Middle-Eastern music: Difference between revisions

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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>

This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>

: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>~~2014~~-09-~~29 09~~:04:39 UTC</tt>.<br>

: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>2016-04-13 12:21:38 UTC</tt>.<br>

: The original revision id was <tt>~~524231576~~</tt>.<br>

: The original revision id was <tt>579965083</tt>.<br>

: The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>

The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>

<h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>

<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><span style="display: block; text-align: right;">Other languages: [[xenharmonie/arabisch, türkisch, persisch|Deutsch]]</span>

<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><span style="display: block; text-align: right;">Other languages: [[xenharmonie/arabisch, türkisch, persisch|Deutsch]]

</span>

Along with the [[Indian]] tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions.

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==Level 2==

Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the Bayati tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a "major" wholetone, while the minor second should be a "small" semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.

Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the [[bayati|Bayati]] tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a "major" wholetone, while the minor second should be a "small" semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.

Important EDOs that meet these requirements are [[53edo]] and [[72edo]]. Both of these have found a certain dissemination in middle-eastern music.

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[[http://www.iranicaonline.org/|Encyclopaedia Iranica]] - Encyclopedia about iranian culture, including music.

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 734px; width: 1px;">[[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=7&limit=2_3_5_11&key=7_11_16_24|7]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=24&limit=2_3_5_11&key=24_38_56_83|24]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=31&limit=2_3_5_11&key=31_49_72_107|31]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=14&limit=2_3_5_11&key=14_22_32_48|14c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=17&limit=2_3_5_11&key=17_27_40_59|17c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=38&limit=2_3_5_11&key=38_60_88_131|38]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=10&limit=2_3_5_11&key=10_16_24_35|10c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=21&limit=2_3_5_11&key=21_33_48_72|21ce]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=45&limit=2_3_5_11&key=45_71_104_155|45e]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=55&limit=2_3_5_11&key=55_87_128_190|5]]</span></pre></div>

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 734px; width: 1px;">[[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=7&limit=2_3_5_11&key=7_11_16_24|7]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=24&limit=2_3_5_11&key=24_38_56_83|24]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=31&limit=2_3_5_11&key=31_49_72_107|31]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=14&limit=2_3_5_11&key=14_22_32_48|14c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=17&limit=2_3_5_11&key=17_27_40_59|17c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=38&limit=2_3_5_11&key=38_60_88_131|38]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=10&limit=2_3_5_11&key=10_16_24_35|10c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=21&limit=2_3_5_11&key=21_33_48_72|21ce]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=45&limit=2_3_5_11&key=45_71_104_155|45e]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=55&limit=2_3_5_11&key=55_87_128_190|5]]

</span></pre></div>

<h4>Original HTML content:</h4>

<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body><span style="display: block; text-align: right;">Other languages: <a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonie.wikispaces.com/arabisch%2C%20t%C3%BCrkisch%2C%20persisch">Deutsch</a></span><br />

<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html"><html><head><title>Arabic, Turkish, Persian</title></head><body><span style="display: block; text-align: right;">Other languages: <a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonie.wikispaces.com/arabisch%2C%20t%C3%BCrkisch%2C%20persisch">Deutsch</a><br />

</span><br />

<br />

Along with the <a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian">Indian</a> tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal <span class="wiki_link_ext">music</span> traditions.<br />

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<br />

<h2 id="toc2"><a name="Maqamat in equal temperaments-Level 2"></a>Level 2</h2>

Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the Bayati tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a &quot;major&quot; wholetone, while the minor second should be a &quot;small&quot; semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.<br />

Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the <a class="wiki_link" href="/bayati">Bayati</a> tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a &quot;major&quot; wholetone, while the minor second should be a &quot;small&quot; semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.<br />

<br />

Important EDOs that meet these requirements are <a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo">53edo</a> and <a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo">72edo</a>. Both of these have found a certain dissemination in middle-eastern music.<br />

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<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusicportal.org</a> - listening<br />

<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org</a> - listening<br />

<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html</a> - listening<br />

<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html</a> - listening<br />

<br />

<h3 id="toc8"><a name="External links--Persian"></a>Persian</h3>

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<a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/" rel="nofollow">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a> - Encyclopedia about iranian culture, including music.<br />

