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Kite's color notation/Translations: Difference between revisions

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{{breadcrumb}}
== Explanation ==
== Explanation ==
[[color notation|Color]] notation, [[Ups and Downs Notation|Ups and Downs]] notation, and [[Pergen|Pergens]] notation can all be translated into other languages. Just like conventional notation, staff notation must be universal, and not vary by language. Many terms can be translated, but a few terms can't be. Just as one must learn a few Italian words like allegro and andante to read conventional staff notation, one must learn a few English words to read color notation. Fortunately, the full word needn't be learned, just the first letter.
[[Color notation]], [[ups and downs notation]], and [[Pergen]]s notation can all be translated into other languages. Just like conventional notation, staff notation must be universal, and not vary by language. Many terms can be translated, but a few terms can't be. Just as one must learn a few Italian words like allegro and andante to read conventional staff notation, one must learn a few English words to read color notation. Fortunately, the full word needn't be learned, just the first letter.


The color accidentals w, y, g, z and r must not vary. For example, Spanish speakers shouldn't translate yellow into amarillo, and then shorten it to amo. In order for terms such as 1o, 3u, 17a, etc. to be universal, -o, -u and -a for over, under and all must not vary. Thus wa, yo, gu, zo and ru are also invariant. Po and qu and p and q are invariant.   
The color accidentals w, y, g, z and r must not vary. For example, Spanish speakers shouldn't translate yellow into amarillo, and then shorten it to amo. In order for terms such as 1o, 3u, 17a, etc. to be universal, -o, -u and -a for over, under and all must not vary. Thus wa, yo, gu, zo and ru are also invariant. Po and qu and p and q are invariant.   
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L and s are invariant, as are la and sa. But the general terms large and small can be translated. This is analogous to an English speaker seeing "f" or "p" on a score and thinking loud/soft, not forte/piano. The translated words must not have any musical connotations such as major/minor or augmented/diminished or largo (slow tempo).
L and s are invariant, as are la and sa. But the general terms large and small can be translated. This is analogous to an English speaker seeing "f" or "p" on a score and thinking loud/soft, not forte/piano. The translated words must not have any musical connotations such as major/minor or augmented/diminished or largo (slow tempo).


Roman numerals are invariant, for chord progressions. P, M, m, a (aug) and d (dim) are invariant, for chord names and pergens. The spoken terms are of course translated into the usual terms for perfect, major, minor, etc. Many countries have adopted jazz chord names such as CM7, even if their word for major is dur. Pergens are never written on the score as quarter-fifth, but as (P8, P5/4). A pergen's enharmonic interval is written as C^^ = C♯. Edos can be indicated as ^1 = 1\31.
Roman numerals are invariant, for chord progressions. P, M, m, a (aug) and d (dim) are invariant, for chord names and pergens. The spoken terms are of course translated into the usual terms for perfect, major, minor, etc. Many countries have adopted jazz chord names such as CM7, even if their word for major is dur. Pergens are never written on the score as quarter-fifth, but as (P8, P5/4). A pergen's [[Enharmonic unisons in ups and downs notation|enharmonic unison]] is written as C^^ = C♯. Edos can be indicated as ^1 = 1\31.


The symbols ^ v / \ ~ ◇ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop, mid and plain can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall, since a melody can fall. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. All six terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  
The symbols ^ v / \ ~ ◇ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop, mid and plain can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall, since a melody can fall. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. All six terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Invariant terms
!Meanings
|-
|-
|  -o, -u, -a, -e
! Invariant terms
|over, under, all, exponent
! Meanings
|-
|-
|w, y, g, z, r
| -o, -u, -a, -e
|white, yellow, green, azure/azul, red
| over, under, all, exponent
|-
|-
|wa, yo, gu, zo, ru
| w, y, g, z, r
|(the long forms of the above)
| white, yellow, green, azure/azul, red
|-
|-
|ya, za, no, nowa
| wa, yo, gu, zo, ru
|yellow-all, azure-all, no (as in omit), no-white
| (the long forms of the above)
|-
|-
|p, q, po, qu
| ya, za, no, nowa
|pythagorean-over, pythagorean-under
| yellow-all, azure-all, no (as in omit), no-white
|-
|-
|L, s, la, sa
| p, q, po, qu
|large, small
| pythagorean-over, pythagorean-under
|-
|-
|h, s
| L, s, la, sa
|harmonic series, subharmonic series
| large, small
|-
|-
|T, i-
| h, s
|temperament, disambiguation prefix
| harmonic series, subharmonic series
|-
| T, i-
| temperament, disambiguation prefix
|}
|}
Languages that use non-Roman alphabets may write these terms in their own alphabets in text, but not on the score. Such languages have two columns in the table, one for each alphabet, and they have rows for the invariant terms.
Languages that use non-Roman alphabets may write these terms in their own alphabets in text, but not on the score. Such languages have two columns in the table, one for each alphabet, and they have rows for the invariant terms.


