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In contrast to [[12edo|12-EDO]] chords, [[19edo|19-EDO]] has four instead of the usual two main chord qualities which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.
In contrast to [[12edo]] chords, [[19edo]] has four instead of the usual two main tertian chord qualities, which opens up completely new territory for eager musicians/microtonalists to explore.


19-EDO approximates intervals with factors of 2, 3, 5 and 7 quite well. This essentially means that normal chords - like in 12-EDO - can be represented nicely in 19-EDO.
19edo approximates intervals with factors of 2 ([[2/1]]), 3 ([[3/2]]), 5 ([[5/4]], [[5/3]], [[6/5]]), and some intervals involving 7 ([[9/7]], [[27/14]]) quite well. This essentially means that normal chords, like in 12edo, can be represented nicely in 19edo.


Because enharmonics work differently in 19-EDO, pitches can be written down with standard notation.
Despite that [[enharmonic equivalence]] works differently in 19edo, pitches can be written down with [[Chain-of-fifths notation|standard notation]].


= Triads =
== Triads ==
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo|19edo.]]
Note that the cent values of the intervals are approximated. For detailed numbers, see [[19edo]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Major
! Chord name
|C
! Symbol
|0-6-11
! Notes
|0-379-695
! Steps
|[[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
! Cents
! Audio
|-
|-
|Minor
| Major
|Cm, C-
| C
|0-5-11
| C–E–G
|0-316-695
| 0–6–11
|[[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| 0–379–695
| [[File:C_(19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|SuperMajor
| Minor
|Csmaj
| Cm, Cmin
|0-7-11
| C–E♭–G
|0-442-695
| 0–5–11
|[[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| 0–316–695
| [[File:Cm (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|SubMinor
| Supermajor,<br />Major sharp 3
|Csmin
| Csmaj, Csaj, CS, C(♯3), Cmaj(♯3)
|0-4-11
| C–E♯–G
|0-253-695
| 0–7–11
|[[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| 0–442–695
| [[File:Csmaj (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|sus4
| Subminor,<br />Minor flat 3
|Csus4
| Csmin, Csin, Cs, Cmin(♭3)
|0-8-11
| C–E𝄫–G
|0-505-695
| 0–4–11
|[[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| 0–253–695
| [[File:Csmin (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|sus2
| Sus4
|Csus2
| Csus4
|0-3-11
| C–F–G
|0-189-695
| 0–8–11
|[[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
| 0–505–695
| [[File:Csus4 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Diminished
| Sus2
|Cdim, C°
| Csus2
|0-5-10
| C–D–G
|0-316-632
| 0–3–11
|
| 0–189–695
| [[File:Csus2 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Augmented
| Diminished
|Caug, C+
| Cdim, C°
|0-6-12
| C–E♭–G♭
|0-379-758
| 0–5–10
|
| 0–316–632
| [[File:Cdim (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic diminished,
Otonal diminished
| Cm(𝄫5), Cmin(𝄫5), Cd+
| C–E♭–G𝄫
| 0–5–9
| 0–316–568
| {{Todo|inline=1| add audio }}
|-
| Augmented, Magic
| Caug, C+, CJ
| C–E–G♯
| 0–6–12
| 0–379–758
| [[File:Caug (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


= Tetrads (Seventh chords) =
== Tetrads (sixth/seventh chords) ==
Because of interesting new features - the supermajor seventh and "harmonic" seventh - new tetrads are possible while existing ones can be preserved.
Because of interesting new features – the supermajor seventh and "harmonic" seventh/augmented sixth – new tetrads are possible while existing ones can be preserved.


