Starling family
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The head of the starling family is starling, which tempers out 126/125, the starling comma or septimal semicomma. Starling has a normal list basis of [2, 3, 5]; hence a 5-limit scale can be converted to starling simply by tempering it. One way to do that, and an excellent starling tuning, is given by [[77edo]]. Other possible tunings are [[108edo]] and [[185edo]], and the nonpatent [[135edo]] val <135 214 314 379|. In starling, (6/5)^3 = 126/125 * 12/7, and minor thirds/major sixths are low complexity intervals. A suitable 5-limit scale to temper via starling will be one where there are chains of minor thirds. Starling has a 6/5-6/5-6/5-7/6 versions of the diminished seventh chord which is very characteristic of it. Since this is a chord of meantone temperament in wide use in Western common practice harmony long before 12edo established itself as the standard tuning, it is arguably more authentic to tune it as three stacked minor thirds and an augmented second, which is what it is in meantone, than as the modern version of four stacked very flat minor thirds. Because no appreciable tuning accuracy is lost by including 1029/1024 along with 126/125 in the comma list, which leads to [[Starling temperaments|valentine temperament]], there is a close relationship between the two. Even if tempering a 5-limit scale, one can assume valentine tempering. ===Vital statistics=== [[Comma]] c = 126/125 7- and 9-limit minimax: 3 and 7 just, 5 1/3c sharp [<1 0 0 0|, <0 1 0 0|, <1/3 2/3 0 1/3|, <0 0 0 1|] Eigenmonzos: 2, 8/7, 4/3 Minkowski lattice basis: 6/5 length 1.068, 5/4 length 1.206 Angle(6/5, 5/4) = 100.364 degrees Map to lattice: [<0 1 0 -2|, <0 1 1 1|] Map: [<1 0 0 -5|, <0 1 0 2|, <0 0 1 2|] Generators: 2, 3, 5 [[edo|EDOs]]: 12, 15, 16, 19, 27, 31, 34, 43, 46, 50, 58, 65, [[77edo|77]], [[108edo|108]], [[185edo|185]], <135 214 314 379| Scales: [[starling7]], [[starling8]], [[starling9]], [[starling11]], [[starling12]], [[starling15]], [[starling16]], [[starling17]], [[starling19]] ===[[Minkowski blocks]]=== 7: 25/24, 81/80 8: 16/15, 648/625 9: 27/25, 128/125 11: 16/15, 15625/15552 12: 128/125, 628/625 15: 128/125, 250/243 16: 648/625, 3125/3072 17: 25/24, 20480/19683 19: 81/80, 3125/3072 27: 128/125, 78732/78125 28: 648/625, 16875/16384 31: 81/80, 1990656/1953125 34: 15625/15552, 2048/2025 ==11 limit children== ===Thrush=== [[Comma|Commas]]: 126/125, 176/175 7 and 9 limit minimax [|1 0 0 0 0>, |0 1 0 0 0>, |1/3 2/3 0 1/3 0>, |0 0 0 1 0>, |-10/3 4/3 0 5/3 0>] [[Eigenmonzo|Eigenmonzos]]: 2, 7/6, 4/3 Lattice basis 5/4 length 0.8576 6/5 length 0.9314 Angle(5/4, 6/5) = 74.6239 degrees Map to lattice: [<0 1 1 1 3|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|] Map: [<1 0 0 -1 -5|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 5|] [[Generator|Generators]]: 2, 3, 5 EDOs: 89, 135, 224 13-limit Commas: 126/125, 176/175, 196/195 ====Bluebird==== Commas 126/125, 176/175, 144/143 ====Nightingale==== Commas: 126/125, 176/175, 66/65 [[edo|EDOs]]: [[31edo|31]], [[46edo|46]], [[58edo|58]], [[89edo|89]] ===Thrasher=== [[Comma|Commas]]: 126/125, 100/99 11-limit minimax [|1 0 0 0 0>, |1 3/4 0 1/4 -3/8>, |1 1/2 0 1/2 -1/4>, |0 0 0 1 0>, |2 -1/2 0 1/2 1/4>] [[Eigenmonzo|Eigenmonzos]]: 2, 8/7, 11/9 Lattice basis: 6/5 length 0.9089 5/4 length 1.2007 Angle(6/5, 5/4) = 98.8447 Map to lattice: [<0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 1 1 1 0|] Map: [<1 0 0 -1 2|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 2|] [[Generator|Generators]]: 2, 3, 5 13-limit Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 91/90 ====Mockingbird==== Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 40/39 ====Catbird==== Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 78/77 [[edo|EDOs]]: [[12edo|12]], [[15edo|15]], [[19edo|19]], [[34edo|34]] ===Aplonis=== Commas: 126/125, 540/539 13-limit Commas: 126/125, 144/143, 196/195 ===Spreo=== Starling can be extended to spreo with essentially no tuning accuracy penalty; [[135edo]] can be used for both of them. Commas: 126/125, 441/440 11-limit minimax [|1 0 0 0 0>, |0 1 0 0 0>, |1 2/5 0 0 1/5>, |2 -4/5 0 0 3/5>, |0 0 0 0 1>] Eigenmonzos: 2, 4/3, 11/8 Lattice basis: 5/4 length=0.8576 6/5 length=0.9314 Angle(5/4, 6/5) = 74.6239 Map to lattice: [<0 1 1 1 3|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|] Map: [<1 0 0 -1 -5|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 5|] Generators: 2, 3, 5 Edos: 12, 15, 16, 28, 31, 43, 46, 58, 73, 77, 89, <135 214 314 379 467| Scales: [[starling11]], [[starling12]], [[starling15]], [[starling16]], [[starling17]], [[starling19]]
