Dyadic chord: Difference between revisions

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By a '''dyadic chord''' is meant a chord each of whose intervals belongs to a specified set of intervals considered to be consonant; it is therefore relative to the set of intervals in question. By a ''just'' dyadic chord is meant a chord in rational intonation which is dyadic, so that each of its notes in relation to the lowest note is a rational number belonging to the set of consonances, and moreover each interval between the notes belongs to the set of consonances. By an ''essentially just'' dyadic chord is meant a chord which is considered to be an approximation of a just dyadic chord, such that each of its intervals is considered to be an approximation of the corresponding interval in the just dyadic chord. So, for instance, [[Ratios|1-5/4-3/2]] is a just dyadic chord when the consonance set is the [[5-odd-limit]] diamond with [[octave equivalence]], and 0-10-18 in 31edo with consonance set {8, 10, 13, 18, 21, 23, 31} modulo 31 is an essentially just dyadic chord approximating 1-5/4-3/2.

By an ''essentially tempered'' dyadic chord is meant a chord defined in an [[abstract regular temperament]] such that each interval belongs to a consonance set, but there is no corresponding just dyadic chord. This means there is no just chord such that each interval, when mapped by the abstract regular temperament, belongs to the consonance set. For example, the chord 1-6/5-10/7, when mapped by starling temperament, which tempers out [[126/125]], has each of its intervals in the set of [[7-odd-limit]] consonances which is the tempering of the 7-odd-limit diamond by 126/125. However, (10/7)/(6/5) = 25/21 is [[25-odd-limit]], and there is no other 7-odd-limit just dyadic chord which can be used instead to give the result, so it is an essentially tempered dyadic chord. Essentially tempered dyadic chords are a related notion to [[comma pump]]s, and can be used as a basis for creating pumps. Using essentially tempered chords in chord progressions breaks the harmony out of exclusively just chord relations, and serves as a sort of harmonic lubricant imparting fluidity and dynamism to the harmony, at the cost fairly often of some blurring of the sense of tonality.

By an ''essentially tempered'' dyadic chord is meant a chord defined in an [[abstract regular temperament]] such that each interval belongs to a consonance set, but there is no corresponding just dyadic chord. This means there is no just chord such that each interval, when mapped by the abstract regular temperament, belongs to the consonance set. For example, the chord 1-6/5-10/7, when mapped by starling temperament, which tempers out [[126/125]], has each of its intervals in the set of [[7-odd-limit]] consonances which is the tempering of the 7-odd-limit diamond by 126/125 (this is because 10/7 is off from 36/35 by 126/125, and therefore 10/7 and 36/35 are tempered together in starling temperament, and since 36/35 = (6/5)², the interval from 6/5 to 10/7 in starling may be heard as a second move by 6/5). However, (10/7)/(6/5) = 25/21 is [[25-odd-limit]], and there is no other 7-odd-limit just dyadic chord which can be used instead to give the result, so it is an essentially tempered dyadic chord. Essentially tempered dyadic chords are a related notion to [[comma pump]]s, and can be used as a basis for creating pumps. Using essentially tempered chords in chord progressions breaks the harmony out of exclusively just chord relations, and serves as a sort of harmonic lubricant imparting fluidity and dynamism to the harmony, at the cost fairly often of some blurring of the sense of tonality.

Kite Giedraitis has proposed the term "innate comma chord" to describe the type of chord that can't be mapped to just intonation in a given prime limit and odd limit, hence a chord that won't "ring". This term is broader than the term "essentially tempered chord" because it includes the possibility that the chord is not tempered at all, and contains a wolf interval. For example, the augmented triad in 5-limit JI is an innate comma chord, because it's impossible to tune all three major 3rds to 5/4. The innate comma here is 128/125 = 41¢. In practice, it might be sung or played justly, but with a large odd limit and hence a wolf interval, as 1/1 - 5/4 - 25/16 or 1/1 - 5/4 - 8/5. Or it might be tempered, e.g. in 12-edo as 0¢ - 400¢ - 800¢ - 1200¢. In 7-limit JI, one of the 3rds can be tuned to 9/7. The innate comma is reduced to 225/224, only 8¢. This comma can be distributed among the three 3rds, resulting in tempering each only a few cents, which may be close enough to be acceptable. In 11-limit JI, this chord isn't an innate comma chord, because it can be tuned justly as 7:9:11, a low enough odd limit to "ring". However, it's debatable that this chord qualifies as an augmented triad, because the upper 3rd hardly sounds major.

