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{{Redirect|Octave|its use as an [[interval region]]|Octave (interval region)}}

The '''octave''' (abbreviation: '''8ve''', symbol: '''oct''', [[frequency ratio]]: '''2/1''') is one of the most basic [[Gallery of just intervals|intervals]] found in musical systems throughout the entire world. It has a frequency ratio of 2/1 and a size of 1200 [[cent]]s. It is used as the standard of [[interval size measure|logarithmic measurement]] for all intervals, regardless if they are justly tuned or not.

It is the first [[prime harmonic]], with the next being [[3/1]].

== Octave equivalence ==

~~The octave is usually called the '''interval~~ of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same "pitch class" despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.

The ~~perception of~~ octave ~~equivalence appears to have both biological and cultural components.~~

The octave is usually called the '''interval of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same [[pitch class]] despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.

~~Studies have shown that various non-human animals, including rhesus monkeys and rats, experience octave equivalence to a certain extent.<ref>Hoeschele M. [https://doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2017.120002~~ ''~~Animal Pitch Perception: Melodies and Harmonies~~'~~']. Comp Cogn Behav Rev. 2017</ref>~~

~~However, the degree~~ of ~~octave~~ equivalence ~~perception varies across cultures, particularly in those with non-Western musical traditions.<ref>Jacoby, Nori et al. [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DW39V '~~'~~Universal and Non-universal Features of Musical Pitch Perception Revealed by Singing~~''~~]. Current Biology~~, ~~2019.</ref>~~

~~When a different~~ interval ~~(such~~ as the [[~~tritave~~]]) is ~~used as~~ the ~~interval of equivalence~~, ~~it is referred to as an~~ [[~~equave~~]] ~~or "formal~~ octave".

== Octave stretch ==

Some musical systems exhibit stretched (or compressed) octaves where the octave is tuned slightly different from a pure 2:1 ratio. This occurs in piano tuning (to compensate for inharmonicity in piano strings) and in some traditional music systems, such as the Indonesian [[Pelog]] and [[Slendro]] scales.

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== See also ==

* [[Prime interval]]

* [[Gallery of ~~Just Intervals]]~~

* [[Gallery of just intervals]]

* [[Toctave]]

* [[EDO]]

* [[Octave reduction]]

* [[Octave complement]]

* [[Octave (interval region)]]

~~== References ==~~

~~<references/>~~

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 }}
 {{Wikipedia|Octave}}
+{{Redirect|Octave|its use as an [[interval region]]|Octave (interval region)}}
 The '''octave''' (abbreviation: '''8ve''', symbol: '''oct''', [[frequency ratio]]: '''2/1''') is one of the most basic [[Gallery of just intervals|intervals]] found in musical systems throughout the entire world. It has a frequency ratio of 2/1 and a size of 1200 [[cent]]s. It is used as the standard of [[interval size measure|logarithmic measurement]] for all intervals, regardless if they are justly tuned or not.
+It is the first [[prime harmonic]], with the next being [[3/1]].
 == Octave equivalence ==
-The octave is usually called the '''interval of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same "pitch class" despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.
+{{Main|Interval of equivalence}}
-The perception of octave equivalence appears to have both biological and cultural components.
+The octave is usually called the '''interval of equivalence''', because tones separated by this interval are perceived as having the same [[pitch class]] despite their different absolute pitches. This equivalence is so strong that in most musical notation systems, notes separated by octaves share the same name. For the same reason, most [[scale]]s repeat at the octave.
-Studies have shown that various non-human animals, including rhesus monkeys and rats, experience octave equivalence to a certain extent.<ref>Hoeschele M. [https://doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2017.120002 ''Animal Pitch Perception: Melodies and Harmonies'']. Comp Cogn Behav Rev. 2017</ref>
-However, the degree of octave equivalence perception varies across cultures, particularly in those with non-Western musical traditions.<ref>Jacoby, Nori et al. [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DW39V ''Universal and Non-universal Features of Musical Pitch Perception Revealed by Singing'']. Current Biology, 2019.</ref>
-When a different interval (such as the [[tritave]]) is used as the interval of equivalence, it is referred to as an [[equave]] or "formal octave".
 == Octave stretch ==
-{{main|Stretched and compressed tuning}}
+{{Main|Stretched and compressed tuning}}
 Some musical systems exhibit stretched (or compressed) octaves where the octave is tuned slightly different from a pure 2:1 ratio. This occurs in piano tuning (to compensate for inharmonicity in piano strings) and in some traditional music systems, such as the Indonesian [[Pelog]] and [[Slendro]] scales.
@@ Line 38: / Line 37: @@
 == See also ==
 * [[Prime interval]]
-* [[Gallery of Just Intervals]]
+* [[Gallery of just intervals]]
-* [[Toctave]]
 * [[EDO]]
 * [[Octave reduction]]
 * [[Octave complement]]
-* [[Octave (interval region)]]
-== References ==
-<references/>