Keyboard: Difference between revisions

Line 1:

[[~~Piano~~]]s, harpsichords and organs are suited for microtonal music insofar as the strings/pipes can, within limits, be tuned to anything desired. The probability that tuning issues arise with these instruments is even slightly higher than average since there is often "old" music (baroque and older, from the pre-well-tempered age) being played on them.

'''Keyboard''' instruments such as [[piano]]s, harpsichords and organs are suited for microtonal music insofar as the strings/pipes can, within limits, be tuned to anything desired. The probability that tuning issues arise with these instruments is even slightly higher than average since there is often "old" music (baroque and older, from the pre-well-tempered age) being played on them.

For electronic instruments (synthesizers), there is, in theory, absolute freedom for the pitches anyway — not in practice, though. But nowadays, many synthesizers have a built-in retuning functionality.

For electronic instruments (synthesizers), there is, in theory, absolute freedom for the pitches anyway – not in practice, though. But nowadays, many synthesizers have a built-in retuning functionality.

A potential source for troubles is the traditional keyboard design, the [[Halberstadt keyboard]], which is optimized for diatonic scales and 12 tones per octave. For microtonal music with not more than 12 tones per octave, this is not such a problem — fingerings for non-standard scales can be learned. But it can become a problem if you need more than 12 tones per octave, or even want a [[nonoctave]] tuning, such as [[Bohlen–Pierce]] or one of [[Wendy Carlos]]'s equal-step scales. Fortunately, there exist several solutions to this problem.

A potential source for troubles is the traditional keyboard design, the [[Halberstadt keyboard]], which is optimized for diatonic scales and 12 tones per octave. For microtonal music with not more than 12 tones per octave, this is not such a problem – fingerings for non-standard scales can be learned. But it can become a problem if you need more than 12 tones per octave, or even want a [[nonoctave]] tuning, such as [[Bohlen–Pierce]] or one of [[Wendy Carlos]]'s equal-step scales. Fortunately, there exist several solutions to this problem.

== Strategies for more than 12 tones per octave ==

Line 11:

Of course, each keyboard's tuning does not have to be 12edo, but choosing a 12-tone octave-repeating scale has its advantages. The keyboard layout keeps the familiar property that 12 key steps span one octave, and the pitches typically need only minor retuning. This is not unimportant for acoustical instruments, where we usually have physical limits to the amount a pitch can be retuned. For this reason, this approach is widely used, especially in the field of contemporary classical music. As for synthesizers, a compatibility list for various models can be found at [http://www.microtonal-synthesis.com Microtonal Synthesis].

The main disadvantage of this solution is, of course, that you need several keyboards. In the case of acoustic pianos, this means in practice that the maximal number of pitches per octave you can obtain is limited - to the number of pianos you can put on the stage ~~together...~~ [http://www.allmusic.com/composition/arc-en-ciel-for-6-grand-pianos-in-12-tone-tuning-mc0002707751 ''Arc-en-ciel''] by [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]], for example, a piece in [[72edo]], is written for six (!) pianos, and [http://www.universaledition.com/Georg-Friedrich-Haas/komponisten-und-werke/komponist/278/werk/13386 ''Limited approximations'']{{dead link}} by [[Georg Friedrich Haas]], in 72edo as well, needs the same number of pianos and moreover a whole ~~orchestra...~~

The main disadvantage of this solution is, of course, that you need several keyboards. In the case of acoustic pianos, this means in practice that the maximal number of pitches per octave you can obtain is limited – to the number of pianos you can put on the stage together… [http://www.allmusic.com/composition/arc-en-ciel-for-6-grand-pianos-in-12-tone-tuning-mc0002707751 ''Arc-en-ciel''] by [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]], for example, a piece in [[72edo]], is written for six (!) pianos, and [http://www.universaledition.com/Georg-Friedrich-Haas/komponisten-und-werke/komponist/278/werk/13386 ''Limited approximations'']{{dead link}} by [[Georg Friedrich Haas]], in 72edo as well, needs the same number of pianos and moreover a whole orchestra…

Electronic keyboards sometimes have the possibility to play in "split" mode, i.e. the upper and the lower half of the keyboard can send to different midi channels. Some keyboards offer up to 4 split areas. In this case, you need only one keyboard - but you still have the disadvantage of having to jump between the areas.