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<html><head><title>Starling family</title></head><body>The head of the starling family is starling, which tempers out 126/125, the starling comma or septimal semicomma. Starling has a normal list basis of [2, 3, 5]; hence a 5-limit scale can be converted to starling simply by tempering it. One way to do that, and an excellent starling tuning, is given by <a class="wiki_link" href="/77edo">77edo</a>. Other possible tunings are <a class="wiki_link" href="/108edo">108edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/185edo">185edo</a>, and the nonpatent <a class="wiki_link" href="/135edo">135edo</a> val <135 214 314 379|.<br /> <br /> In starling, (6/5)^3 = 126/125 * 12/7, and minor thirds/major sixths are low complexity intervals. A suitable 5-limit scale to temper via starling will be one where there are chains of minor thirds. Starling has a 6/5-6/5-6/5-7/6 versions of the diminished seventh chord which is very characteristic of it. Since this is a chord of meantone temperament in wide use in Western common practice harmony long before 12edo established itself as the standard tuning, it is arguably more authentic to tune it as three stacked minor thirds and an augmented second, which is what it is in meantone, than as the modern version of four stacked very flat minor thirds.<br /> <br /> Because no appreciable tuning accuracy is lost by including 1029/1024 along with 126/125 in the comma list, which leads to <a class="wiki_link" href="/Starling%20temperaments">valentine temperament</a>, there is a close relationship between the two. Even if tempering a 5-limit scale, one can assume valentine tempering.<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:<h3> --><h3 id="toc0"><a name="x--Vital statistics"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->Vital statistics</h3> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Comma">Comma</a> c = 126/125<br /> <br /> 7- and 9-limit minimax: 3 and 7 just, 5 1/3c sharp<br /> [<1 0 0 0|, <0 1 0 0|, <1/3 2/3 0 1/3|, <0 0 0 1|]<br /> Eigenmonzos: 2, 8/7, 4/3<br /> <br /> Minkowski lattice basis: 6/5 length 1.068, 5/4 length 1.206<br /> Angle(6/5, 5/4) = 100.364 degrees<br /> Map to lattice: [<0 1 0 -2|, <0 1 1 1|]<br /> <br /> Map: [<1 0 0 -5|, <0 1 0 2|, <0 0 1 2|]<br /> Generators: 2, 3, 5<br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/edo">EDOs</a>: 12, 15, 16, 19, 27, 31, 34, 43, 46, 50, 58, 65, <a class="wiki_link" href="/77edo">77</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/108edo">108</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/185edo">185</a>, <135 214 314 379|<br /> <br /> Scales: <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling7">starling7</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling8">starling8</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling9">starling9</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling11">starling11</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling12">starling12</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling15">starling15</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling16">starling16</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling17">starling17</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling19">starling19</a><br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:2:<h3> --><h3 id="toc1"><a name="x--Minkowski blocks"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:2 --><a class="wiki_link" href="/Minkowski%20blocks">Minkowski blocks</a></h3> 7: 25/24, 81/80<br /> 8: 16/15, 648/625<br /> 9: 27/25, 128/125<br /> 11: 16/15, 15625/15552<br /> 12: 128/125, 628/625<br /> 15: 128/125, 250/243<br /> 16: 648/625, 3125/3072<br /> 17: 25/24, 20480/19683<br /> 19: 81/80, 3125/3072<br /> 27: 128/125, 78732/78125<br /> 28: 648/625, 16875/16384<br /> 31: 81/80, 1990656/1953125<br /> 34: 15625/15552, 2048/2025<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:<h2> --><h2 id="toc2"><a name="x-11 limit children"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->11 limit children</h2> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:<h3> --><h3 id="toc3"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrush"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->Thrush</h3> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Comma">Commas</a>: 126/125, 176/175<br /> <br /> 7 and 9 limit minimax<br /> [|1 0 0 0 0>, |0 1 0 0 0>, |1/3 2/3 0 1/3 0>, <br /> |0 0 0 1 0>, |-10/3 4/3 0 5/3 0>]<br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Eigenmonzo">Eigenmonzos</a>: 2, 7/6, 4/3<br /> <br /> Lattice basis 5/4 length 