Middle-Eastern music: Difference between revisions
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Wikispaces>hstraub **Imported revision 145395603 - Original comment: ** |
Wikispaces>guest **Imported revision 226503432 - Original comment: ** |
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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2> | <h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2> | ||
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br> | This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br> | ||
: This revision was by author [[User: | : This revision was by author [[User:guest|guest]] and made on <tt>2011-05-08 11:53:09 UTC</tt>.<br> | ||
: The original revision id was <tt> | : The original revision id was <tt>226503432</tt>.<br> | ||
: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br> | : The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br> | ||
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br> | The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br> | ||
<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4> | <h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4> | ||
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">The music of the | <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">The music of the Middle Eastern (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) cultural area is one of the important microtonal music traditions (along with the [[Indian]] tradition). | ||
A central concept is "maqam", which corresponds | A central concept is "maqam", which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the western "mode". An introduction to maqam theory can be found on [[http://www.maqamworld.com/|http://www.maqamworld.com]]. | ||
The use of microtones in | The use of microtones in Middle Eastern music can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a [[http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745|podcast]] by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step. | ||
There have been various | There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a [[http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf|paper by Ozan Yarman]]. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). [[24edo]] has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are [[53edo]] and [[72edo]], but even those (apart from impracticality due to their high number of pitches!) do not cover all details. | ||
A system that covers many details to a | A system that covers many details to a satisfactory degree is proposed in [[@http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/doctorate_thesis.pdf|Ozan Yarman's dissertation]] (also summarized in the mentioned [[@http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34ten79a.pdf|paper]] ): a 79-tone [[MOSScales|MOS]] subset of [[159edo]]. A short description (quote of a posting on the yahoo tuning list) is also [[79MOS 159edo|here]]. | ||
For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes [[34edo]] and [[41edo]] as acceptable compromises. | For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes [[34edo]] and [[41edo]] as acceptable compromises. | ||
==More external links== | ==More external links== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
===Persian=== | ===Persian=== | ||
http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic - a list of links related to | http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by Shaahin Mohajeri</pre></div> | ||
<h4>Original HTML content:</h4> | <h4>Original HTML content:</h4> | ||
<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body>The music of the | <div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body>The music of the Middle Eastern (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) cultural area is one of the important microtonal music traditions (along with the <a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> tradition).<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
A central concept is &quot;maqam&quot;, which corresponds | A central concept is &quot;maqam&quot;, which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the western &quot;mode&quot;. An introduction to maqam theory can be found on <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.maqamworld.com</a>.<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
The use of microtones in | The use of microtones in Middle Eastern music can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745" rel="nofollow">podcast</a> by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step.<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
There have been various | There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf" rel="nofollow">paper by Ozan Yarman</a>. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). <a class="wiki_link" href="/24edo">24edo</a> has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are <a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo">53edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo">72edo</a>, but even those (apart from impracticality due to their high number of pitches!) do not cover all details.<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
A system that covers many details to a | A system that covers many details to a satisfactory degree is proposed in <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/doctorate_thesis.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ozan Yarman's dissertation</a> (also summarized in the mentioned <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34ten79a.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">paper</a> ): a 79-tone <a class="wiki_link" href="/MOSScales">MOS</a> subset of <a class="wiki_link" href="/159edo">159edo</a>. A short description (quote of a posting on the yahoo tuning list) is also <a class="wiki_link" href="/79MOS%20159edo">here</a>.<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes <a class="wiki_link" href="/34edo">34edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo">41edo</a> as acceptable compromises.<br /> | For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes <a class="wiki_link" href="/34edo">34edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo">41edo</a> as acceptable compromises.<br /> | ||
<br /> | |||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc0"><a name="x-More external links"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->More external links</h2> | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&lt;h2&gt; --><h2 id="toc0"><a name="x-More external links"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->More external links</h2> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
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<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc2"><a name="x-More external links-Turkish"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->Turkish</h3> | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc2"><a name="x-More external links-Turkish"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->Turkish</h3> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html" rel="nofollow">Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey</a> - another theory site<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html" rel="nofollow">Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey</a> - another theory site<br /> | ||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:51:http://www.turkishmusicportal.org --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusicportal.org</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:51 --> - listening<br /> | ||
<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br /> | <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br /> | ||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:52:http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:52 --> - listening<br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc3"><a name="x-More external links-Persian"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->Persian</h3> | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:&lt;h3&gt; --><h3 id="toc3"><a name="x-More external links-Persian"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->Persian</h3> | ||
<!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule: | <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:53:http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic" rel="nofollow">http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:53 --> - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by Shaahin Mohajeri</body></html></pre></div> | ||
Revision as of 11:53, 8 May 2011
IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:
- This revision was by author guest and made on 2011-05-08 11:53:09 UTC.
- The original revision id was 226503432.
- The revision comment was:
The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.
