Large comma

A large comma is a comma whose size is approximately 100 cents and larger. As intervals, these commas are steps or even skips.

For commas under 100 cents, see Medium comma for commas in between 30 and 100 cents or Small comma for commas under 30 cents. For commas under 3.5 cents, see Unnoticeable comma.

Except for the 3-limit commas, the color name refers to both the comma and the temperament created when it is tempered out.

The commas might be numerous, but there is no need to memorise all the names. For pretty much all use cases, it is perfectly acceptable – preferred, even – to just refer to a comma by the monzo or ratio, whichever is simpler.

Disputed status

To varying degrees, the status of each of the commas on this page as "a comma" is disputed. Due to their large size in cents, many of these commas lead to high-damage temperaments when tempered out. Which calls into question whether they can actually be used as commas.

Those which have a highly complex monzo and ratio tend to distribute their error more thinly across a wide number of JI intervals, making them more 'comma-like' than the others on this page. Some still dispute this due to their perhaps limited ability to make comma pumps. However they are more widely accepted than the ones on this page with simpler monzos and ratios.

List of commas, by prime limit

3-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
26-comma	Wa-26	w-26	2541865828329 / 2199023255552	[-41 26⟩	250.83
27-comma	Wa-27	w-27	8796093022208 / 7625597484987	[43 -27⟩	247.21
Pythagorean whole tone	Wa 2nd	w2	9 / 8	[-3 2⟩	203.91
43-comma	Wa-43	w-43		[-68 43⟩	184.065
63-comma	Wa-63	w-63		[100 -63⟩	176.835
31-comma	Wa-31	w-31	617673396283947 / 562949953421312	[-49 31⟩	160.605
22-comma	Wa-22	w-22	34359738368 / 31381059609	[35 -22⟩	156.99
19-comma	Wa-19	w-19	1162261467 / 1073741824	[-30 19⟩	137.145
Apotome	Lawa	Lw1	2187 / 2048	[-11 7⟩	113.685
46-comma	Wa-46	w-46		[73 -46⟩	110.07

5-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Shallowtone comma	Lalayobi	LLy1	295245 / 262144	[-18 10 1⟩	205.864
Delorean	Tribigu	6g3	17496 / 15625	[3 7 -6⟩	195.803
31-3/5-comma	Thiwegu	31g7		[23 31 -31⟩	184.88
Minor whole tone, yo 2nd	Yo	y2	10 / 9	[1 -2 1⟩	182.404
5-cycle major second, hexadecathird comma	Lala-quadquadyo	LL16y-4	152587890625 / 137438953472	[-37 0 16⟩	181.019
Nadir comma	Lalatrigu	LL3g1	1162261467 / 1048576000	[-23 19 -3⟩	178.204
	Legu	11g4	53747712 / 48828125	[13 8 -11⟩	166.189
Enipucrop	Latriyobi	L3y1	1125 / 1024	[-10 2 3⟩	162.851
Supersharp	Sayoyo	syy2	800 / 729	[5 -6 2⟩	160.897
Nether comma	Lala-gugu	LLgg1	14348907 / 13107200	[-19 15 -2⟩	156.698
Rarity comma	Quadla-theyo	4L13y-5		[-57 17 13⟩	155.313
Gorgo, laconic	Latrigubi	L3g2	2187 / 2000	[-4 7 -3⟩	154.744
Smate, symbolic comma	Saquadgu	s4g3	2048 / 1875	[11 -1 -4⟩	152.790
Acute limma	Trila-neyobi	3L19y-5	19073486328125 / 17592186044416	[-44 0 19⟩	139.961
31-15-comma	Tritrila-thiweyo	9L31y-11		[-121 31 31⟩	136.33
Deeptone comma, Tragicomma	Lagu	Lg1	177147 / 163840	[-15 11 -1⟩	135.191
Large limma	Gugu	gg2	27 / 25	[0 3 -2⟩	133.238
11-3/5-comma	Leyo	11y-2	48828125 / 45349632	[-8 -11 11⟩	127.946
27-3/5-comma	Tritritrigu	27g6		[20 27 -27⟩	122.315
Lemba	Latribiyo	L6y-2	140625 / 131072	[-17 2 6⟩	121.792
87-15-comma				[340 -87 -87⟩	120.622
Sixix comma	Quinyo	5y1	3125 / 2916	[-2 -6 5⟩	119.839
Diesma	Lathegu	L13g3	10460353203 / 9765625000	[-3 21 -13⟩	118.977
Comic comma	Saquadyobi	s4y2	5120000 / 4782969	[13 -14 4⟩	117.885
Just diatonic semitone	Gubi	g2	16 / 15	[4 -1 -1⟩	111.731
Beatles	Sasa-gugu	ssgg3	524288 / 492075	[19 -9 -2⟩	109.778
300-3/5-comma				[-221 -300 300⟩	107.614
Wronecki	Latribigu	L6g2	531441 / 500000	[-5 12 -6⟩	105.578
Wesley comma	Lasepyobi	L7y-2	78125 / 73728	[-13 -2 7⟩	100.286

