View source for Golden meantone

'''Golden meantone''' (or "golden diatonic" temperament-agnostically) is based on making the relation between the [[whole tone]] and [[diatonic semitone]] intervals be the [[golden ratio]]

<math>\varphi = \frac 1 2 (\sqrt{5}+1) \approx 1.61803\,39887\ldots\,</math>

This makes the golden fifth exactly

<math>(8 - \varphi) / 11</math>

or

<math>(3\varphi + 1) / (5\varphi + 2) </math>

octave, equivalently

<math>(9600 - 1200 \varphi) / 11</math>

cents, approximately 696.214 cents.

This can be approached by successively taking soft child [[mos scale]]s of pentic ([[2L&nbsp;3s]], [[5L&nbsp;2s]], [[7L&nbsp;5s]], [[12L&nbsp;7s]], [[19L&nbsp;12s]], etc). Each time, the generator range "narrows in" on the golden diatonic generator.

Equivalently, [[edo]] systems in a Fibonacci style recurrence beginning with 7 and 12 are successively better approximations to this ideal.

The process behind constructing golden meantone can be [[golden sequences and tuning|generalized]] to other mos scales. 

== Construction ==
Golden meantone is approximated with increasing accuracy by the infinite sequence of tunings indicated in the table below. In any [[meantone]] tuning the intervals in the column headings form part of a Fibonacci sequence (in the sense that each adjacent pair sums to the interval to its immediate right) and in these equal temperaments the sizes of these intervals (expressed in step units) are consecutive numbers from the integer Fibonacci sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, …. Both the rows and the columns of the table form Fibonacci sequences. As the octave is the sum of two fourth intervals and a tone this can be rearranged as the sum of the first five intervals in this table, the sequence of edos is a Fibonacci like sequence where terms are the sum of 5 consecutive Fibonacci numbers. 

As the cardinality increases the interval sequence better approximates a geometric progression. [[81edo]] marks the point at which the series ceases to display audible differences and approximates all of theses intervals within 1 cent. For [[131edo]] and further, the best fifth can no longer be used as the generating interval for a golden meantone tuning.

{| class="wikitable"
! Temperament
! Chroma
! Semitone
! Tone
! Minor third
! Fourth
! Minor sixth
|-
| [[7edo]]
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 5
|-
| [[12edo]]
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 5
| 8
|-
| [[19edo]]
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 5
| 8
| 13
|-
| [[31edo]]
| 2
| 3
| 5
| 8
| 13
| 21
|-
| [[50edo]]
| 3
| 5
| 8
| 13
| 21
| 34
|-
| [[81edo]]
| 5
| 8
| 13
| 21
| 34
| 55
|-
| [[131edo]]
| 8
| 13
| 21
| 34
| 55
| 89
|-
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
|}

The success of golden meantone can be understood in terms of the properties of [[logarithmic approximants|quadratic approximants]] (q.v.) and the small size of the [[32805/32768|schisma]].

== Evaluation ==
<blockquote>
I think of this as the standard melodic meantone because the all these ratios are the same. It has the mellow sound of 1/4 comma, but does still have a character of its own. Some algorithms make this almost exactly the optimum 5[-odd]-limit tuning. It's fairly good as a 7[-odd]-limit tuning as well. Almost the optimum (according to me) for diminished sevenths. I toyed with this as a guitar tuning, but rejected it because 4:6:9 chords aren't quite good enough. That is, the poor fifth leads to a sludgy major ninth.
</blockquote>
—[http://x31eq.com/meantone.htm#pop Graham Breed]

== Music ==
=== Modern renderings ===
; {{W|Johann Sebastian Bach}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwAsBxE7pj0 ''"Ricercar a 6" from The Musical Offering, BWV 1079] (1747) – tuned into golden meantone by [[Claudi Meneghin]] (2021)

; {{W|John Bull (composer)|John Bull}}
* ''Fantasia «Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La»'' (late 1500s/early 1600s, from ''Fitzwilliam Virginal Book Vol.1 No.51'')
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku32F-zEtmU In a 24 note per octave well-tempered tuning system] that uses both golden meantone fifths and [[peppermint]] fifths (tuning specification in video description) – rendered by [[Claudi Meneghin]] (2020)
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R-CQp1Bsss In golden meantone (by itself)] – rendered by [[Claudi Meneghin]] (2026)

; {{W|Johann Pachelbel}}
* [http://www.io.com/~hmiller/midi/canon-golden.mid An acoustic experience]{{dead link}} - Kornerup himself had no chance to have it. In the [[Warped Canon]] collection.

; {{W|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSaFMcrivyY&list=PLC6ZSKWKnVz0mOTLQkCUi9ydWGLpBP8gZ&index=3 ''Mozart's Gigue KV 574 for Harpsichord [Golden Meantone''] – tuned into golden meantone by [[Claudi Meneghin]] (2017)

=== 21st Century ===
; [[Alex Ness]]
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0BwsXD8q2VCYURkRyZGZJbHhOaUk ''Liber Abaci''] (archived 2017), based on successive equal-tempered approximations of the Golden Meantone temperament

== See also ==
* [[Das Goldene Tonsystem|''Das Goldene Tonsystem'']]
* [[Logarithmic approximants #Golden temperaments]]
* [[Mercury meantone]] – effectively a stretched-octaves version of golden meantone

== External links ==
* [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/g/golden.aspx Tonalsoft Encyclopedia | ''Golden meantone'']

[[Category:Meantone]]
[[Category:Golden meantone| ]] <!-- main article -->
[[Category:Historical]]