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== Western European languages ==
== Western European languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!
! English
! English
! German
! German
! French
! Spanish
! Spanish
! Portuguese
! Portuguese
! Italian
! Italian
! French
! Swedish
! Swedish
|-
|3
|w-
|w-
|hu-
|u-
|u-
|ou-
|v-
|-
|-
| 11
| 11
| l-
| l-
| l-
| l-
| onz-
|(o)nz-
| onc-
|(o)nz-
| onz-
|(u)ngi-
| un-? und-?
|(o)nz-
| l-
| l-
|-
|-
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| th-
| th-
| dr-
| dr-
| tr-
|t-
| tr-
|t-
| tr-
|t-
| tr-
|t-
| tr-
| tr-
|-
|-
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| s-
| s-
| s-
| s-
| s-
|si-
| s-
|x-
| s-
|sci-
| s-
|ch-
| sj-
| sj-
|-
|-
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| n-
| n-
| n-
| n-
| n-
|n(u)-
| n-
|n-
| n-
|n-
| n-
|n-
| n-
| n-
|-
|-
|20
| 20
|twe-
| twe-
|zwa-?
| zwa-?
|vingt-?
|ve-
|
|ve-
|
|ve-
|
|vé-
|
|  
|-
|-
|30
| 30
|thi-
| thi-
|
|  
|tren-?
|tre-
|
|tre-
|
|tre-
|
|tré-
|
|  
|-
|-
|40
| 40
|fo-
| fo-
|vie-?
| vie-?
|
|cue-
|
|cue-
|
|que-
|
|qué-
|
|  
|-
|-
|50
| 50
|fi-
| fi-
|fün-?
| fün-?
|
|quie-
|
|quie
|
|chie-
|
|quié-
|
|  
|-
|-
|60
| 60
|si-
| si-
|sech-?
| sech-?
|
|se-
|
|se-
|
|se-
|
|sé-
|
|  
|-
|-
| -1
| −1
| -w-
| -w-
| ein-
| ein-
| -un-
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| -un-
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| -um-
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| -un-
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| -ett-?
| -ett-?
|-
|-
| -3
| −3
| -th-
| -th-
| dr-
| dr-
| -tr-
|<nowiki>-tr-</nowiki>
| -tr-
|<nowiki>-tr-</nowiki>
| -tr-
|<nowiki>-tr-</nowiki>
| -tr-
|<nowiki>-tr-</nowiki>
| -tr-
| -tr-
|-
|-
| -7
| −7
| -s-
| -s-
| s-
| s-
| -s-
|<nowiki>-s-</nowiki>
| -s-
|<nowiki>-s-</nowiki>
| -s-
|<nowiki>-s-</nowiki>
| -s-
|<nowiki>-s-</nowiki>
| -sj-
| -sj-
|-
|-
| -9
| −9
| -n-
| -n-
| n-
| n-
| -n-
|<nowiki>-n-</nowiki>
| -n-
|<nowiki>-n-</nowiki>
| -n-
|<nowiki>-n-</nowiki>
| -n-
|<nowiki>-n-</nowiki>
| -n-
| -n-
|-
|-
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| large
| large
| groß
| groß
| grand
|gran(de)
| grande
|gran(de)
| grande
|gran(de)
| grande
|grand(e)
|
|  
|-
|-
| s
| s
| small
| small
| klein
| klein
| petit
|peque(ña)
| pequeña
|peque(na)
| pequena
|picco(la)
| piccolo
|peti(te)
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
| central
| central
| zentral
| zentral
|
|central
| central
|central
|
|central
|
|central
|
|  
|-
|-
| h
| h
| har
| har
| natur
| natur
|
|armo
| armo
|harmo
|
|armo
|
|harmo
|
|  
|-
|-
| s
| s
| sub
| sub
| sub
| sub
|
|subar
| sub
|subar
|
|subar
|
|subhar
|
|  
|-
|-
| ^
| ^
| up
| up
| oben
| oben
| haut?
|alto
| arriba
|alto
| cima?
|su
| su
|sur
|
|  
|-
|-
| v
| v
| down
| down
| unten
| unten
| bas?
|bajo
| abajo
|baixo
| baixo?
|giù
| giù
|sous
|
|  
|-
|-
| /
| /
| lift
| lift
| hebe
| hebe
|
|tirada
| levante
|tirada
|
|tirata
|
|tirée
|
|  
|-
|-
| \
| \
| drop
| drop
| senk
| senk
|
|suelta
| soltando
|solta
|
|sciolta
|
|lâchée
|
|  
|-
|-
|~
| ~
| mid
| mid
| mitt- /mittel-
| mitt- /mittel-
| milieu
|media
| medio
|meia
| meio
|media
| medio
|milieuse
|
|  
|-
|-
|◇
| ◇
| plain
| plain
| einfach, schlicht
| einfach, schlicht
|
|simple
| sencillo
|simple
|
|semplice
|
|simple
|
|  
|-
|-
| &
| &
| and
| and
| und
| und
|
|y
| y
|e
|
|e
|
|et
|
|  
|-
|-
| +
| +
| plus
| plus
| plus
| plus
|
|más
| mas
|mais
|
|ma
|
|plus
|
|  
|-
|-
| c
| c
| co-
| co-
|  
|  
|
|c-
|c-
|c-
|c-
|  
|  
|
|
|
|-
|-
| ca
| ca
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| klar
| klar
|
|
| claro
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
| 2
| 2
| bi-
| bi-
|  
|  
|
|bi-
|bi-
|bi-
|bi-
|  
|  
|
|
|
|-
|-
| 3
| 3
| tri-
| tri-
| dreifach?
| dreifach?
|
|tri-
| tri-?
|tri-
|
|tri-
|
|tri-
|
|  
|-
|-
| 4
| 4
| quad-
| quad-
| vierfach?
| vierfach?
|
|cua-
| cuad-?
|qua-
|
|qua-
|
|quad-
|
|  
|-
|-
| 5
| 5
| quint-
| quint-
| fünffach?
| fünffach?
|
|qui-
| quint-?
|qui-
|
|qui-
|
|quint-
|
|  
|-
|-
| 7
| 7
| sep-
| sep-
|  
|  
|
|sie-
|
|se-
|
|se-
|
|sep-
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
| 4thwd
| 4thwd
| quartwärts
| quartwärts
|
| cuartamente
| a cuarta
| quartamente
|
| cuartamente
|
| quartement
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
| 5thwd
| 5thwd
| quintwärts
| quintwärts
| quintamente
| quintamente
| quintamente
| quintement
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Some examples
!Intervals
!English
!German
!Spanish
!Portuguese
!Italian
!French
|-
|7/4
|zo seventh
|
|
| a quinta
|séptima zo
|sétima zo
|settima zo
|septime zo
|-
|13/11
|tholu third
|
|
|tercera tronzú
|terceira tronzú
|terza trongiù
|tierce tronzu
|-
|135/128
|layo unison
|
|
|unísono granyó
|terceira granyó
|terza graniò
|unison grandyo
|-
|256/243
|sawa second
|
|
|}
|segunda pequehuá
|segunda pequeuá
|seconda piccouà
|seconde petioua
|-
|81/80
|Gu comma


