5
| Cmaj7♯5
| 0-6-12-18
| 0-6-12-18
| 0-379-758-1137
| 0-379-758-1137
Line 220: Line 231:


== Pentads (ninth chords) ==
== Pentads (ninth chords) ==
=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Steps
! Cents
! Audio
|-
| Major ninth
| Cmaj9
| 0-6-11-17-22
| 0-379-695-1074-1389
| [[File:Cmaj9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant ninth
| C9
| 0-6-11-16-22
| 0-379-695-1011-1389
| [[File:C9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant seven flat nine
| C7(♭9)
| 0-6-11-16-21
| 0-379-695-1011-1326
| [[File:C7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic ninth
| Ch9
| 0-6-11-15-22
| 0-379-695-947-1389
| [[File:Ch9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic seven flat nine
| Ch7(♭9)
| 0-6-11-15-21
| 0-379-695-947-1326
| [[File:Ch7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|}
== Ups and downs notation ==
Various [[19edo]] triads, 6th and 7th chords, named via [[Ups and downs notation|ups and downs]]. Not meant to be exhaustive, but this list does demonstrate the basic rules for naming. The aug 6th and the dim 7th are the same interval, and chords that use that interval can be named as either a 6th chord or a 7th chord.
Highly implausible chords are written as a more plausible [[Chord homonym|homonym]], e.g. 0-8-12 = C4(a5) becomes 8-12-19 = F(d3). "a" stands for augmented and "d" stands for diminished.


=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Major ninth
! colspan="2" |third ---->
|Cmaj9
! d3
|0-6-11-17-22
! m3
|0-379-695-1074-1389
! M3
|[[File:Cmaj9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
! a3/d4
! P4
|-
! colspan="2" |Triads with P5
| C(d3)
| Cm
| C
| C(a3)
| C4
|-
! rowspan="2" |Other
triads
!d5
|Cd(d3)
|Cd
|C(b5)
|C(a3b5)
|C4(b5)
|-
!a5
|''G#(a3)''
|''G#a(a3)''
|Ca
|Ca(a3)
|''F(d3)''
|-
! rowspan="5" |Tetrads
with a
 
P5
! M6
| C6(d3)
| Cm6
| C6
| C6(a3)
| C4,6
|-
! A6
d7
| C(d3)#6
C(d3)d7
| Cm#6
Cmd7
| C,#6
C,d7
| C(a3)#6
C(a3)d7
| C4#6
C4d7
|-
! m7
| C7(d3)
| Cm7
| C7
| C7(a3)
| C4,7
|-
! M7
| CM7(d3)
| CmM7
| CM7
| CM7(a3)
| C4M7
|-
! A7
| Ca7(d3)
| Cm#7
| C,#7
| C(a3)#7
| C4#7
|}
 
A comma (the actual punctuation mark ",") is spoken as "add", thus C,v7 is "C add-down-seven". The only exception is when a comma separates two numbers, as in C4,7 which is "C four-seven". A comma is written, and "add" is spoken, whenever not doing so would cause confusion with another chord.
 
4:5:6:7 = C E G vBb is named C add-dim7. To get a shorter name for this important chord, one could call it a harmonic7 chord, or one could borrow from [[color notation]] to call it a har7 chord, written Ch7. Names for subharmonic chords can be similarly shortened.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|Dominant ninth
! Chord
|C9
! Notes
|0-6-11-16-22
! colspan="2" | Ups and downs name
|0-379-695-1011-1389
! colspan="2" | Color name
|[[File:C9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Dominant seven flat nine
| 4:5:6:7
|C7(b9)
| C E G Bbb
|0-6-11-16-21
| C add-dim-7
|0-379-695-1011-1326
| C,d7
|[[File:C7b9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| C har7
| Ch7
|-
|-
|Harmonic ninth
|4:5:6:7:9
|C E G Bbb D
|C nine dim-7
|C9(d7)
|C har9
|Ch9
|Ch9
|0-6-11-15-22
|0-379-695-947-1389
|[[File:Ch9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Harmonic seven flat nine
| 7:6:5:4
|Ch7(b9)
| C Ebb Gbb Bbb
|0-6-11-15-21
| C dim-3 dim-7 double-dim5
|0-379-695-947-1326
| C(d3)d7(dd5)
|[[File:Ch7b9 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| C sub7
| Cs7
|-
| 12:10:8:7
| C Eb G A#
| C minor sharp-6
| Cm#6
| C sub6
| Cs6
|-
|9:7:6:5:4
|C E# G Bb D
|C nine aug-3
|C9(a3)
|Csub9
|Cs9
|}
|}
== See also ==
* [[15edo chord names]]
* [[22edo chord names]]
* [[24edo chord names]]
* [[31edo chord names]]
* [[41edo chord names]]
* [[Kite Guitar chord shapes (downmajor tuning)]]
[[Category:19edo]]
[[Category:19edo]]
[[Category:Chords]]
[[Category:Chords]]
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