Electronic keyboards sometimes have the possibility to play in "split" mode, i.e. the upper and the lower half of the keyboard can send to different midi channels. Some keyboards offer up to 4 split areas. In this case, you need only one keyboard – but you still have the disadvantage of having to jump between the areas.

* [[SeventeenTonePianoProject#pianotuningdetails|12 note octave scales piano tuning instructions for 17edo]]

Line 35:

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8gusUyO1Ts Piano cover of ''In the Bleak Midwinter''] by [[Stephen Weigel]] (based on Jacob Collier's cover)

This is, however, not a particularly easy way to do ~~it...~~

This is, however, not a particularly easy way to do it…

=== Dynamic tunings ===

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== List of alternative keyboards ==

'''See also this giant ~~<big>~~[https://www.kvraudio.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=594460 List of MPE Hardware Controllers (www.kvraudio.com/forum)]~~</big>'~~''

''See also this giant [https://www.kvraudio.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=594460 List of MPE Hardware Controllers (www.kvraudio.com/forum)]''.

=== Generalized keyboards ===

Line 107:

! Price

|-

| [https://www.lumatone.io/ Lumatone]/[http://www.terpstrakeyboard.com Terpstra Keyboard]

| [https://www.lumatone.io/ Lumatone] / [http://www.terpstrakeyboard.com Terpstra Keyboard]

| Lumatone Inc./Cortex Design

| Lumatone Inc. / Cortex Design

| Hexagonal tiling, customizable layout (default: Bosanquet)

| 280

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| $4,250 USD

|-

|[https://deltarational.com/product/ts41-midi-keyboard/ TS41]

| [https://deltarational.com/product/ts41-midi-keyboard/ TS41]

|Delta Rational/[[~~User:Tristanbay|~~Tristan Bay]]

| Delta Rational / [[Tristan Bay]]

|Bosanquet

| Bosanquet

|126

| 126

|In production

| In production

|$139 USD

| $139 USD

|-

|[https://richiegreene.com/instruments/ Cimbalo Cromatico]

| [https://richiegreene.com/instruments/ Cimbalo Cromatico]

|Richie Greene

| Richie Greene

|Split-key Halberstadt (two layouts, 17-tone and 19-tone)

| Split-key Halberstadt (two layouts, 17-tone and 19-tone)

|32

| 32

|In production

| In production

|$120 USD

| $120 USD<br>$40 USD (Build Kit)

$40 USD (Build Kit)

|-

| [https://www.striso.org/ Striso board]

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| 61

| In production

| €544 (EU + VAT)

| €544 (EU + VAT)<br>€449 (Worldwide)

€449 (Worldwide)

|-

| [https://dualo.com/en/exquis/ Exquis]

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| [http://monome.org/ monome grid one]

| monome

| ~~16 by 8~~ square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)

| 16×8 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)

| 128

| In production

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| [http://monome.org/ monome grid zero]

| monome

| ~~16 by 16~~ square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)

| 16×16 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)

| 256

| In production

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| 1-dimensional, 2 tiers of keys (black/white), with customizable black/white pattern

| 61, 76 or 88

|In production

| In production

|

|-

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| Jankó

| 203

|In production

| In production

|

|-

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| Jankó

| 243

|In production

| In production

|

|-

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| Bosanquet

| 810

|In production

| In production

|$9,895 USD

| $9,895 USD

|-

| [http://www.shapeofmusic.com/ Opal Chameleon, Opal Gekko]

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| Harmonic table

| 192

|In production

| In production

|

|-

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| Various (hexagonal, rectangular, 1-dimensional et al.) XXX

| XXX

|No longer produced

| No longer produced

|

|-

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| 98

| No longer produced

|$495 USD

| $495 USD

|-

| [http://www.c-thru-music.com/cgi/?page=prod_axis-64 AXiS-64]

