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Indian music is one of the major microtonal traditions of the world (along with the [[Arabic,_Turkish,_Persian|Middle Eastern]] family of traditions).
Indian music is one of the major microtonal traditions of the world (along with the [[Arabic, Turkish, Persian|Middle Eastern]] family of traditions).


The unit of measurement in the Indian system is the '''shruti''' (sometimes spelled śruti, sruti or shruthi), which corresponds roughly to a quarter-tone. There are 22 shrutis per octave, 13 per fifth and 9 per fourth. A size of 4 shruti for the major whole tone follows from that. The step sizes of the heptatonic scales ([[shadja_grama|shadja grama]], [[madhyama_grama|madhyama grama]]) are given as sequences of 4, 3, and 2 shruti.
The unit of measurement in the Indian system is the '''shruti''' (sometimes spelled śruti, sruti or shruthi), which corresponds roughly to a quarter-tone. There are 22 shrutis per octave, 13 per fifth and 9 per fourth. A size of 4 shruti for the major whole tone follows from that. The step sizes of the heptatonic scales ([[shadja grama]], [[madhyama grama]]) are given as sequences of 4, 3, and 2 shruti.


There is no single standardized non-ambiguous definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals.
There is no single standardized non-ambiguous definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals.
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An explanation about the shruti system and one traditional derivation of the 22 shrutis is available [http://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm here].
An explanation about the shruti system and one traditional derivation of the 22 shrutis is available [http://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm here].


Another example of a compilation of the shrutis, with explicit values of the intervals, can be found [[A_shruti_list|here]].
Another example of a compilation of the shrutis, with explicit values of the intervals, can be found in ''[[A shruti list]]''.


The system has been approximated by [[22edo|22edo]], though the traditional tuning system is unequal, and split-shruti systems may approximated by the 22&34d (or 12&22 or even 10&12 generalized [[Diaschismic_family|Diaschismic]] if simplicity or accuracy is no object) temperament.
The system has been approximated by [[22edo]], though the traditional tuning system is unequal, and split-shruti systems may approximated by the 22&34d (or 12&22 or even 10&12 generalized [[Diaschismic family|Diaschismic]] if simplicity or accuracy is no object) temperament.


The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shruti_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry on shrutis] gives a quite accurate approximation of the shruti system as a 22-note subset of [[53edo|53edo]]. (See also a discussion on the [https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_104546.html#104549 Yahoo tuning list] and immediately below for a duplication of the chart.
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shruti_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry on shrutis] gives a quite accurate approximation of the shruti system as a 22-note subset of [[53edo]]. (See also a discussion on the [https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_104546.html#104549 Yahoo tuning list])
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Shrutis
! colspan="2" |24-TET
! colspan="2" |106-TET
|-
!Name
!Ratio
!Cents
! colspan="2" |Frequency
(Hz)
!Name
!Step
!Cents
|-
|Chandovatī
|1
|0
| colspan="2" |261.6256
|C
| colspan="2" |0
|-
|
|36/35
|49
|269.1005
|269.2918
|C‡
|4
|45.28
|-
|Dayāvatī
|256/243
|90
|275.6220
| rowspan="2" |277.1826
| rowspan="2" |D♭
|8
|90.57
|-
|Ranjanī
|16/15
|112
|279.0673
|10
|113.21
|-
|
|49/45
|147
|284.8812
|285.3047
|D{{music|d}}
|13
|147.17
|-
|Ratikā
|10/9
|182
|290.6951
| rowspan="2" |293.6648
| rowspan="2" |D
|16
|181.13
|-
|Raudrī
|9/8
|204
|294.3288
|18
|203.78
|-
|
|81/70
|253
|302.73815
|302.2698
|D‡
|22
|249.06
|-
|Krodhā
|32/27
|294
|310.0747
| rowspan="2" |311.1270
| rowspan="2" |E♭
|26
|294.34
|-
|Vajrikā
|6/5
|316
| 313.9507
|28
|316.98
|-
|
|11/9
|347
|319.7646
|320.2437
|E {{music|d}}
|31
|350.94
|-
|Prasāriṇī
|5/4
|386
|327.0319
| rowspan="2" |329.6275
| rowspan="2" |E
|34
|384.91
|-
|Prīti
|81/64
|408
|331.1198
|36
|407.55
|-
|
|35/27
|449
|339.14425
|339.2864
|E‡/F {{music|d}}
|40
|452.83
|-
|Mārjanī
|4/3
|498
|348.8341
| rowspan="2" |349.2282
| rowspan="2" |F
|44
|498.11
|-
|Kṣhiti
|27/20
|519
|353.1945
|46
|520.75
|-
|
|135/98
|554
|360.2046
|359.4614
|F‡
|49
|554.72
|-
|Raktā
|45/32
|590
|367.9109
| rowspan="2" |369.9944
| rowspan="2" |F#
|52
|588.68
|-
|Sandīpanī
|729/512
|612
|372.5098
|54
|611.32
|-
|
|35/24
|653
|381.5373
|380.8361
|G {{music|d}}
|58
|656.6
|-
|Ālāpinī
|3/2
|702
|392.4383
|391.9954
|G
|62
|701.89
|-
|
|54/35
|751
|403.6509
|403.4818
|G‡
|66
|747.17
|-
|Madantī
|128/81
|792
|413.4330
| rowspan="2" |415.3047
| rowspan="2" |A♭
|70
|792.45
|-
|Rohiṇī
|8/5
|814
|418.6009
|72
|815.09
|-
|
|49/30
|849
|427.3218
|427.47405
|A‡
|75
|849.06
|-
|Ramyā
|5/3
|884
|436.0426
| rowspan="2" |440.0000
| rowspan="2" |A
|78
|883.02
|-
|Ugrā
|27/16
|907
|441.4931
|80
|905.66
|-
|
|243/140
|955
|454.1072
|452.893
|A {{music|t}}
|84
|950.94
|-
|Kṣobhinī
|16/9
|996
|465.1121
| rowspan="2" |466.1638
| rowspan="2" |B♭
|88
|996.23
|-
|Tīvrā
|9/5
|1017
|470.9260
|90
|1018.87
|-
|
|11/6
|1050
|479.6469
|479.8234
|B {{music|d}}
|93
|1052.83
|-
|Kumudvatī
|15/8
|1088
|490.5479
| rowspan="2" |493.8833
| rowspan="2" |B
|96
|1086.79
|-
|Mandā
|243/128
|1110
|496.6798
|98
|1109.43
|-
|
|35/18
|1151
|508.7164
|508.3552
|B‡/C {{music|d}}
|102
|1154.72
|-
|Chandovatī
|2
|1200
| colspan="2" |523.2511
|C
|106
|1200
|}


 
Some derivations in the light of modern temperament theory: ''[[Magic22 as srutis]]''
 
Some derivations in the light of modern temperament theory: [[Magic22_as_srutis|Magic22 and Shrutar22 as srutis]]


==Other links==
==Other links==
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[http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/ www.chandrakantha.com - Indian classical music]- portal on indian music, with detailed [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/ descriptions of a number of north indian rags]
[http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/ www.chandrakantha.com - Indian classical music]- portal on indian music, with detailed [http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/ descriptions of a number of north indian rags]


[http://22shruti.com 22shruti.com]
* http://22shruti.com 22shruti.com


[[Category:todo:rename]]
{{Todo|rename|expand}}
[[Category:todo:expand]]
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