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| A JI scale ''S'' is '''epimorphic''' if on the [[JI subgroup]] <math>A \leq \mathbb{Q}_{>0}</math> generated by the intervals of ''S'', there exists a linear map, called an '''epimorphism''', ''v'': ''A'' → ℤ such that ''v''(''S''[''i'']) = ''i'' for all ''i'' ∈ ℤ.
| | #redirect [[Detempering]] |
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| Epimorphism is strictly stronger than CS. The reader should verify that when one assumes ''S'' is CS but not that it is epimorphic, there is a unique mapping ''v'' that witnesses that ''S'' is CS. Thus ''S'' is epimorphic if and only if this mapping ''v'' is also linear.
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| An '''epimorphic temperament''' of an epimorphic scale ''S'' on a JI subgroup ''A'' is a temperament [[support]]ed by its epimorphism on ''A''. Some [[temperament]]s (including [[val]]s for small edos) can be used as epimorphic temperaments for small epimorphic scales despite their relatively low accuracy:
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| * The 2.3.5 temperament [[dicot]] supports [[nicetone]] (3L2M2s), [[blackdye]] (5L2M3s) and superzarlino (a 17-note epimorphic scale) scale structures.
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| * The 2.3.7 temperament [[semaphore]] supports [[archylino]] (2L3M2s), [[diasem]] (5L2M2s), and other scales in the [[Generator sequence|Tas series]].
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| == Example ==
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| Consider the Ptolemaic diatonic scale, {9/8, 5/4, 4/3, 3/2, 5/3, 15/8, 2/1}, which is nicetone with L = 9/8, M = 10/9, and s = 16/15. This scale is epimorphic because we can apply ⟨7 11 16], the [[7edo]] [[patent val]], to map the intervals into the number of scale steps:
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| <math>
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| \left(\begin{array} {rrr}
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| 7 & 11 & 16
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| \end{array} \right)
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| \left(\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}
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| -3 & -2 & 2 & -1 & 0 & -3 & 1 \\
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| 2 & 0 & -1 & 1 & -1 & 1 & 0 \\
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| 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0
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| \end{array}\right)
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| =
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| \left(\begin{array}{rrrrrrr}
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| 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7
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| \end{array}\right)
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| </math>
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| where the columns of the 3×7 matrix are the scale intervals written in [[monzo]] form. Hence, 7edo (equipped with its patent val) is an epimorphic temperament of the Ptolemaic diatonic scale. Indeed, 7edo supports dicot temperament.
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| == Facts ==
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| === Definition: constant structure (CS) ===
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| Given a [[periodic scale]] <math>S : \mathbb{Z} \to (0,\infty)</math> (with codomain written as ratios from ''S''(0) = 1 in the linear frequency domain), let <math>C_k = \{ S[i+k]/S[i] : i \in \mathbb{Z}\}</math> be the [[interval class|set of ''k''-steps]] of ''S''. Then ''S'' is [[constant structure]] (CS) if for any <math>i, j \in \mathbb{Z}, i \neq j,</math> we have <math>C_i \cap C_j = \varnothing.</math>
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| === Epimorphic scales are CS ===
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| {{proof|contents=
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| Let ''v'': ''A'' → ℤ be the epimorphism for ''s''. Let <math>x \in C_j.</math> Then there exists <math>i > 0</math> such that <math>S[i+j]/S[i] = x.</math> Suppose by way of contradiction there exist <math>k \neq j</math> and <math>i > 0</math> such that <math>S[i+k]/S[i] = x.</math>
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| Then <math>v(x) = v(S[i+j]/S[i]) = v(S[i+j]) - v(S[i]) = i + j - i = j,</math> but also <math>v(x) = v(S[i^\prime+k]/S[i^\prime]) = v(S[i^\prime+k]) - v(S[i^\prime]) = k,</math> a contradiction.
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| }}
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| === If the steps of a CS scale are linearly independent, then the scale is epimorphic ===
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| Theorem: Suppose ''S'' is a 2/1-equivalent increasing constant structure JI scale of length ''n''. Let <math>C_1</math> be the set of 1-steps of ''S'', and suppose that <math>C_1</math> is a basis for the JI subgroup ''A'' generated by it. Then there exists an epimorphism <math> v: A \to \mathbb{Z}</math> which is a val of ''n''-edo (and a similar statement holds for other equaves).
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| (The condition of <math>C_1</math> being a basis rather than merely a generating set cannot be omitted, since the scale {5/4, 32/25, 2/1} is CS but not epimorphic. The converse of this conditional also fails, as {9/8, 5/4, 3/2, 25/16, 2/1} is epimorphic under [[5edo]]'s [[patent val]].)
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| {{proof|contents=
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| Define the linear map <math>v:A \to \mathbb{Z}</math> by defining <math>v(\mathbf{s}) = 1</math> for any step <math>\mathbf{s} \in C_1</math> and extending uniquely by linearity. Then for any <math>i \in \mathbb{Z}</math> we have <math>v(S[i]) = v(S[i]/S[i-1]\cdots S[1]) = v(S[i]/S[i-1]) + \cdots + v(S[1]) = i,</math> whence ''v'' is an epimorphism. That <math>v(2) = n</math> is also automatic.
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| }}
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| [[Category:Scale]]
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