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| 114

| Never produced

|N/A

| N/A

|-

| [http://metatonalmusic.com/ Metatonal Keyboard]

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|

| Never produced

|N/A

| N/A

|}

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! Manufacturer

!layout

!No. of "keys"

! No. of "keys"

!Price

! Price

|-

| [https://www.hakenaudio.com/continuum-introduction Continuum Fingerboard]

| rowspan="2" | Haken Audio

| rowspan="2" |Halberstadt

| rowspan="2" | Halberstadt

|45 or 69

| 45 or 69

|$4910 or $6510 USD

| $4910 or $6510 USD

|-

|[https://www.hakenaudio.com/continuumini-introduction ContinuuMini]

|45

| 45

|$999 USD

| $999 USD

|-

|[https://roli.com/us/product/seaboard-2 Seaboard 2]

| [https://roli.com/us/product/seaboard-2 Seaboard 2]

| rowspan="2" |ROLI

| rowspan="2" |Halberstadt

|49

| 49

|$1399 USD

| $1399 USD

|-

|[https://roli.com/us/experience/seaboard-m Seaboard M]

| [https://roli.com/us/experience/seaboard-m Seaboard M]

|24

| 24

|$349 USD

| $349 USD

|-

| [https://www.rogerlinndesign.com/linnstrument LinnStrument]

| Roger Linn Design

|Square layout, 8 rows

| Square layout, 8 rows

|128 or 200

| 128 or 200

|$1149 or $1649 USD

| $1149 or $1649 USD

|-

| [http://madronalabs.com/hardware Soundplane Model A]

| Madrona Labs

|Rectangular layout

| Rectangular layout

|150

| 150

|$1895 CAD

| $1895 CAD

|-

| [http://www.doepfer.de/R2M.htm R2M Ribbon Controller]

| Doepfer

|One-dimensional

| One-dimensional

|N/A

| N/A

|€320

| €320

|}

Line 336:

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{| class="wikitable"

|+

!Product

! Product

!Manufacturer

! Manufacturer

!Layout

! Layout

!No. of "keys"

! No. of "keys"

!Price

! Price

|-

|[https://desideratasystems.com/mosaichord.html Seven Limit Mosaichord]

| [https://desideratasystems.com/mosaichord.html Seven Limit Mosaichord]

|Desiderata Systems

| Desiderata Systems

|Voronoi

| Voronoi

|113 (4 octaves)

| 113 (4 octaves)

|$800 USD

| $800 USD

|-

|[https://global.novationmusic.com/en/launch/launchpad-pro Launchpad Pro]

| [https://global.novationmusic.com/en/launch/launchpad-pro Launchpad Pro]

|Novation

| Novation

|~~8x8~~

| 8×8

|64 + 17 control keys

| 64 + 17 control keys

|$389 USD

| $389 USD

|-

|[https://www.behringer.com/behringer/product?modelCode=P0AJD CMD LC-1]

| [https://www.behringer.com/behringer/product?modelCode=P0AJD CMD LC-1]

|Behringer

| Behringer

|~~4x8~~

| 4×8

|32 + 20 control keys

| 32 + 20 control keys

|$99 USD

| $99 USD

|}

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Touchscreens in general:

* [[Wikipedia: Touchscreen#Technologies]]

* [[Wikipedia: Touchscreen #Technologies]]

* Here's an article discussing available touch screen technologies per 2010: http://www.eizoglobal.com/library/basics/basic_understanding_of_touch_panel/