Original Wikitext content:
The music of the Middle Eastern (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) cultural area is one of the important microtonal music traditions (along with the [[Indian]] tradition). A central concept is "maqam", which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the western "mode". An introduction to maqam theory can be found on [[http://www.maqamworld.com/|http://www.maqamworld.com]]. The use of microtones in Middle Eastern music can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a [[http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745|podcast]] by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step. There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a [[http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf|paper by Ozan Yarman]]. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). [[24edo]] has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are [[53edo]] and [[72edo]], but even those (apart from impracticality due to their high number of pitches!) do not cover all details. A system that covers many details to a satisfactory degree is proposed in [[@http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/doctorate_thesis.pdf|Ozan Yarman's dissertation]] (also summarized in the mentioned [[@http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34ten79a.pdf|paper]] ): a 79-tone [[MOSScales|MOS]] subset of [[159edo]]. A short description (quote of a posting on the yahoo tuning list) is also [[79MOS 159edo|here]]. For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes [[34edo]] and [[41edo]] as acceptable compromises. ==More external links== ===Arabic=== [[http://www.maqamworld.com|Arabic Maqam World]] (Johnny Farraj, Sami Abu Shumays //et al//) [[http://www.classicalarabicmusic.com/scales.htm|Classical Arabic Music]] [[http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk|The Oud]] (David Parfitt, discusses both Arabic and Turkish //maqâm// theory) [[http://www.alsiadi.com|ALSIADI.com]] (focuses on Halabi/Aleppo traditional music; describes //maq////â////m////â////t// in terms of 53-tone Pythagorean tuning) ===Turkish=== [[http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html|Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey]] - another theory site http://www.turkishmusicportal.org - listening [[http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html|http://www.turkishmusic.org]] - listening http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html - listening ===Persian=== http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by Shaahin Mohajeri
Original HTML content:
<html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body>The music of the Middle Eastern (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) cultural area is one of the important microtonal music traditions (along with the <a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> tradition).<br /> <br /> A central concept is "maqam", which corresponds somewhat (but not exactly) to the western "mode". An introduction to maqam theory can be found on <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.maqamworld.com</a>.<br /> <br /> The use of microtones in Middle Eastern music can be extremely subtle, as is demonstrated in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://shumays.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=177745" rel="nofollow">podcast</a> by Arabic violin player Sami Abu Shumays: by his count, there could be 12 different notes within a half step.<br /> <br /> There have been various endeavors, also in recent history, to establish a common tuning standard. A few of these are described in a <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34%27ten_79%27a.pdf" rel="nofollow">paper by Ozan Yarman</a>. However, none of these have been really successful (at least not as successful as 12edo in Western music). <a class="wiki_link" href="/24edo">24edo</a> has found a certain dissemination, especially in the Arabic world, though many consider it a bad compromise. Other equal temperaments that have been used are <a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo">53edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo">72edo</a>, but even those (apart from impracticality due to their high number of pitches!) do not cover all details.<br /> <br /> A system that covers many details to a satisfactory degree is proposed in <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/doctorate_thesis.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ozan Yarman's dissertation</a> (also summarized in the mentioned <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.ozanyarman.com/files/34ten79a.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">paper</a> ): a 79-tone <a class="wiki_link" href="/MOSScales">MOS</a> subset of <a class="wiki_link" href="/159edo">159edo</a>. A short description (quote of a posting on the yahoo tuning list) is also <a class="wiki_link" href="/79MOS%20159edo">here</a>.<br /> <br /> For practical purposes (from the point of number of notes), Ozan Yarman proposes <a class="wiki_link" href="/34edo">34edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo">41edo</a> as acceptable compromises.<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:<h2> --><h2 id="toc0"><a name="x-More external links"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 -->More external links</h2> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:2:<h3> --><h3 id="toc1"><a name="x-More external links-Arabic"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:2 -->Arabic</h3> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.maqamworld.com" rel="nofollow">Arabic Maqam World</a> (Johnny Farraj, Sami Abu Shumays <em>et al</em>)<br /> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.classicalarabicmusic.com/scales.htm" rel="nofollow">Classical Arabic Music</a><br /> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk" rel="nofollow">The Oud</a> (David Parfitt, discusses both Arabic and Turkish <em>maqâm</em> theory)<br /> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.alsiadi.com" rel="nofollow">ALSIADI.com</a> (focuses on Halabi/Aleppo traditional music; describes <em>maq</em><em>â</em><em>m</em><em>â</em><em>t</em> in terms of 53-tone Pythagorean tuning)<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:<h3> --><h3 id="toc2"><a name="x-More external links-Turkish"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 -->Turkish</h3> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html" rel="nofollow">Tetrachords and Makams of Turkey</a> - another theory site<br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:51:http://www.turkishmusicportal.org --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusicportal.org</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:51 --> - listening<br /> <a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:52:http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:52 --> - listening<br /> <br /> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:6:<h3> --><h3 id="toc3"><a name="x-More external links-Persian"></a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:6 -->Persian</h3> <!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:53:http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic --><a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic" rel="nofollow">http://240edo.googlepages.com/persianmusic</a><!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:53 --> - a list of links related to Persian music, maintained by Shaahin Mohajeri</body></html>