0.8576 6/5 length 0.9314<br /> Angle(5/4, 6/5) = 74.6239 degrees<br /> Map to lattice: [<0 1 1 1 3|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|]<br /> <br /> Map: [<1 0 0 -1 -5|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 5|]<br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Generator">Generators</a>: 2, 3, 5<br /> EDOs: 89, 135, 224<br /> <br /> 13-limit<br /> Commas: 126/125, 176/175, 196/195<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:8:<h4> --><h4 id="toc4"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrush-Bluebird"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:8 -->Bluebird</h4> Commas 126/125, 176/175, 144/143<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:10:<h4> --><h4 id="toc5"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrush-Nightingale"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:10 -->Nightingale</h4> Commas: 126/125, 176/175, 66/65<br /> <br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/edo">EDOs</a>: <a class="wiki_link" href="/31edo">31</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/46edo">46</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/58edo">58</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/89edo">89</a><br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:12:<h3> --><h3 id="toc6"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrasher"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:12 -->Thrasher</h3> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Comma">Commas</a>: 126/125, 100/99<br /> <br /> 11-limit minimax<br /> [|1 0 0 0 0>, |1 3/4 0 1/4 -3/8>, <br /> |1 1/2 0 1/2 -1/4>, |0 0 0 1 0>, <br /> |2 -1/2 0 1/2 1/4>]<br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Eigenmonzo">Eigenmonzos</a>: 2, 8/7, 11/9<br /> <br /> Lattice basis: 6/5 length 0.9089 5/4 length 1.2007<br /> Angle(6/5, 5/4) = 98.8447<br /> Map to lattice: [<0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 1 1 1 0|]<br /> <br /> Map: [<1 0 0 -1 2|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 2|]<br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/Generator">Generators</a>: 2, 3, 5<br /> <br /> 13-limit<br /> Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 91/90<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:14:<h4> --><h4 id="toc7"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrasher-Mockingbird"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:14 -->Mockingbird</h4> Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 40/39<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:16:<h4> --><h4 id="toc8"><a name="x-11 limit children-Thrasher-Catbird"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:16 -->Catbird</h4> Commas: 126/125, 100/99, 78/77<br /> <br /> <a class="wiki_link" href="/edo">EDOs</a>: <a class="wiki_link" href="/12edo">12</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/15edo">15</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/19edo">19</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/34edo">34</a><br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:18:<h3> --><h3 id="toc9"><a name="x-11 limit children-Aplonis"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:18 -->Aplonis</h3> Commas: 126/125, 540/539<br /> <br /> 13-limit<br /> Commas: 126/125, 144/143, 196/195<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:20:<h3> --><h3 id="toc10"><a name="x-11 limit children-Spreo"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:20 -->Spreo</h3> Starling can be extended to spreo with essentially no tuning accuracy penalty; <a class="wiki_link" href="/135edo">135edo</a> can be used for both of them.<br /> <br /> Commas: 126/125, 441/440<br /> <br /> 11-limit minimax<br /> [|1 0 0 0 0>, |0 1 0 0 0>, |1 2/5 0 0 1/5>, <br /> |2 -4/5 0 0 3/5>, |0 0 0 0 1>]<br /> Eigenmonzos: 2, 4/3, 11/8<br /> <br /> Lattice basis: 5/4 length=0.8576 6/5 length=0.9314<br /> Angle(5/4, 6/5) = 74.6239<br /> Map to lattice: [<0 1 1 1 3|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|]<br /> <br /> Map: [<1 0 0 -1 -5|, <0 1 0 -2 -2|, <0 0 1 3 5|]<br /> Generators: 2, 3, 5<br /> Edos: 12, 15, 16, 28, 31, 43, 46, 58, 73, 77, 89, <br /> <135 214 314 379 467|<br /> <br /> Scales: <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling11">starling11</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling12">starling12</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling15">starling15</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling16">starling16</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling17">starling17</a>, <a class="wiki_link" href="/starling19">starling19</a></body></html>