* Some more overview: http://www.elotouch.com/Products/detech2.asp

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Piano]]s, harpsichords and organs are suited for microtonal music insofar as the strings/pipes can, within limits, be tuned to anything desired. The probability that tuning issues arise with these instruments is even slightly higher than average since there is often "old" music (baroque and older, from the pre-well-tempered age) being played on them.
+'''Keyboard''' instruments such as [[piano]]s, harpsichords and organs are suited for microtonal music insofar as the strings/pipes can, within limits, be tuned to anything desired. The probability that tuning issues arise with these instruments is even slightly higher than average since there is often "old" music (baroque and older, from the pre-well-tempered age) being played on them.
-For electronic instruments (synthesizers), there is, in theory, absolute freedom for the pitches anyway — not in practice, though. But nowadays, many synthesizers have a built-in retuning functionality.
+For electronic instruments (synthesizers), there is, in theory, absolute freedom for the pitches anyway – not in practice, though. But nowadays, many synthesizers have a built-in retuning functionality.
-A potential source for troubles is the traditional keyboard design, the [[Halberstadt keyboard]], which is optimized for diatonic scales and 12 tones per octave. For microtonal music with not more than 12 tones per octave, this is not such a problem — fingerings for non-standard scales can be learned. But it can become a problem if you need more than 12 tones per octave, or even want a [[nonoctave]] tuning, such as [[Bohlen–Pierce]] or one of [[Wendy Carlos]]'s equal-step scales. Fortunately, there exist several solutions to this problem.
+A potential source for troubles is the traditional keyboard design, the [[Halberstadt keyboard]], which is optimized for diatonic scales and 12 tones per octave. For microtonal music with not more than 12 tones per octave, this is not such a problem – fingerings for non-standard scales can be learned. But it can become a problem if you need more than 12 tones per octave, or even want a [[nonoctave]] tuning, such as [[Bohlen–Pierce]] or one of [[Wendy Carlos]]'s equal-step scales. Fortunately, there exist several solutions to this problem.
 == Strategies for more than 12 tones per octave ==
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Of course, each keyboard's tuning does not have to be 12edo, but choosing a 12-tone octave-repeating scale has its advantages. The keyboard layout keeps the familiar property that 12 key steps span one octave, and the pitches typically need only minor retuning. This is not unimportant for acoustical instruments, where we usually have physical limits to the amount a pitch can be retuned. For this reason, this approach is widely used, especially in the field of contemporary classical music. As for synthesizers, a compatibility list for various models can be found at [http://www.microtonal-synthesis.com Microtonal Synthesis].
-The main disadvantage of this solution is, of course, that you need several keyboards. In the case of acoustic pianos, this means in practice that the maximal number of pitches per octave you can obtain is limited - to the number of pianos you can put on the stage together... [http://www.allmusic.com/composition/arc-en-ciel-for-6-grand-pianos-in-12-tone-tuning-mc0002707751 ''Arc-en-ciel''] by [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]], for example, a piece in [[72edo]], is written for six (!) pianos, and [http://www.universaledition.com/Georg-Friedrich-Haas/komponisten-und-werke/komponist/278/werk/13386 ''Limited approximations'']{{dead link}} by [[Georg Friedrich Haas]], in 72edo as well, needs the same number of pianos and moreover a whole orchestra...
