Indian music: Difference between revisions

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In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/>

In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/> However, there is a long history of specific [[tuning system|systems of pitches]] called shruti, going back at least to {{w|Bharata (sage)|Bharata}}'s Natyashastra, in which he discusses a system of 22 notes and describes an experiment involving two vinas.<ref name="ghosh1961natyashastra"/> It is not obvious how to interpret Bharata's discussion in terms of exact pitches, and it has given rise to a long line of analyses and proposed interpretations, with different pitches and numbers of notes. Given the complexity of the issue, it would be unwise to pick one system as ''the'' system of 22 shruti. The relationship of systems of shruti to musical practice remains contentious.<ref name="meer2010construction"/><ref name="levy1982intonation"/>

~~There~~ is ~~a long history~~ of ~~specific systems~~ of ~~pitches called~~ shruti, ~~going back at least to Bharata's Natyashastra.<ref name="ghosh1961natyashastra"/> Bharata discusses~~ a ~~system of 22 notes and describes an experiment involving two vinas. It~~ is ~~not obvious how to interpret Bharata's discussion in terms of exact pitches, and it has given rise to~~ a ~~long line of analyses and proposed interpretations, with different pitches and numbers~~ of ~~notes~~.<ref name="~~meer2010construction~~"/><ref ~~name="levy1982intonation"~~/><ref ~~name="sambamoorthy1963south"/~~> ~~Given the complexity~~ of the ~~issue,~~ it ~~would be unwise to pick one system~~ as ''the~~'' system~~ of 22 shruti.

While there is no single standardized definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals, a particularly widely recognized scheme is a 22-tone subset of [[5-limit]] [[JI]].<ref name="sambamoorthy1963south"/><ref>S. Vidyasankar. [https://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm ''Derivation of the 22 Srutis'']. </ref>

~~The relationship of systems~~ of ~~shruti to musical practice remains contentious~~.<ref ~~name="meer2010construction"~~/><ref ~~name="levy1982intonation"/~~>

Contemporary microtonalists nonetheless continue to creatively develop tunings for it, with various degrees of authenticity. This includes the attempt to reframe it under [[regular temperament theory]]. [[Gene Ward Smith]] has considered [[magic|Magic[22]]] and [[srutal|Srutal[22]]] as possible tunings, the name of the latter temperament being inspired by none else than the 22 shruti system, and [[Joseph Monzo]] has argued for the utility of [[schismic]] tunings.<ref>[https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_63593.html Yahoo! tuning list | ''Magic{{lbrack}}22{{rbrack}} as srutis'']</ref>

== References ==

@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 {{Wikipedia|Shruti (music)}}
-In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/>
+In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/> However, there is a long history of specific [[tuning system|systems of pitches]] called shruti, going back at least to {{w|Bharata (sage)|Bharata}}'s Natyashastra, in which he discusses a system of 22 notes and describes an experiment involving two vinas.<ref name="ghosh1961natyashastra"/> It is not obvious how to interpret Bharata's discussion in terms of exact pitches, and it has given rise to a long line of analyses and proposed interpretations, with different pitches and numbers of notes. Given the complexity of the issue, it would be unwise to pick one system as ''the'' system of 22 shruti. The relationship of systems of shruti to musical practice remains contentious.<ref name="meer2010construction"/><ref name="levy1982intonation"/>
-There is a long history of specific systems of pitches called shruti, going back at least to Bharata's Natyashastra.<ref name="ghosh1961natyashastra"/> Bharata discusses a system of 22 notes and describes an experiment involving two vinas. It is not obvious how to interpret Bharata's discussion in terms of exact pitches, and it has given rise to a long line of analyses and proposed interpretations, with different pitches and numbers of notes.<ref name="meer2010construction"/><ref name="levy1982intonation"/><ref name="sambamoorthy1963south"/> Given the complexity of the issue, it would be unwise to pick one system as ''the'' system of 22 shruti.
+While there is no single standardized definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals, a particularly widely recognized scheme is a 22-tone subset of [[5-limit]] [[JI]].<ref name="sambamoorthy1963south"/><ref>S. Vidyasankar. [https://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm ''Derivation of the 22 Srutis'']. </ref>
-The relationship of systems of shruti to musical practice remains contentious.<ref name="meer2010construction"/><ref name="levy1982intonation"/>
+Contemporary microtonalists nonetheless continue to creatively develop tunings for it, with various degrees of authenticity. This includes the attempt to reframe it under [[regular temperament theory]]. [[Gene Ward Smith]] has considered [[magic|Magic[22]]] and [[srutal|Srutal[22]]] as possible tunings, the name of the latter temperament being inspired by none else than the 22 shruti system, and [[Joseph Monzo]] has argued for the utility of [[schismic]] tunings.<ref>[https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_63593.html Yahoo! tuning list | ''Magic{{lbrack}}22{{rbrack}} as srutis'']</ref>
 == References ==