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Indian music is one of the major microtonal traditions of the world (along with the [[Arabic,_Turkish,_Persian|Middle Eastern]] family of traditions).
'''Indian music''' is one of the major microtonal traditions of the world (along with the [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian|Middle Eastern]] family of traditions). It has two main subcategories: South Indian music known as Carnatic and North Indian music known as Hindustani.


The unit of measurement in the Indian system is the '''shruti''' (sometimes spelled śruti, sruti or shruthi), which corresponds roughly to a quarter-tone. There are 22 shrutis per octave, 13 per fifth and 9 per fourth. A size of 4 shruti for the major whole tone follows from that. The step sizes of the heptatonic scales ([[shadja_grama|shadja grama]], [[madhyama_grama|madhyama grama]]) are given as sequences of 4, 3, and 2 shruti.
The unit of measurement in the Indian system is the '''shruti''' (sometimes spelled śruti, sruti or shruthi), which corresponds roughly to a quarter-tone. There are 22 shrutis per octave, 13 per fifth and 9 per fourth. A size of 4 shruti for the major whole tone follows from that. The step sizes of the heptatonic scales ([[shadja grama]], [[madhyama grama]]) are given as sequences of 4, 3, and 2 shruti.


There is no single standardized non-ambiguous definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals.
There is no single standardized non-ambiguous definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals.
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An explanation about the shruti system and one traditional derivation of the 22 shrutis is available [http://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm here].
An explanation about the shruti system and one traditional derivation of the 22 shrutis is available [http://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm here].


Another example of a compilation of the shrutis, with explicit values of the intervals, can be found [[A_shruti_list|here]].
Another example of a compilation of the shrutis, with explicit values of the intervals, can be found in ''[[A shruti list]]''.


The system has been approximated by [[22edo|22edo]], though the traditional tuning system is unequal, and split-shruti systems may approximated by the 22&34d (or 12&22 or even 10&12 generalized [[Diaschismic_family|Diaschismic]] if simplicity or accuracy is no object) temperament.
The system has been approximated by [[22edo]], though the traditional tuning system is unequal, and split-shruti systems may approximated by the 22&34d (or 12&22 or even 10&12 generalized [[Diaschismic family|Diaschismic]] if simplicity or accuracy is no object) temperament.


