Just intonation subgroup

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By a just intonation subgroup is meant a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_abelian_group|group]] generated by a finite set of positive rational numbers via arbitrary multiplications and divisions. Any such group will be contained in a [[Harmonic Limit|p-limit]] group for some minimal choice of prime p, which is the prime limit of the subgroup. 

It is only when the group in question is not the entire p-limit group that we have a just intonation subgroup in the strict sense. Such subgroups come in two flavors: finite [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_a_subgroup|index]] and infinite index, where intuitively speaking the index measures the relative size of the subgroup within the entire p-limit group. For example, the subgroups generated by 4 and 3, by 2 and 9, and by 4 and 6 all have index 2 in the full 3-limit (Pythagorean) group. Half of the 3-limit intervals will belong to any one of them, and half will not, and all three groups are distinct. On the other hand, the group generated by 2, 3, and 7 is of infinite index in the full 7-limit group, which is generated by 2, 3, 5 and 7.

A canonical naming system for just intonation subgroups is to give a [[Normal lists|normal interval list]] for the generators of the group, which will also show the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_of_an_abelian_group|rank]] of the group by the number of generators in the list. Below we give some of the more interesting subgroup systems. If a scale is given with the system, it means the subgroup is generated by the notes of the scale.

===7-limit subgroups===

[2, 3, 7]
Ets: 5, 31, 36, 135, 571

Archytas Diatonic  [8/7, 32/27, 4/3, 3/2, 12/7, 16/9, 2/1]
Safi al-Din Septimal [8/7, 9/7, 4/3, 32/21, 12/7, 16/9, 2/1]

[2, 5, 7]
Ets: 6, 25, 31, 171, 239, 379, 410, 789

[2, 3, 7/5]
Ets: 10, 29, 31, 41, 70, 171, 241, 412

[2, 5/3, 7]
Ets: 12, 15, 42, 57, 270, 327

[2, 5, 7/3]
Ets: 9, 31, 40, 50, 81, 90, 171, 261

[2, 5/3, 7/3]
Ets: 27, 68, 72, 99, 171, 517

===11-limit subgroups===

[2, 3, 11]
Ets: 7, 15, 17, 24, 159, 494, 518, 653

Zalzal, al-Farabi's version [9/8, 27/22, 4/3, 3/2, 18/11, 16/9, 2/1]

[2, 5, 11]
Ets: 6, 7, 9, 13, 15, 22, 37, 87, 320

[2, 7, 11]
Ets: 6, 9, 11, 20, 26, 135, 161, 296

[2, 3, 5, 11]
Ets: 7, 15, 22, 31, 65, 72, 87, 270, 342, 407, 494

[2, 3, 7, 11]
Ets: 9, 17, 26, 31, 41, 46, 63, 72, 135

Ptolemy Intense Chromatic [22/21, 8/7, 4/3, 3/2, 11/7, 12/7, 2/1]

[2, 5, 7, 11]
Ets: 6, 15, 31, 35, 37, 109, 618, 960

===13-limit subgroups

[2, 3, 13]
Ets: 7, 10, 17, 60, 70, 130, 147, 277, 424

Mustaqim mode, Ibn Sina [9/8, 39/32, 4/3, 3/2, 13/8, 16/9, 2/1]

[2, 3, 7, 13]
Ets: 10, 26, 27, 36, 77, 94, 104, 130, 234

Buzurg [14/13, 16/13, 4/3, 56/39, 3/2]
Septimal tuning, Safi al-Din [8/7, 16/13, 4/3, 32/21, 64/39, 16/9, 2/1]
Septimal tuning, Ibn Sina [14/13, 7/6, 4/3, 3/2, 21/13, 7/4, 2]

Original HTML content:

<html><head><title>Just intonation subgroups</title></head><body>By a just intonation subgroup is meant a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_abelian_group" rel="nofollow">group</a> generated by a finite set of positive rational numbers via arbitrary multiplications and divisions. Any such group will be contained in a <a class="wiki_link" href="/Harmonic%20Limit">p-limit</a> group for some minimal choice of prime p, which is the prime limit of the subgroup. <br />
<br />
It is only when the group in question is not the entire p-limit group that we have a just intonation subgroup in the strict sense. Such subgroups come in two flavors: finite <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_a_subgroup" rel="nofollow">index</a> and infinite index, where intuitively speaking the index measures the relative size of the subgroup within the entire p-limit group. For example, the subgroups generated by 4 and 3, by 2 and 9, and by 4 and 6 all have index 2 in the full 3-limit (Pythagorean) group. Half of the 3-limit intervals will belong to any one of them, and half will not, and all three groups are distinct. On the other hand, the group generated by 2, 3, and 7 is of infinite index in the full 7-limit group, which is generated by 2, 3, 5 and 7.<br />
<br />
A canonical naming system for just intonation subgroups is to give a <a class="wiki_link" href="/Normal%20lists">normal interval list</a> for the generators of the group, which will also show the <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_of_an_abelian_group" rel="nofollow">rank</a> of the group by the number of generators in the list. Below we give some of the more interesting subgroup systems. If a scale is given with the system, it means the subgroup is generated by the notes of the scale.<br />
<br />
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc0"><a name="x--7-limit subgroups"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->7-limit subgroups</h3>
<br />
[2, 3, 7]<br />
Ets: 5, 31, 36, 135, 571<br />
<br />
Archytas Diatonic  [8/7, 32/27, 4/3, 3/2, 12/7, 16/9, 2/1]<br />
Safi al-Din Septimal [8/7, 9/7, 4/3, 32/21, 12/7, 16/9, 2/1]<br />
<br />
[2, 5, 7]<br />
Ets: 6, 25, 31, 171, 239, 379, 410, 789<br />
<br />
[2, 3, 7/5]<br />
Ets: 10, 29, 31, 41, 70, 171, 241, 412<br />
<br />
[2, 5/3, 7]<br />
Ets: 12, 15, 42, 57, 270, 327<br />
<br />
[2, 5, 7/3]<br />
Ets: 9, 31, 40, 50, 81, 90, 171, 261<br />
<br />
[2, 5/3, 7/3]<br />
Ets: 27, 68, 72, 99, 171, 517<br />
<br />
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:2:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc1"><a name="x--11-limit subgroups"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:2 -->11-limit subgroups</h3>
<br />
[2, 3, 11]<br />
Ets: 7, 15, 17, 24, 159, 494, 518, 653<br />
<br />
Zalzal, al-Farabi's version [9/8, 27/22, 4/3, 3/2, 18/11, 16/9, 2/1]<br />
<br />
[2, 5, 11]<br />
Ets: 6, 7, 9, 13, 15, 22, 37, 87, 320<br />
<br />
[2, 7, 11]<br />
Ets: 6, 9, 11, 20, 26, 135, 161, 296<br />
<br />
[2, 3, 5, 11]<br />
Ets: 7, 15, 22, 31, 65, 72, 87, 270, 342, 407, 494<br />
<br />
[2, 3, 7, 11]<br />
Ets: 9, 17, 26, 31, 41, 46, 63, 72, 135<br />
<br />
Ptolemy Intense Chromatic [22/21, 8/7, 4/3, 3/2, 11/7, 12/7, 2/1]<br />
<br />
[2, 5, 7, 11]<br />
Ets: 6, 15, 31, 35, 37, 109, 618, 960<br />
<br />
===13-limit subgroups<br />
<br />
[2, 3, 13]<br />
Ets: 7, 10, 17, 60, 70, 130, 147, 277, 424<br />
<br />
Mustaqim mode, Ibn Sina [9/8, 39/32, 4/3, 3/2, 13/8, 16/9, 2/1]<br />
<br />
[2, 3, 7, 13]<br />
Ets: 10, 26, 27, 36, 77, 94, 104, 130, 234<br />
<br />
Buzurg [14/13, 16/13, 4/3, 56/39, 3/2]<br />
Septimal tuning, Safi al-Din [8/7, 16/13, 4/3, 32/21, 64/39, 16/9, 2/1]<br />
Septimal tuning, Ibn Sina [14/13, 7/6, 4/3, 3/2, 21/13, 7/4, 2]</body></html>