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Primer for 19edo: Difference between revisions

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== Background ==
== Background ==
[[19edo]] can be an easy tuning for those with a little music theory background, but no xenharmonic experience.  Standard notation can be used (just be vigilant with spelling and watch enharmonic equivalents), and there are only 7 more notes than 12edo (making it the edo with the fewest notes more than 12 where standard notation can be used).
[[19edo]] can be an easy tuning for those with a little music theory background, but no xenharmonic experience.  Standard notation can be used (just be vigilant with spelling and watch enharmonic equivalents), and there are only 7 more notes than 12edo (making it the edo with the fewest notes more than 12 where standard notation can be used).
Music in what is essentially 19edo (1/3 comma [[meantone]]) dates back to the 16th century, contemporary with the initial proposals for [[12edo]].  Major and minor thirds and sixths in 19edo sound sweeter (i.e. are closer to common just intervals) than they do in 12edo, and the perfect fourth and fifth are almost as good as 12edo.  Longer scale fretted instruments like guitar and bass guitar have fret placements that don't require major modification of playing techniques, and isometric keyboard instruments can represent this tuning ergonomically with three rows of keys or buttons.  Because of its history, advantages, and playability, it is a strong choice for many players eager to experience music outside of 12edo.


== Notation ==
== Notation ==
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=== Solfege ===
=== Solfege ===
There are a lot of variants of solfege, depending on culture and tradition.  Some traditions use moveable "do," and others use fixed "do."  Typically, moveable "do" systems employ varying vowel sounds to note accidentals, whereas fixed "do" systems usually use sharp and flat accidentals as letter notation does.
There are a lot of variants of solfege, depending on culture and tradition.  Some traditions use moveable "do," and others use fixed "do."  Typically, moveable "do" systems employ varying vowel sounds to note accidentals, whereas fixed "do" systems usually use sharp and flat accidentals as letter notation does. One proposed modified solfege system is in the table below:
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Scale Degree
!Interval
!Alternative Interval
!Name
!Solfege
!Enharmonic Equivalents
|-
|1
|Unison
|
|Tonic
|do
|
|-
|bb2
|
|Diminished Second
|
|ro
|(di)
|-
|b2
|Minor Second
|
|
|ra
|
|-
|2
|Major Second
|
|Supertonic
|re
|
|-
|#2/bb3
|
|Augmented Second, Diminished Third
|
|ri / ma
|
|-
|b3
|Minor Third
|
|
|me
|
|-
|3
|Major Third
|
|Mediant
|mi
|
|-
|#3/b4
|
|Augmented Third, Diminished Fourth
|
|mo / fe
|
|-
|4
|Perfect Fourth
|
|Subdominant
|fa
|
|-
|#4
|Augmented Fourth
|
|
|fi
|
|-
|b5
|Diminished Fifth
|
|
|se
|
|-
|5
|Perfect Fifth
|
|Dominant
|sol
|
|-
|#5
|Augmented Fifth
|Diminished sixth
|
|si
|lo
|-
|b6
|Minor Sixth
|
|
|le
|
|-
|6
|Major Sixth
|
|Submediant
|la
|
|-
|bb7/#6
|Diminished Seventh
|Augmented Sixth
|
|ta / li
|
|-
|b7
|Minor Seventh
|
|
|te
|
|-
|7
|Major Seventh
|
|Subtonic
|ti
|
|-
|#7
|
|Augmented Seventh
|
|to
|(da)
|}
== Tuning (a stringed instrument) ==
== Tuning (a stringed instrument) ==
There are many approaches to tuning (if you are reading this, then that statement should seem ironic here), so tuning something like a guitar in 19edo might seem like a daunting task.
There are many approaches to tuning (if you are reading this, then that statement should seem ironic here), so tuning something like a guitar in 19edo might seem like a daunting task.
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E - 23 cents flat
E - 23 cents flat
Since electric bass usually has the same strings as a guitar, use the same scheme, but ignore the unused notes.  If you have a low B, use the same offset (in cents) as listed for the guitar's high B.  Since the tuning is based on the octave, it doesn't matter which octave.  Likewise, if you play guitar in drop D or DADGAD, just use the offsets for the notes you use to tune.
For violin or mandolin, just use the same offsets for G, D, A, and E.
For viola or 'cello, or mandola or mandocello, you will need to offset the C string only if the reference tone is not C standard.  For A standard, tune C 16 cents sharp.


== Major Scale ==
== Major Scale ==
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This chord structure is pleasant and consonant in 19edo, as it is in 12edo.
This chord structure is pleasant and consonant in 19edo, as it is in 12edo.
=== Roman numeral notation ===
Just how the staff and letter names of notes from 12edo can carry over into 19edo with a simple shift in mindset, roman numeral chord notation can be used in pretty much the same way it was used in 12edo.  Only the relationships between enharmonic equivalent chords are changed.
{| class="wikitable"
!Scale Degree
!Name
!Major Chord
!Minor Chord
|-
|1
|Tonic
|I
|i
|-
|bb2
|Supertonic
|bbII
|bbii
|-
|b2
|Supertonic
|bII
|bii
|-
|2
|Supertonic
|II
|ii
|-
|#2/bb3
|
|#II / bbIII
|#ii / bbiii
|-
|b3
|Mediant
|bIII
|biii
|-
|3
|Mediant
|III
|iii
|-
|#3/b4
|
|#III / bIV
|#iii / biv
|-
|4
|Subdominant
|IV
|iv
|-
|#4
|Subdominant
|#IV
|#iv
|-
|b5
|Dominant
|bV
|bv
|-
|5
|Dominant
|V
|v
|-
|#5
|Dominant
|#V
|#v
|-
|b6
|Submediant
|bVI
|bvi
|-
|6
|Submediant
|VI
|vi
|-
|bb7/#6
|
|bbVII / #VI
|bbvii / #vi
|-
|b7
|Subtonic
|bVII
|bvii
|-
|7
|Subtonic
|VII
|vii
|-
|#7
|Subtonic
|#VII
|#vii
|}
Again, there are sometimes, confusingly, other notation conventions.  For example, in common practice, the chords in the natural minor scale are i - ii° - bIII - iv - v - bVI - bVII, but since the minor scale is sometimes assumed, some people use the notation "i - ii° - III - iv - v - VI - VII" without the accidentals.  This is not expressly incorrect, but many consider it confusing.  In the case of xenharmonic music, it is recommended to use the accidental marks whenever possible to avoid the confusion introduced by notation that doesn't specify them, compounded by the complication of having more accidentals for which to account.
Another competing form of notation is [[Mason Green's New Common Practice Notation]].


=== Tricks in 19edo ===
=== Tricks in 19edo ===
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Primer_for_19edo"