<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>: (1o refers to 11-over, and -1o refers to -1-over, e.g. -wo in thiwo and fowo)
gusma
|
|comma gu


'''English''': 1o = ilo ("low C"), 1a = ila (La solfege), 17o = iso (So solfege), 19o = ino ("no 3rd"), 19u = inu ("new key")
gusma (f)
|coma gu


'''German''': 19o = ino
gusma (f)
|comma gu


'''French''': 13a = itra (tra vs. trois), -3a = -itra-, 19o = ino
gusma (m)
|comma gu


'''Spanish''': -1o = -unó (31 vs. 31o), 19o = ino, '''Latin American Spanish only''': 17 = iso / isu / isa (z and s sound the same)
gusma (m)
|-
|225/224
|Ruyoyo comma
ruyoyosma
|
|coma ruyoyo
ruyoyosma (f)
|coma ruyoyo
ruyoyosma (f)
|comma ruyoyo
ruyoyosma (m)
|comma ruyoyo
ruyoyosma (m)
|}
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''


'''Portuguese''': 19o = ino
* The letter w in short form is invariant, but the long form ''wa'' can vary.
* In Spanish, the o- in onzo can be optionally ellided before a vowel, for example, like in onzuonzusma; but when there is two o's in a row it is necessary to ellide, like in onzonzosma (not *onzoonzosma).
* Additionally, the gran- can have a -d inserted for -wa, like in ''tercera granduá / tercera granhuá''
* In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. In German, "Ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A, and "NaturSieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7.


'''Italian''': 17u = isu (su means ^), 19o = ino, -1o = -unò or -unó (31 vs. 31o)
<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>: (1o refers to 11-over, and -1o refers to -1-over, e.g. -wo in thiwo and fowo)


'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
* '''English''': 1o = ilo ("low C"), 1a = ila (La solfege), 17o = iso (So solfege), 19o = ino ("no 3rd"), 19u = inu ("new key")
 
* '''German''': 19o = ino
In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. In German, "Ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A, and "NaturSieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7.
* '''French''': 19o = ino
 
* '''Spanish''': -1o = -unó (31 vs. 31o), 19o = ino
'''Spanish:''' the "c" in onco / oncu / onca is pronounced "s", as in once. (''Should it be onzo / onzu / onza?'' ''onso / onsu / onsa?'') 17o is so, not iso, because so and Sol sound distinctly different.
* '''Portuguese''': 19o = ino
* '''Italian''': 19o = ino, -1o = -unò or -unó (31 vs. 31o)


== Eastern European languages ==
== Eastern European languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
!Finnish
!Polish
!Hungarian
!Russian
|-
|-
|11
!
|l-
! English
|yks-
! Finnish
|
! Polish
|
! Hungarian
|
! Russian
|-
| 11
| l-
| yks-
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
|13
| 13
|th-
| th-
|kolm-
| kolm-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|17
| 17
|s-
| s-
|se-? s-?
| se-? s-?
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|19
| 19
|n-
| n-
|?
| ?
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|20
| 20
|twe-
| twe-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|30
| 30
|thi-
| thi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|40
| 40
|fo-
| fo-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|50
| 50
|fi-
| fi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|60
| 60
|si-
| si-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -1
| −1
| -w-
| -w-
| -yks-
| -yks-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -3
| −3
| -th-
| -th-
| -k-
| -k-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -7
| −7
| -s-
| -s-
| -s-
| -s-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -9
| −9
| -n-
| -n-
| ?
| ?
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|L
| L
|large
| large
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|s
| s
|small
| small
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|central
| central
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|h
| h
|har
| har
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|s
| s
|sub
| sub
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|^
| ^
|up
| up
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|v
| v
|down
| down
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|/
| /
|lift
| lift
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|\
| \
|drop
| drop
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|~
| ~
|mid
| mid
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|◇
| ◇
|plain
| plain
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|&
| &
|and
| and
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| +
| +
|plus
| plus
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|co-
| co-
|compound
| compound
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|ca
| ca
|clear
| clear
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|2
| 2
|bi-
| bi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|3
| 3
|tri-
| tri-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|4
| 4
|quad-
| quad-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|5
| 5
|quint-
| quint-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|7
| 7
|sep-
| sep-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|4thwd
| 4thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|5thwd
| 5thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|}
|}


Line 677: Line 757:
The -o suffix may change to -ö after yks-, thus 1o, 31o etc., may use yksö. The -u suffix may change to -y after yks- in 1u, 31u, etc.
The -o suffix may change to -ö after yks-, thus 1o, 31o etc., may use yksö. The -u suffix may change to -y after yks- in 1u, 31u, etc.