=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Major seventh
! Chord name
|Cmaj7
! Symbol
|0-6-11-17
! Notes
|0-379-695-1074
! Steps
|
! Cents
! Audio
|-
| Major seventh
| Cmaj7, CM7
| C–E–G–B
| 0–6–11–17
| 0–379–695–1074
| [[File:Cmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Dominant seventh
| Dominant seventh
|C7
| C7
|0-6-11-16
| C–E–G–B♭
|0-379-695-1011
| 0–6–11–16
|
| 0–379–695–1011
| [[File:C7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Harmonic seventh
| Harmonic seventh,
|Ch7
Major subminor seventh
|0-6-11-15
| Ch7, C(s7), C(𝄫7)
|0-379-695-947
| C–E–G–B𝄫
|
| 0–6–11–15
| 0–379–695–947
| [[File:Ch7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Sixth
| Major sixth
|C6
| C6
|0-6-11-14
| C–E–G–A
|0-379-695-884
| 0–6–11–14
|
| 0–379–695–884
| [[File:C6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Minor chords ===
=== Minor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Minor seventh
! Chord name
|Cm7
! Symbol
|0-5-11-16
! Steps
|0-316-695-1011
! Cents
|
! Audio
|-
| Minor seventh
| Cm7
| 0-5-11-16
| 0-316-695-1011
| [[File:Cm7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Minor major seventh
| Minor major seventh
|Cmmaj7
| Cmmaj7, CmM7
|0-5-11-17
| 0-5-11-17
|0-316-695-1074
| 0-316-695-1074
|
| [[File:Cmmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Minor six
| Minor augmented sixth
|Cm6
| Cm+6, Cm(S6), Cm(♯6)
|0-5-11-14
| 0-5-11-15
|0-316-695-884
| 0-316-695-947
|
| [[File:Cm+6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
|-
|Minor seven flat six
| Minor sixth
|Cm7(b6)
| Cm6
|0-5-13-16
| 0-5-11-14
|0-316-821-1011
| 0-316-695-884
|
| [[File:Cm6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
| Minor seven flat six (NT aeolian seven)
| Cm7(♭6) [Faeol7]
| 0-5-13-16
| 0-316-821-1011
| [[File:Cm7b6 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Supermajor chords ===
=== Supermajor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Supermajor seventh
! Chord name
|Csmaj7
! Symbol
|0-7-11-18
! Steps
|0-379-695-1137
! Cents
|
! Audio
|-
| Supermajor seventh
| Csmaj7, Csaj7, CS(S7), Cmaj7(♯3, ♯7)
| 0-7-11-18
| 0-442-695-1137
| [[File:Csmaj7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Subminor chords ===
=== Subminor chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Subminor seventh
! Chord name
|Csmin7
! Symbol
|0-4-11-15
! Steps
|0-253-695-947
! Cents
|
! Audio
|-
| Subminor seventh
| Csmin7, Csin7, Cs(s7), Cs(𝄫7), Cmin7(♭3, ♭7)
| 0-4-11-15
| 0-253-695-947
| [[File:Csmin7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
|}


=== Diminished chords ===
=== Diminished chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
! Chord name
!Symbol
! Symbol
!Steps
! Steps
!Cents
! Cents
!Audio
! Audio
|-
|-
|Diminished seven
| Diminished seventh<br>(fully diminished)
(fully diminished)
| Cdim7, C°7
|Cdim7, C°7
| 0-5-10-15
|0-5-10-15
| 0-316-632-947
|0-316-632-947
| [[File:Cdim7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|
|-
|-
|Minor seven flat five
| Minor seven flat five<br>(half-diminished)
(half-diminished)
| Cm7(♭5), Cø7
|Cm7(b5), Cø7
| 0-5-10-16
|0-5-10-16
| 0-316-632-1011
|0-316-632-1011
| [[File:Cm7b5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|
|}
|}


=== Augmented chords ===
=== Augmented chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Chord name
!Symbol
!Steps
!Cents
!Audio
|-
|-
|Augmented seven
! Chord name
|Caug7, C+7, C7#5
! Symbol
|0-6-12-17
! Steps
|0-379-758-1011
! Cents
|
! Audio
|-
| Augmented seven, Magic seven
| Caug(7), CJ(7), C+(7), C7(♯5)
| 0-6-12-16
| 0-379-758-1011
| [[File:Caug7 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|-
| Supermajor seven sharp five, Magic supermajor seventh, Magic sharp seven, Augmented sharp seven, Augmented supermajor seventh, Major sharp five sharp seven
| Csmaj7(♯5), Csaj7(♯5), CJ(S7), Caug(♯7), Cmaj(♯5, ♯7)
| 0-6-12-18
| 0-379-758-1137
| [[File:Cmaj7-5 (19-EDO).mp3|frameless]]
|}
 