+The main disadvantage of this solution is, of course, that you need several keyboards. In the case of acoustic pianos, this means in practice that the maximal number of pitches per octave you can obtain is limited – to the number of pianos you can put on the stage together… [http://www.allmusic.com/composition/arc-en-ciel-for-6-grand-pianos-in-12-tone-tuning-mc0002707751 ''Arc-en-ciel''] by [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]], for example, a piece in [[72edo]], is written for six (!) pianos, and [http://www.universaledition.com/Georg-Friedrich-Haas/komponisten-und-werke/komponist/278/werk/13386 ''Limited approximations'']{{dead link}} by [[Georg Friedrich Haas]], in 72edo as well, needs the same number of pianos and moreover a whole orchestra…
-Electronic keyboards sometimes have the possibility to play in "split" mode, i.e. the upper and the lower half of the keyboard can send to different midi channels. Some keyboards offer up to 4 split areas. In this case, you need only one keyboard - but you still have the disadvantage of having to jump between the areas.
+Electronic keyboards sometimes have the possibility to play in "split" mode, i.e. the upper and the lower half of the keyboard can send to different midi channels. Some keyboards offer up to 4 split areas. In this case, you need only one keyboard – but you still have the disadvantage of having to jump between the areas.
 * [[SeventeenTonePianoProject#pianotuningdetails|12 note octave scales piano tuning instructions for 17edo]]
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8gusUyO1Ts Piano cover of ''In the Bleak Midwinter''] by [[Stephen Weigel]] (based on Jacob Collier's cover)
-This is, however, not a particularly easy way to do it...
+This is, however, not a particularly easy way to do it…
 === Dynamic tunings ===
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 == List of alternative keyboards ==
-'''See also this giant <big>[https://www.kvraudio.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=594460 List of MPE Hardware Controllers (www.kvraudio.com/forum)]</big>'''
+''See also this giant [https://www.kvraudio.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=594460 List of MPE Hardware Controllers (www.kvraudio.com/forum)]''.
 === Generalized keyboards ===
@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 ! Price
 |-
-| [https://www.lumatone.io/ Lumatone]/[http://www.terpstrakeyboard.com Terpstra Keyboard]
+| [https://www.lumatone.io/ Lumatone] / [http://www.terpstrakeyboard.com Terpstra Keyboard]
-| Lumatone Inc./Cortex Design
+| Lumatone Inc. / Cortex Design
 | Hexagonal tiling, customizable layout (default: Bosanquet)
 | 280
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 | $4,250 USD
 |-
-|[https://deltarational.com/product/ts41-midi-keyboard/ TS41]
+| [https://deltarational.com/product/ts41-midi-keyboard/ TS41]
-|Delta Rational/[[User:Tristanbay|Tristan Bay]]
+| Delta Rational / [[Tristan Bay]]
-|Bosanquet
+| Bosanquet
-|126
+| 126
-|In production
+| In production
-|$139 USD
+| $139 USD
 |-
-|[https://richiegreene.com/instruments/ Cimbalo Cromatico]
+| [https://richiegreene.com/instruments/ Cimbalo Cromatico]
-|Richie Greene
+| Richie Greene
-|Split-key Halberstadt (two layouts, 17-tone and 19-tone)
+| Split-key Halberstadt (two layouts, 17-tone and 19-tone)
-|32
+| 32
-|In production
+| In production
-|$120 USD
+| $120 USD<br>$40 USD (Build Kit)
-$40 USD (Build Kit)
 |-
 | [https://www.striso.org/ Striso board]
@@ Line 134: / Line 133: @@
 | 61
 | In production
-| €544 (EU + VAT)
+| €544 (EU + VAT)<br>€449 (Worldwide)
-€449 (Worldwide)
 |-
 | [https://dualo.com/en/exquis/ Exquis]
@@ Line 146: / Line 144: @@
 | [http://monome.org/ monome grid one]
 | monome
-| 16 by 8 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)
+| 16×8 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)
 | 128
 | In production
@@ Line 153: / Line 151: @@
 | [http://monome.org/ monome grid zero]