==Middle Eastern languages==
== Middle Eastern languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
!
!
!English
! English
! colspan="2" |Arabic
! colspan="2" | Arabic
!Turkish
! Turkish
! colspan="2" |Persian
! colspan="2" | Persian
! colspan="2" |Hebrew
! colspan="2" | Hebrew
|-
|-
|w
| w
|wa
| wa
|وا
| وا
|waa
| waa
|wa
| wa
|
|  
|wa
| wa
|
|  
|wa
| wa
|-
|-
|y
| y
|yo
| yo
|يو
| يو
|yoo
| yoo
|yo
| yo
|
|  
|yo
| yo
|
|  
|yo
| yo
|-
|-
|g
| g
|gu
| gu
|غو
| غو
|ghuu
| ghuu
|gu
| gu
|
|  
|gu
| gu
|
|  
|gu
| gu
|-
|-
|z
| z
|zo
| zo
|زو
| زو
|zoo
| zoo
|zo
| zo
|
|  
|zo
| zo
|
|  
|izo
| izo
|-
|-
|r
| r
|ru
| ru
|رو
| رو
|ruu
| ruu
|ru
| ru
|
|  
|ru
| ru
|
|  
|ru
| ru
|-
|-
|p
| p
|po
| po
|بو
| بو
|boo
| boo
|po
| po
|
|  
|po
| po
|
|  
|ipo
| ipo
|-
|-
|q
| q
|qu
| qu
|كو
| كو
|kuu
| kuu
|ku
| ku
|
|  
|ku
| ku
|
|  
|ku
| ku
|-
|-
|11
| 11
|l-
| l-
|إيل-
| إيل-
|iil-
| iil-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ilo, lu
| ilo, lu
|-
|-
|13
| 13
|th-
| th-
|ث-
| ث-
|th- (but they might say t-)
| th- (but they might say t-)
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|t-
| t-
|-
|-
|17
| 17
|s-
| s-
|س-
| س-
|s-
| s-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|s-
| s-
|-
|-
|19
| 19
|n-
| n-
|ن
| ن
|n-
| n-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ino, inu
| ino, inu
|-
|-
|20
| 20
|twe-
| twe-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|30
| 30
|thi-
| thi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|40
| 40
|fo-
| fo-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|50
| 50
|fi-
| fi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|60
| 60
|si-
| si-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -1
| −1
| -w-
| -w-
|
|
| -w-
|
|
|
|  
| -w-
| -w-
|
|
|
|
|-w-
|-
|-
| -3
| −3
| -th-
| -th-
|
|  
| -th- (but they might say -t-)
| -th- (but they might say -t-)
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-t-
| -t-
|-
|-
| -7
| −7
| -s-
| -s-
|
|
| -s-
|
|
|
|  
| -s-
| -s-
|
|
|
|
|-s-
|-
|-
| -9
| −9
| -n-
| -n-
|
|  
| -n-
| -n-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-n-
|-n-
|-
|-
|L
| L
|large
| large
|كبير
| كبير
|kabiir
| kabiir
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|גדול
| גדול
|gadol
| gadol
|-
|-
|s
| s
|small
| small
|صغير
| صغير
|Saghiir
| Saghiir
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|קטן
| קטן
|katan
| katan
|-
|-
|
|  
|central
| central
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|מרכזי
| מרכזי
|merkazi
| merkazi
|-
|-
|h
| h
|har
| har
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|har
| har
|-
|-
|s
| s
|sub
| sub
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|sub
| sub
|-
|-
|^
| ^
|up
| up
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|up
| up
|-
|-
|v
| v
|down
| down
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|down
| down
|-
|-
|/
| /
|lift
| lift
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|lift
| lift
|-
|-
|\
| \
|drop
| drop
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|drop
| drop
|-
|-
|~
| ~
|mid
| mid
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|בינוני
| בינוני
|benoni
| benoni
|-
|-
|◇
| ◇
|plain
| plain
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|פשוט
| פשוט
|pashut
| pashut
|-
|-
|&
| &
|and
| and
|
|  
| "and"/wa-
| "and"/wa-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ו-
| ו-
|ve-
| ve-
|-
|-
| +
| +
|plus
| plus
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|פלוס
| פלוס
|plus
| plus
|-
|-
|co-
| co-
|compound
| compound
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|רחב?
| רחב?
|rakhav?
| rakhav?
|-
|-
|ca
| ca
|clear
| clear
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|שקוף
| שקוף
|shakuf
| shakuf
|-
|-
|2
| 2
|bi-
| bi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|דו-
| דו-
|du-
| du-
|-
|-
|3
| 3
|tri-
| tri-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|תלת-
| תלת-
|tlat-
| tlat-
|-
|-
|4
| 4
|quad-
| quad-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|quad-
| quad-
|-
|-
|5
| 5
|quint-
| quint-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|quint-
| quint-
|-
|-
|7
| 7
|sep-
| sep-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|sep-? hepta-?
| sep-? hepta-?
|-
|-
|
|  
|4thwd
| 4thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|5thwd
| 5thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|}
|}