<br />

</span></body></html></pre></div>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
 This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
-: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>2014-09-29 09:04:39 UTC</tt>.<br>
+: This revision was by author [[User:hstraub|hstraub]] and made on <tt>2016-04-13 12:21:38 UTC</tt>.<br>
-: The original revision id was <tt>524231576</tt>.<br>
+: The original revision id was <tt>579965083</tt>.<br>
 : The revision comment was: <tt></tt><br>
 The revision contents are below, presented both in the original Wikispaces Wikitext format, and in HTML exactly as Wikispaces rendered it.<br>
 <h4>Original Wikitext content:</h4>
-<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;span style="display: block; text-align: right;"&gt;Other languages: [[xenharmonie/arabisch, türkisch, persisch|Deutsch]]&lt;/span&gt;
+<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;span style="display: block; text-align: right;"&gt;Other languages: [[xenharmonie/arabisch, türkisch, persisch|Deutsch]]
+&lt;/span&gt;
 Along with the [[Indian]] tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; traditions.
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 ==Level 2==
-Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the Bayati tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a "major" wholetone, while the minor second should be a "small" semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.
+Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the [[bayati|Bayati]] tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a "major" wholetone, while the minor second should be a "small" semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.
 Important EDOs that meet these requirements are [[53edo]] and [[72edo]]. Both of these have found a certain dissemination in middle-eastern music.
@@ Line 85: / Line 86: @@
 [[http://www.iranicaonline.org/|Encyclopaedia Iranica]] - Encyclopedia about iranian culture, including music.
-&lt;span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 734px; width: 1px;"&gt;[[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=7&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=7_11_16_24|7]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=24&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=24_38_56_83|24]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=31&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=31_49_72_107|31]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=14&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=14_22_32_48|14c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=17&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=17_27_40_59|17c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=38&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=38_60_88_131|38]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=10&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=10_16_24_35|10c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=21&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=21_33_48_72|21ce]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=45&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=45_71_104_155|45e]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=55&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=55_87_128_190|5]]&lt;/span&gt;</pre></div>
+&lt;span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 734px; width: 1px;"&gt;[[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=7&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=7_11_16_24|7]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=24&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=24_38_56_83|24]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=31&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=31_49_72_107|31]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=14&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=14_22_32_48|14c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=17&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=17_27_40_59|17c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=38&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=38_60_88_131|38]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=10&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=10_16_24_35|10c]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=21&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=21_33_48_72|21ce]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=45&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=45_71_104_155|45e]], [[http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=55&amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;key=55_87_128_190|5]]
+&lt;/span&gt;</pre></div>
 <h4>Original HTML content:</h4>
-<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Arabic, Turkish, Persian&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;span style="display: block; text-align: right;"&gt;Other languages: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonie.wikispaces.com/arabisch%2C%20t%C3%BCrkisch%2C%20persisch"&gt;Deutsch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
+<div style="width:100%; max-height:400pt; overflow:auto; background-color:#f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; padding:0em"><pre style="margin:0px;border:none;background:none;word-wrap:break-word;width:200%;white-space: pre-wrap ! important" class="old-revision-html">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Arabic, Turkish, Persian&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;span style="display: block; text-align: right;"&gt;Other languages: &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="http://xenharmonie.wikispaces.com/arabisch%2C%20t%C3%BCrkisch%2C%20persisch"&gt;Deutsch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 Along with the &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Indian"&gt;Indian&lt;/a&gt; tradition, the music of the Middle and Near East (Arabic, Turkish, and Persian) is one of the important microtonal &lt;span class="wiki_link_ext"&gt;music&lt;/span&gt; traditions.&lt;br /&gt;
@@ Line 111: / Line 114: @@
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h2 id="toc2"&gt;&lt;a name="Maqamat in equal temperaments-Level 2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 --&gt;Level 2&lt;/h2&gt;
-  Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the Bayati tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a &amp;quot;major&amp;quot; wholetone, while the minor second should be a &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.&lt;br /&gt;
+  Systems that just fulfill level 1 are still generally considered bad compromises. An additional quite basic requirement for a more accurate maqam system is the availability of two kinds of neutral seconds, a smaller one for the &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/bayati"&gt;Bayati&lt;/a&gt; tetrachord and a larger one for the Rast tetrachord. Moreover, the major second whould preferably be a &amp;quot;major&amp;quot; wholetone, while the minor second should be a &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; semitone - as a consequence, the wholetone is to be divided into a smaller semitone (limma) and a larger one (apotome). I.e. minor seconds will be available in two varieties, too.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 Important EDOs that meet these requirements are &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/53edo"&gt;53edo&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/72edo"&gt;72edo&lt;/a&gt;. Both of these have found a certain dissemination in middle-eastern music.&lt;br /&gt;
@@ Line 156: / Line 159: @@
 &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusicportal.org" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.turkishmusicportal.org&lt;/a&gt; - listening&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.turkishmusic.org&lt;/a&gt; - listening&lt;br /&gt;
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+&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:188:http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.turkishmusic.org/index18.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:188 --&gt; - listening&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:16:&amp;lt;h3&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h3 id="toc8"&gt;&lt;a name="External links--Persian"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:16 --&gt;Persian&lt;/h3&gt;
@@ Line 164: / Line 167: @@
 &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Encyclopaedia Iranica&lt;/a&gt; - Encyclopedia about iranian culture, including music.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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+&lt;span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 734px; width: 1px;"&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=7&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=7_11_16_24" rel="nofollow"&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=24&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=24_38_56_83" rel="nofollow"&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=31&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=31_49_72_107" rel="nofollow"&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=14&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=14_22_32_48" rel="nofollow"&gt;14c&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=17&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=17_27_40_59" rel="nofollow"&gt;17c&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=38&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=38_60_88_131" rel="nofollow"&gt;38&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=10&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=10_16_24_35" rel="nofollow"&gt;10c&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=21&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=21_33_48_72" rel="nofollow"&gt;21ce&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=45&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=45_71_104_155" rel="nofollow"&gt;45e&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://x31eq.com/cgi-bin/rt.cgi?ets=55&amp;amp;limit=2_3_5_11&amp;amp;key=55_87_128_190" rel="nofollow"&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre></div>