 | monome
-| 16 by 16 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)
+| 16×16 square tiling, mapping by coordinates (no default mapping)
 | 256
 | In production
@@ Line 162: / Line 160: @@
 | 1-dimensional, 2 tiers of keys (black/white), with customizable black/white pattern
 | 61, 76 or 88
-|In production
+| In production
 |
 |-
@@ Line 169: / Line 167: @@
 | Jankó
 | 203
-|In production
+| In production
 |
 |-
@@ Line 176: / Line 174: @@
 | Jankó
 | 243
-|In production
+| In production
 |
 |-
@@ Line 204: / Line 202: @@
 | Bosanquet
 | 810
-|In production
+| In production
-|$9,895 USD
+| $9,895 USD
 |-
 | [http://www.shapeofmusic.com/ Opal Chameleon, Opal Gekko]
@@ Line 211: / Line 209: @@
 | Harmonic table
 | 192
-|In production
+| In production
 |
 |-
@@ Line 246: / Line 244: @@
 | Various (hexagonal, rectangular, 1-dimensional et al.) XXX
 | XXX
-|No longer produced
+| No longer produced
 |
 |-
@@ Line 261: / Line 259: @@
 | 98
 | No longer produced
-|$495 USD
+| $495 USD
 |-
 | [http://www.c-thru-music.com/cgi/?page=prod_axis-64 AXiS-64]
@@ Line 275: / Line 273: @@
 | 114
 | Never produced
-|N/A
+| N/A
 |-
 | [http://metatonalmusic.com/ Metatonal Keyboard]
@@ Line 282: / Line 280: @@
 |
 | Never produced
-|N/A
+| N/A
 |}
@@ Line 291: / Line 289: @@
 ! Manufacturer
 !layout
-!No. of "keys"
+! No. of "keys"
-!Price
+! Price
 |-
 | [https://www.hakenaudio.com/continuum-introduction Continuum Fingerboard]
 | rowspan="2" | Haken Audio
-| rowspan="2" |Halberstadt
+| rowspan="2" | Halberstadt
-|45 or 69
+| 45 or 69
-|$4910 or $6510 USD
+| $4910 or $6510 USD
 |-
 |[https://www.hakenaudio.com/continuumini-introduction ContinuuMini]
-|45
+| 45
-|$999 USD
+| $999 USD
 |-
-|[https://roli.com/us/product/seaboard-2 Seaboard 2]
+| [https://roli.com/us/product/seaboard-2 Seaboard 2]
 | rowspan="2" |ROLI
 | rowspan="2" |Halberstadt
-|49
+| 49
-|$1399 USD
+| $1399 USD
 |-
-|[https://roli.com/us/experience/seaboard-m Seaboard M]
+| [https://roli.com/us/experience/seaboard-m Seaboard M]
-|24
+| 24
-|$349 USD
+| $349 USD
 |-
 | [https://www.rogerlinndesign.com/linnstrument LinnStrument]
 | Roger Linn Design
-|Square layout, 8 rows
+| Square layout, 8 rows
-|128 or 200
+| 128 or 200
-|$1149 or $1649 USD
+| $1149 or $1649 USD
 |-
 | [http://madronalabs.com/hardware Soundplane Model A]
 | Madrona Labs
-|Rectangular layout
+| Rectangular layout
-|150
+| 150
-|$1895 CAD
+| $1895 CAD
 |-
 | [http://www.doepfer.de/R2M.htm R2M Ribbon Controller]
 | Doepfer
-|One-dimensional
+| One-dimensional
-|N/A
+| N/A
-|€320
+| €320
 |}
@@ Line 336: / Line 334: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+
-!Product
+! Product
-!Manufacturer
+! Manufacturer
-!Layout
+! Layout
-!No. of "keys"
+! No. of "keys"
-!Price
+! Price
 |-
-|[https://desideratasystems.com/mosaichord.html Seven Limit Mosaichord]
+| [https://desideratasystems.com/mosaichord.html Seven Limit Mosaichord]
-|Desiderata Systems
+| Desiderata Systems
-|Voronoi
+| Voronoi
-|113 (4 octaves)
+| 113 (4 octaves)
-|$800 USD
+| $800 USD
 |-
-|[https://global.novationmusic.com/en/launch/launchpad-pro Launchpad Pro]
+| [https://global.novationmusic.com/en/launch/launchpad-pro Launchpad Pro]
-|Novation
+| Novation
-|8x8
+| 8×8
-|64 + 17 control keys
+| 64 + 17 control keys
-|$389 USD
+| $389 USD
 |-
-|[https://www.behringer.com/behringer/product?modelCode=P0AJD CMD LC-1]
+| [https://www.behringer.com/behringer/product?modelCode=P0AJD CMD LC-1]
-|Behringer
+| Behringer
-|4x8
+| 4×8
-|32 + 20 control keys
+| 32 + 20 control keys
-|$99 USD
+| $99 USD
 |}
@@ Line 376: / Line 374: @@
 Touchscreens in general:
-* [[Wikipedia: Touchscreen#Technologies]]
+* [[Wikipedia: Touchscreen #Technologies]]
 * Here's an article discussing available touch screen technologies per 2010: http://www.eizoglobal.com/library/basics/basic_understanding_of_touch_panel/
 * Some more overview: http://www.elotouch.com/Products/detech2.asp