Line 1,118: Line 1,198:
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''


==South Asian languages==
== South Asian languages ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
!
!
!English
! English
! colspan="2" |Hindi
! colspan="2" | Hindi
|-
|-
|w
| w
|wa
| wa
|
|  
|wa
| wa
|-
|-
|y
| y
|yo
| yo
|
|  
|yo
| yo
|-
|-
|g
| g
|gu
| gu
|
|  
|gu
| gu
|-
|-
|z
| z
|zo
| zo
|
|  
|zo
| zo
|-
|-
|r
| r
|ru
| ru
|
|  
|ru
| ru
|-
|-
|p
| p
|po
| po
|
|  
|po
| po
|-
|-
|q
| q
|qu
| qu
|
|  
|qu
| qu
|-
|-
|11
| 11
|l-
| l-
|
|  
|gy-
| gy-
|-
|-
|13
| 13
|th-
| th-
|
|  
|t-
| t-
|-
|-
|17
| 17
|s-
| s-
|
|  
|s-
| s-
|-
|-
|19
| 19
|n-
| n-
|
|  
|n-
| n-
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |20, 30, 40, 50, 60
| colspan="3" | 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
|''(see below)''
| ''(see below)''
|-
|-
| colspan="3" | -1, -3, -7, -9
| colspan="3" | −1, −3, −7, −9
|''(see below)''
| ''(see below)''
|-
|-
|L
| L
|large
| large
|
|  
|baRaa
| baRaa
|-
|-
|s
| s
|small
| small
|
|  
|chhoTaa
| chhoTaa
|-
|-
|
|  
|central
| central
|
|  
|mukhya
| mukhya
|-
|-
|h
| h
|har
| har
|
|  
|bhu
| bhu
|-
|-
|s
| s
|sub
| sub
|
|  
|anu
| anu
|-
|-
|^
| ^
|up
| up
|
|  
|upar
| upar
|-
|-
|v
| v
|down
| down
|
|  
|neeche
| neeche
|-
|-
|/
| /
|lift
| lift
|
|  
|uThaa
| uThaa
|-
|-
|\
| \
|drop
| drop
|
|  
|giraa
| giraa
|-
|-
|~
| ~
|mid
| mid
|
|  
|madhya
| madhya
|-
|-
|◇
| ◇
|plain
| plain
|
|  
|saadaa
| saadaa
|-
|-
|&
| &
|and
| and
|
|  
|aur
| aur
|-
|-
| +
| +
|plus
| plus
|
|  
|plus
| plus
|-
|-
|co-
| co-
|compound
| compound
|
|  
|chauRaa?
| chauRaa?
|-
|-
|ca
| ca
|clear
| clear
|
|  
|berang
| berang
|-
|-
|2
| 2
|bi-
| bi-
|
|  
|dvi
| dvi
|-
|-
|3
| 3
|tri-
| tri-
|
|  
|tri
| tri
|-
|-
|4
| 4
|quad-
| quad-
|
|  
|chatur
| chatur
|-
|-
|5
| 5
|quint-
| quint-
|
|  
|pancha
| pancha
|-
|-
|7
| 7
|sep-
| sep-
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|4thwd
| 4thwd
|
|  
|ma ki or
| ma ki or
|-
|-
|
|  
|5thwd
| 5thwd
|
|  
|pa ki or
| pa ki or
|}
|}


