Indian music: Difference between revisions
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Restore many things pre-rewrite and pre-merge. Sambamoorthy's *South Indian Music* seems to support 5-limit JI |
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* More complex ones like tones sliding into vibratos (like A sliding up to a vibrato between E and F). | * More complex ones like tones sliding into vibratos (like A sliding up to a vibrato between E and F). | ||
== | == Instruments == | ||
=== Tanpura === | |||
{{Wikipedia| Tanpura }} | |||
The tanpura is a long necked fretless lute which provides a harmonic-rich drone.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/> | The tanpura is a long necked fretless lute which provides a harmonic-rich drone.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/> | ||
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Sambamoorthy's [[#sambamoorthy1957drones|book on drones]] discusses the tanpura and other instruments used to provide drones. | Sambamoorthy's [[#sambamoorthy1957drones|book on drones]] discusses the tanpura and other instruments used to provide drones. | ||
== | === Harmonium === | ||
{{Wikipedia| Indian harmonium }} | |||
The harmonium is a portable reed organ. It was introduced into Indian music in the 19th century. Its use proved controversial, leading to a ban from All India Radio (AIR) from 1940–1971.<ref name="rahaim2011bane"/> The AIR seminar on the harmonium gives many arguments for and against the harmonium.<ref name="air1971harmonium"/> The use of equal temperament on the harmonium was one consideration; others included the inability to play meend and gamakas. | The harmonium is a portable reed organ. It was introduced into Indian music in the 19th century. Its use proved controversial, leading to a ban from All India Radio (AIR) from 1940–1971.<ref name="rahaim2011bane"/> The AIR seminar on the harmonium gives many arguments for and against the harmonium.<ref name="air1971harmonium"/> The use of equal temperament on the harmonium was one consideration; others included the inability to play meend and gamakas. | ||
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{{Wikipedia|Shruti (music)}} | {{Wikipedia|Shruti (music)}} | ||
In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/> | In modern practice, shruti refer to microtonal inflections in general.<ref name="clarke2024rags"/><ref name="meer2010construction"/> However, there is a long history of specific [[tuning system|systems of pitches]] called shruti, going back at least to {{w|Bharata (sage)|Bharata}}'s Natyashastra, in which he discusses a system of 22 notes and describes an experiment involving two vinas.<ref name="ghosh1961natyashastra"/> It is not obvious how to interpret Bharata's discussion in terms of exact pitches, and it has given rise to a long line of analyses and proposed interpretations, with different pitches and numbers of notes. Given the complexity of the issue, it would be unwise to pick one system as ''the'' system of 22 shruti. The relationship of systems of shruti to musical practice remains contentious.<ref name="meer2010construction"/><ref name="levy1982intonation"/> | ||
While there is no single standardized definition of the exact sizes of all shruti intervals, a particularly widely recognized scheme is a 22-tone subset of [[5-limit]] [[JI]].<ref name="sambamoorthy1963south"/><ref>S. Vidyasankar. [https://www.carnaticcorner.com/articles/22_srutis.htm ''Derivation of the 22 Srutis'']. </ref> | |||
Contemporary microtonalists nonetheless continue to creatively develop tunings for it, with various degrees of authenticity. This includes the attempt to reframe it under [[regular temperament theory]]. [[Gene Ward Smith]] has considered [[magic|Magic[22]]] and [[srutal|Srutal[22]]] as possible tunings, the name of the latter temperament being inspired by none else than the 22 shruti system, and [[Joseph Monzo]] has argued for the utility of [[schismic]] tunings.<ref>[https://yahootuninggroupsultimatebackup.github.io/tuning/topicId_63593.html Yahoo! tuning list | ''Magic{{lbrack}}22{{rbrack}} as srutis'']</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||