7-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Antidilemma	Sasa-theruquad	ss13r-2	137438953472 / 96889010407	[37 0 0 -13⟩	605.263
Dilemma	Lala-thezoquad	LL13z9	96889010407 / 68719476736	[-36 0 0 13⟩	594.737
Septimal major second, supermajor second, augmented whole-tone, ru 2nd	Rubi	r2	8 / 7	[3 0 0 -1⟩	231.174
Hexatone comma, 6-7-comma	Satribiru	s6r-2	131072 / 117649	[17 0 0 -6⟩	187.045
45-7/5-comma	Quintritriruyo	45ry-27		[22 0 45 -45⟩	186.951
63-35-comma	Tritribila-septritrizoyo	18L63zy8		[-323 0 63 63⟩	173.796
8-21-comma	Lala-quadbizo	LL8z4	37822859361 / 34359738368	[-35 8 0 8⟩	166.247
46-7-comma	Sepla-twethebizobi	7L46z18		[-129 0 0 46⟩	165.992
25-7/5-comma	Quinquinzogu	25zg17		[-12 0 -25 25⟩	162.805
43-21-comma	Quadtrisa-fotherubi	12s43r-11		[189 -43 0 -43⟩	156.421
Septimal neutral second, 35th harmonic	Zoyo	zy2	35 / 32	[-5 0 1 1⟩	155.140
43-7/5-comma	Fotheruyo	43ry-26		[21 0 43 -43⟩	151.976
Swetismic neutral second	Zozogu	zzg3	49 / 45	[0 -2 -1 2⟩	147.428
160/147	Ruruyobi	rry1	160 / 147	[5 -1 1 -2⟩	146.707
Hendecatone comma, 11-7-comma	Sasa-leru	ss11r-4	2147483648 / 1977326743	[31 0 0 -11⟩	142.915
Septimal subtone	Larubi	Lr1	243 / 224	[-5 5 0 -1⟩	140.949
55-35-comma	Quadquadla-lequinzoyobi	16L55zy7		[-282 0 55 55⟩	132.679
27-7/5-comma	Tritritrizogu	27zg18		[-13 0 -27 27⟩	127.829
41-7-comma	Tribila-fowezo	6L41z16		[-115 0 0 41⟩	121.862
13-21-comma	Quadla-thezobi	4L13z5		[-57 13 0 13⟩	120.152
Major diatonic semitone	Ruyo	ry1	15 / 14	[-1 1 1 -1⟩	119.443
Primate comma	Saru	sr2	16384 / 15309	[14 -7 0 -1⟩	117.489
41-7/5-comma	Foweruyo	41ry-25		[20 0 41 -41⟩	117
7-35-comma	Sasa-seprugu	ss7rg1	68719476736 / 64339296875	[36 0 -7 -7⟩	114.023
38-21-comma	Lesa-nebiru	11s38r-10		[167 -38 0 -38⟩	110.326
Triru comma	Triru	3r-2	729 / 686	[-1 6 0 -3⟩	105.252

11-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
11-cycle major second prote, 33-11-comma	Quinla-letrilobi	5L33(1o)-7		[-114 0 0 0 33⟩	193.492
4/5-tone, Ptolemy's second	Logu	1og2	11 / 10	[-1 0 -1 0 1⟩	165.004
11-enipucrop, 9-11-comma	Latritrilo	L9(1o)-2	2357947691 / 2147483648	[-31 0 0 0 9⟩	161.862
3/4-tone, undecimal neutral second	Lu	1u2	12 / 11	[2 1 0 0 -1⟩	150.637
Undecimal secor	Lozo	1oz2	77 / 72	[-3 -2 0 1 1⟩	116.234

13-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
13-cycle neutral second	Quadbila-fithethobi	8L53(3o)7		[-196 0 0 0 0 53⟩	147.966
Large tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal neutral second	Tho	3o2	13 / 12	[-2 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	138.573
Small tridecimal 2/3-tone, tridecimal limma, trienthird	Thuzo	3uz2	14 / 13	[1 0 0 1 0 -1⟩	128.298
Heptasixth comma, 13-cycle secor	Sasepthu	s7(3u)1	67108864 / 62748517	[26 0 0 0 0 -7⟩	116.306
Heptadecasixth comma, neutral thirteenth comma	Sasa-sethubi	ss17(3u)-2		[63 0 0 0 0 -17⟩	111.030

17-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
17-limit rational eventone	Sogubi	17og3	17 / 15	[0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1⟩	216.687
17th harmonic	Iso	17o2	17 / 16	[-4 0 0 0 0 0 1⟩	104.955

19-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
19-cycle meantone prima	Tribila-foweno	6L41(19o)13		[-174 0 0 0 0 0 0 41⟩	198.034
Undevicesimal rational meantone	Nosu	19o17u2	19 / 17	[0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1⟩	192.558
19-cycle meantone secunda	Tribila-quintritrino	6L45(19o)14		[-191 0 0 0 0 0 0 45⟩	188.086
19-cycle minor tone	Sepla-sepsepno	7L49(19o)15		[-208 0 0 0 0 0 0 49⟩	178.138
Undevicesimal rational submajor second	Nuzo	19uz2	21 / 19	[0 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1⟩	173.268
19-cycle submajor second	Quadbila-fithenobi	8L53(19o)16		[-225 0 0 0 0 0 0 53⟩	168.190
Dog comma	Inu	19u1	81 / 76	[-2 4 0 0 0 0 0 -1⟩	110.307

23-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
Large vicesimotertial neutral second	Twethoru	23or2	23 / 21	3.7.23 [-1 -1 1⟩	157.493
Small vicesimotertial neutral second	Twethuyoyo	23uyy1	25 / 23	5.23 [2 -1⟩	144.353
69th harmonic	Twetho	23o2	69 / 64	2.3.23 [-6 1 1⟩	130.229

Higher-limit commas

Name(s)	Color Name		Ratio	Monzo	Cents
29th subharmonic	Twenu	29u2	32 / 29	2.29 [5 -1⟩	170.423
47/44	Fosolu	47o1u2	47 / 44	2.11.47 [-2 -1 1⟩	114.189