Line 1,308: Line 1,387:
Hindi has a separate word for each number, not formed by combining the tens digit and the ones digit.
Hindi has a separate word for each number, not formed by combining the tens digit and the ones digit.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|-
|23-
!
|tweth-
! English
|
! colspan="2" | Hindi
|te'ees-
|-
| 23-
| tweth-
|  
| te'ees-
|-
|-
|29-
| 29-
|twen-
| twen-
|
|  
|untees-
| untees-
|-
|-
|31-
| 31-
|thiw-
| thiw-
|
|  
|iktees-
| iktees-
|-
|-
|37-
| 37-
|this-
| this-
|
|  
|saintees-
| saintees-
|-
|-
|41-
| 41-
|fow-
| fow-
|
|  
|iktaalees-
| iktaalees-
|-
|-
|43-
| 43-
|foth-
| foth-
|
|  
|taintaalees-
| taintaalees-
|-
|-
|47-
| 47-
|fos-
| fos-
|
|  
|saintaalees-
| saintaalees-
|-
|-
|53-
| 53-
|fith-
| fith-
|
|  
|tirepan-
| tirepan-
|-
|-
|59-
| 59-
|fin-
| fin-
|
|  
|unsaTh-
| unsaTh-
|-
|-
|61-
| 61-
|siw-
| siw-
|
|  
|iksaTh-
| iksaTh-
|}
|}