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 By a '''dyadic chord''' is meant a chord each of whose intervals belongs to a specified set of intervals considered to be consonant; it is therefore relative to the set of intervals in question. By a ''just'' dyadic chord is meant a chord in rational intonation which is dyadic, so that each of its notes in relation to the lowest note is a rational number belonging to the set of consonances, and moreover each interval between the notes belongs to the set of consonances. By an ''essentially just'' dyadic chord is meant a chord which is considered to be an approximation of a just dyadic chord, such that each of its intervals is considered to be an approximation of the corresponding interval in the just dyadic chord. So, for instance, [[Ratios|1-5/4-3/2]] is a just dyadic chord when the consonance set is the [[5-odd-limit]] diamond with [[octave equivalence]], and 0-10-18 in 31edo with consonance set {8, 10, 13, 18, 21, 23, 31} modulo 31 is an essentially just dyadic chord approximating 1-5/4-3/2.
-By an ''essentially tempered'' dyadic chord is meant a chord defined in an [[abstract regular temperament]] such that each interval belongs to a consonance set, but there is no corresponding just dyadic chord. This means there is no just chord such that each interval, when mapped by the abstract regular temperament, belongs to the consonance set. For example, the chord 1-6/5-10/7, when mapped by starling temperament, which tempers out [[126/125]], has each of its intervals in the set of [[7-odd-limit]] consonances which is the tempering of the 7-odd-limit diamond by 126/125. However, (10/7)/(6/5) = 25/21 is [[25-odd-limit]], and there is no other 7-odd-limit just dyadic chord which can be used instead to give the result, so it is an essentially tempered dyadic chord. Essentially tempered dyadic chords are a related notion to [[comma pump]]s, and can be used as a basis for creating pumps. Using essentially tempered chords in chord progressions breaks the harmony out of exclusively just chord relations, and serves as a sort of harmonic lubricant imparting fluidity and dynamism to the harmony, at the cost fairly often of some blurring of the sense of tonality.
+By an ''essentially tempered'' dyadic chord is meant a chord defined in an [[abstract regular temperament]] such that each interval belongs to a consonance set, but there is no corresponding just dyadic chord. This means there is no just chord such that each interval, when mapped by the abstract regular temperament, belongs to the consonance set. For example, the chord 1-6/5-10/7, when mapped by starling temperament, which tempers out [[126/125]], has each of its intervals in the set of [[7-odd-limit]] consonances which is the tempering of the 7-odd-limit diamond by 126/125 (this is because 10/7 is off from 36/35 by 126/125, and therefore 10/7 and 36/35 are tempered together in starling temperament, and since 36/35 = (6/5)², the interval from 6/5 to 10/7 in starling may be heard as a second move by 6/5). However, (10/7)/(6/5) = 25/21 is [[25-odd-limit]], and there is no other 7-odd-limit just dyadic chord which can be used instead to give the result, so it is an essentially tempered dyadic chord. Essentially tempered dyadic chords are a related notion to [[comma pump]]s, and can be used as a basis for creating pumps. Using essentially tempered chords in chord progressions breaks the harmony out of exclusively just chord relations, and serves as a sort of harmonic lubricant imparting fluidity and dynamism to the harmony, at the cost fairly often of some blurring of the sense of tonality.
 Kite Giedraitis has proposed the term "innate comma chord" to describe the type of chord that can't be mapped to just intonation in a given prime limit and odd limit, hence a chord that won't "ring". This term is broader than the term "essentially tempered chord" because it includes the possibility that the chord is not tempered at all, and contains a wolf interval. For example, the augmented triad in 5-limit JI is an innate comma chord, because it's impossible to tune all three major 3rds to 5/4. The innate comma here is 128/125 = 41¢. In practice, it might be sung or played justly, but with a large odd limit and hence a wolf interval, as 1/1 - 5/4 - 25/16 or 1/1 - 5/4 - 8/5. Or it might be tempered, e.g. in 12-edo as 0¢ - 400¢ - 800¢ - 1200¢. In 7-limit JI, one of the 3rds can be tuned to 9/7. The innate comma is reduced to 225/224, only 8¢. This comma can be distributed among the three 3rds, resulting in tempering each only a few cents, which may be close enough to be acceptable. In 11-limit JI, this chord isn't an innate comma chord, because it can be tuned justly as 7:9:11, a low enough odd limit to "ring". However, it's debatable that this chord qualifies as an augmented triad, because the upper 3rd hardly sounds major.