The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shruti_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry on shrutis] gives a quite accurate approximation of the shruti system as a 22-note subset of [[53edo|53edo]]. (See also a discussion on the [https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_104546.html#104549 Yahoo tuning list] and immediately below for a duplication of the chart.
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shruti_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry on shrutis] gives a quite accurate approximation of the shruti system as a 22-note subset of [[53edo]]. (See also a discussion on the [https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_104546.html#104549 Yahoo tuning list])
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Shrutis
! colspan="2" |24-TET
! colspan="2" |106-TET
|-
!Name
!Ratio
!Cents
! colspan="2" |Frequency
(Hz)
!Name
!Step
!Cents
|-
|Chandovatī
|1
|0
| colspan="2" |261.6256
|C
| colspan="2" |0
|-
|
|36/35
|49
|269.1005
|269.2918
|C‡
|4
|45.28
|-
|Dayāvatī
|256/243
|90
|275.6220
| rowspan="2" |277.1826
| rowspan="2" |D♭
|8
|90.57
|-
|Ranjanī
|16/15
|112
|279.0673
|10
|113.21
|-
|
|49/45
|147
|284.8812
|285.3047
|D{{music|d}}
|13
|147.17
|-
|Ratikā
|10/9
|182
|290.6951
| rowspan="2" |293.6648
| rowspan="2" |D
|16
|181.13
|-
|Raudrī
|9/8
|204
|294.3288
|18
|203.78
|-
|
|81/70
|253
|302.73815
|302.2698
|D‡
|22
|249.06
|-
|Krodhā
|32/27
|294
|310.0747
| rowspan="2" |311.1270
| rowspan="2" |E♭
|26
|294.34
|-
|Vajrikā
|6/5
|316
| 313.9507
|28
|316.98
|-
|
|11/9
|347
|319.7646
|320.2437
|E {{music|d}}
|31
|350.94
|-
|Prasāriṇī
|5/4
|386
|327.0319
| rowspan="2" |329.6275
| rowspan="2" |E
|34
|384.91
|-
|Prīti
|81/64
|408
|331.1198
|36
|407.55
|-
|
|35/27
|449
|339.14425
|339.2864
|E‡/F {{music|d}}
|40
|452.83
|-
|Mārjanī
|4/3
|498
|348.8341
| rowspan="2" |349.2282
| rowspan="2" |F
|44
|498.11
|-
|Kṣhiti
|27/20
|519
|353.1945
|46
|520.75
|-
|
|135/98
|554
|360.2046
|359.4614
|F‡
|49
|554.72
|-
|Raktā
|45/32
|590
|367.9109
| rowspan="2" |369.9944
| rowspan="2" |F#
|52
|588.68
|-
|Sandīpanī
|729/512
|612
|372.5098
|54
|611.32
|-
|
|35/24
|653
|381.5373
|380.8361
|G {{music|d}}
|58
|656.6
|-
|Ālāpinī
|3/2
|702
|392.4383
|391.9954
|G
|62
|701.89
|-
|
|54/35
|751
|403.6509
|403.4818
|G‡
|66
|747.17
|-
|Madantī
|128/81
|792
|413.4330
| rowspan="2" |415.3047
| rowspan="2" |A♭
|70
|792.45
|-
|Rohiṇī
|8/5
|814
|418.6009
|72
|815.09
|-
|
|49/30
|849
|427.3218
|427.47405
|A‡
|75
|849.06
|-
|Ramyā
|5/3
|884
|436.0426
| rowspan="2" |440.0000
| rowspan="2" |A
|78
|883.02
|-
|Ugrā
|27/16
|907
|441.4931
|80
|905.66
|-
|
|243/140
|955
|454.1072
|452.893
|A {{music|t}}
|84
|950.94
|-
|Kṣobhinī
|16/9
|996
|465.1121
| rowspan="2" |466.1638
| rowspan="2" |B♭
|88
|996.23
|-
|Tīvrā
|9/5
|1017
|470.9260
|90
|1018.87
|-
|
|11/6
|1050
|479.6469
|479.8234
|B {{music|d}}
|93
|1052.83
|-
|Kumudvatī
|15/8
|1088
|490.5479
| rowspan="2" |493.8833
| rowspan="2" |B
|96
|1086.79
|-
|Mandā
|243/128
|1110
|496.6798
|98
|1109.43
|-
|
|35/18
|1151
|508.7164
|508.3552
|B‡/C {{music|d}}
|102
|1154.72
|-
|Chandovatī
|2
|1200
| colspan="2" |523.2511
|C
|106
|1200
|}


Some derivations in the light of modern temperament theory: ''[[Magic22 as srutis]]''


== Other links ==
* [http://tonalsoft.com/monzo/indian/indian.htm Article on indian tuning in Joseph Monzo's tuning encyclopedia]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/patrickmoutal/macmoutal/rag.html Patrick Moutal's Indian Music Page]
* [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Emrahaim/ Hindustani Music Resources] - downloads and links, compiled by Matt Rahaim
* http://www.musicresearch.in (redirected to [http://musicresearchlibrary.net/omeka/ MusicResearchLibrary]) - an indian music research portal
* [http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/ www.chandrakantha.com - Indian classical music]- portal on indian music, with detailed [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/ descriptions of a number of north indian rags]
* http://22shruti.com 22shruti.com


Some derivations in the light of modern temperament theory: [[Magic22_as_srutis|Magic22 and Shrutar22 as srutis]]


==Other links==
{{todo|inline=1|expand|research|Cultural expertise}}
[http://tonalsoft.com/monzo/indian/indian.htm Article on indian tuning in Joe Monzo's tuning encyclopedia]
[[Category:Indian music| ]] <!-- main article -->
 
[http://homepage.mac.com/patrickmoutal/macmoutal/rag.html Patrick Moutal's Indian Music Page]
 
[http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Emrahaim/ Hindustani Music Resources] - downloads and links, compiled by Matt Rahaim
 
http://www.musicresearch.in (redirected to [http://musicresearchlibrary.net/omeka/ MusicResearchLibrary]) - an indian music research portal
 
[http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/ www.chandrakantha.com - Indian classical music]- portal on indian music, with detailed [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/ descriptions of a number of north indian rags]
 
[http://22shruti.com 22shruti.com]
 
[[Category:todo:rename]]
[[Category:todo:expand]]
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