==Southeast Asian languages==
== Southeast Asian languages ==
 
== East Asian languages ==
== East Asian languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Mandarin
! colspan="2" |Japanese
! colspan="3" |Korean
!Vietnamese
|-
|-
|w
!
|wa
! English
|哇
! colspan="2" | Mandarin
|wā
! colspan="2" | Japanese
|ワ
! colspan="3" | Korean
|wa
! Vietnamese
|
|-
|
| w
|wa
| wa
|
| 哇
| wā
| ワ
| wa
|  
|  
| wa
|  
|-
|-
|y
| y
|yo
| yo
|哟
| 哟
|yō
| yō
|ヨ
| ヨ
|yo
| yo
|
|  
|
|  
|yo
| yo
|
|  
|-
|-
|g
| g
|gu
| gu
|咕
| 咕
|gū
| gū
|グ
| グ
|gu
| gu
|
|  
|
|  
|gyu
| gyu
|
|  
|-
|-
|z
| z
|zo
| zo
|咗
| 咗
|zuō
| zuō
|ゾ
| ゾ
|zo
| zo
|
|  
|
|  
|zo
| zo
|
|  
|-
|-
|r
| r
|ru
| ru
|噜
| 噜
|lū
| lū
|ル
| ル
|ru
| ru
|
|  
|
|  
|ryu
| ryu
|
|  
|-
|-
|p
| p
|po
| po
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|po
| po
|
|  
|
|  
|po
| po
|
|  
|-
|-
|q
| q
|qu
| qu
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ku
| ku
|
|  
|
|  
|qyu
| qyu
|
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" | 11
| rowspan="2" |l-
| rowspan="2" | l-
|一哦
| 一哦
|yīō
| yīō
|イチョ
| イチョ
| rowspan="2" |ich-
| rowspan="2" | ich-
| rowspan="2" |일
| rowspan="2" | 일
| rowspan="2" |一
| rowspan="2" | 一
| rowspan="2" |il-
| rowspan="2" | il-
|
|  
|-
|-
|一嗚
| 一嗚
|yīwū
| yīwū
|イチュ
| イチュ
|
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" | 13
| rowspan="2" |th-
| rowspan="2" | th-
|三哦
| 三哦
|sān'ō
| sān'ō
|ソ
| ソ
| rowspan="2" |s-
| rowspan="2" | s-
| rowspan="2" |삼
| rowspan="2" | 삼
| rowspan="2" |三
| rowspan="2" | 三
| rowspan="2" |sam-
| rowspan="2" | sam-
|
|  
|-
|-
|三嗚
| 三嗚
|sānwū
| sānwū
|ス
| ス
|
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |17
| rowspan="2" | 17
| rowspan="2" |s-
| rowspan="2" | s-
|七哦
| 七哦
|qīō
| qīō
|ショ
| ショ
| rowspan="2" |sh-
| rowspan="2" | sh-
| rowspan="2" |칠
| rowspan="2" | 칠
| rowspan="2" |七
| rowspan="2" | 七
| rowspan="2" |chil-
| rowspan="2" | chil-
|
|  
|-
|-
|七嗚
| 七嗚
|qīwū
| qīwū
|シュ
| シュ
|
|  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |19
| rowspan="2" | 19
| rowspan="2" |n-
| rowspan="2" | n-
|九哦
| 九哦
|jiǒuō
| jiǒuō
|キョ
| キョ
| rowspan="2" |ky-
| rowspan="2" | ky-
| rowspan="2" |구
| rowspan="2" | 구
| rowspan="2" |九
| rowspan="2" | 九
| rowspan="2" |gu-
| rowspan="2" | gu-
|
|  
|-
|-
|九嗚
| 九嗚
|jiǒuwū
| jiǒuwū
|キュ
| キュ
|
|  
|-
|-
|20
| 20
|twe-
| twe-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|30
| 30
|thi-
| thi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|40
| 40
|fo-
| fo-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|50
| 50
|fi-
| fi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|60
| 60
|si-
| si-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
| -1
| −1
| -w-
| -w-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ich-
| ich-
|일
| 일
|一
| 一
| -il-
| -il-
|
|  
|-
|-
| -3
| −3
| -th-
| -th-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|s-
| s-
|삼
| 삼
|三
| 三
| -sam-
| -sam-
|
|  
|-
|-
| -7
| −7
| -s-
| -s-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|sh-
| sh-
|칠
| 칠
|七
| 七
| -chil-
| -chil-
|
|  
|-
|-
| -9
| −9
| -n-
| -n-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|ky-
| ky-
|구
| 구
|九
| 九
| -gu-
| -gu-
|
|  
|-
|-
|L
| L
|large
| large
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|대
| 대
|大
| 大
|dae
| dae
|
|  
|-
|-
|s
| s
|small
| small