== Pentads (ninth chords) ==
=== Major chords ===
=== Major chords ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord name
! Symbol
! Steps
! Cents
! Audio
|-
| Major ninth
| Cmaj9, CM9
| 0-6-11-17-22
| 0-379-695-1074-1389
| [[File:Cmaj9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant ninth
| C9
| 0-6-11-16-22
| 0-379-695-1011-1389
| [[File:C9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Dominant seven flat nine
| C7(♭9)
| 0-6-11-16-21
| 0-379-695-1011-1326
| [[File:C7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
| Harmonic ninth,
Major subminor seven nine
| Ch9, C(s7, 9), C(𝄫7, 9)
| 0-6-11-15-22
| 0-379-695-947-1389
| [[File:Ch9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|-
|-
|Major seven sharp five
| Harmonic seven flat nine
|Cmaj7#5
Major subminor seven flat nine
|0-6-12-18
| Ch7(♭9), C(s7, ♭9), C(𝄫7, ♭9)
|0-379-758-1137
| 0-6-11-15-21
|
| 0-379-695-947-1326
| [[File:Ch7b9 (19-EDO).mp3| frameless]]
|}
|}
== Ups and downs notation ==
Various [[19edo]] triads, 6th and 7th chords, named via [[Ups and downs notation|ups and downs]]. Not meant to be exhaustive, but this list does demonstrate the basic rules for naming. The aug 6th and the dim 7th are the same interval, and chords that use that interval can be named as either a 6th chord or a 7th chord.
Highly implausible chords are written as a more plausible [[Chord homonym|homonym]], e.g. 0-8-12 = C4(a5) becomes 8-12-19 = F(d3). "a" stands for augmented and "d" stands for diminished.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |third ---->
! d3
! m3
! M3
! a3/d4
! P4
|-
! colspan="2" |Triads with P5
| C(d3)
| Cm
| C
| C(a3)
| C4
|-
! rowspan="2" |Other
triads
!d5
|Cd(d3)
|Cd
|C(b5)
|C(a3b5)
|C4(b5)
|-
!a5
|''G#(a3)''
|''G#a(a3)''
|Ca
|Ca(a3)
|''F(d3)''
|-
! rowspan="5" |Tetrads
with a
P5
! M6
| C6(d3)
| Cm6
| C6
| C6(a3)
| C4,6
|-
! A6
d7
| C(d3)#6
C(d3)d7
| Cm#6
Cmd7
| C,#6
C,d7
| C(a3)#6
C(a3)d7
| C4#6
C4d7
|-
! m7
| C7(d3)
| Cm7
| C7
| C7(a3)
| C4,7
|-
! M7
| CM7(d3)
| CmM7
| CM7
| CM7(a3)
| C4M7
|-
! A7
| Ca7(d3)
| Cm#7
| C,#7
| C(a3)#7
| C4#7
|}
A comma (the actual punctuation mark ",") is spoken as "add", thus C,v7 is "C add-down-seven". The only exception is when a comma separates two numbers, as in C4,7 which is "C four-seven". A comma is written, and "add" is spoken, whenever not doing so would cause confusion with another chord.
4:5:6:7 = C E G vBb is named C add-dim7. To get a shorter name for this important chord, one could call it a harmonic7 chord, or one could borrow from [[color notation]] to call it a har7 chord, written Ch7. Names for subharmonic chords can be similarly shortened.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chord
! Notes
! colspan="2" | Ups and downs name
! colspan="2" | Color name
|-
| 4:5:6:7
| C E G Bbb
| C add-dim-7
| C,d7
| C har7
| Ch7
|-
|4:5:6:7:9
|C E G Bbb D
|C nine dim-7
|C9(d7)
|C har9
|Ch9
|-
| 7:6:5:4
| C Ebb Gbb Bbb
| C dim-3 dim-7 double-dim5
| C(d3)d7(dd5)
| C sub7
| Cs7
|-
| 12:10:8:7
| C Eb G A#
| C minor sharp-6
| Cm#6
| C sub6
| Cs6
|-
|9:7:6:5:4
|C E# G Bb D
|C nine aug-3
|C9(a3)
|Csub9
|Cs9
|}
== See also ==
* [[15edo chord names]]
* [[22edo chord names]]
* [[24edo chord names]]
* [[31edo chord names]]
* [[41edo chord names]]
* [[Kite Guitar chord shapes (downmajor tuning)]]
[[Category:19edo]]
[[Category:Chords]]
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/19edo_chords"