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|소
| 소
|小
| 小
|so
| so
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|central
| central
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|가운데
| 가운데
|
|  
|gaunde
| gaunde
|
|  
|-
|-
|h
| h
|har
| har
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|에이치
| 에이치
|
|  
|"aitch"
| "aitch"
|
|  
|-
|-
|s
| s
|sub
| sub
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|에스
| 에스
|
|  
|"ess"
| "ess"
|
|  
|-
|-
|^
| ^
|up
| up
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|상
| 상
|上
| 上
|sang
| sang
|
|  
|-
|-
|v
| v
|down
| down
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|하
| 하
|下
| 下
|ha
| ha
|
|  
|-
|-
|/
| /
|lift
| lift
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|승
| 승
|升
| 升
|seung
| seung
|
|  
|-
|-
|\
| \
|drop
| drop
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|낙
| 낙
|落
| 落
|nak
| nak
|
|  
|-
|-
|~
| ~
|mid
| mid
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|중
| 중
|中
| 中
|jung
| jung
|
|  
|-
|-
|◇
| ◇
|plain
| plain
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|&
| &
|and
| and
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|앤드
| 앤드
|
|  
|"and"
| "and"
|
|  
|-
|-
| +
| +
|plus
| plus
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|플러스
| 플러스
|
|  
|"plus"
| "plus"
|
|  
|-
|-
|co-
| co-
|compound
| compound
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|큰?
| 큰?
|
|  
|keun?
| keun?
|
|  
|-
|-
|ca
| ca
|clear
| clear
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|투명
| 투명
|透明
| 透明
|tumyeong
| tumyeong
|
|  
|-
|-
|2
| 2
|bi-
| bi-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|두번?
| 두번?
|<nowiki>-番</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-番</nowiki>
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|3
| 3
|tri-
| tri-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|세번?
| 세번?
|<nowiki>-番</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-番</nowiki>
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|4
| 4
|quad-
| quad-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|네번?
| 네번?
|<nowiki>-番</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-番</nowiki>
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|5
| 5
|quint-
| quint-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|다섯번?
| 다섯번?
|<nowiki>-番</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-番</nowiki>
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|7
| 7
|sep-
| sep-
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|4thwd
| 4thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|사도쪽
| 사도쪽
|<nowiki>-度-</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-度-</nowiki>
|sadojjok
| sadojjok
|
|  
|-
|-
|
|  
|5thwd
| 5thwd
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|오도쪽
| 오도쪽
|<nowiki>-度-</nowiki>
| <nowiki>-度-</nowiki>
|odojjok
| odojjok
|
|  
|}
|}


Line 1,872: Line 1,950:


'''Korean:''' -u for -under is -유 -yu. Thus g is gyu, r is ryu, and 19u is guyu.
'''Korean:''' -u for -under is -유 -yu. Thus g is gyu, r is ryu, and 19u is guyu.
[[Category:Color notation]]
[[Category:Color notation]]
[[Category:Just intonation]]
[[Category:Just intonation]]
[[Category:Notation]]
[[Category:Notation]]
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Kite%27s_color_notation/Translations"