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* [[Pythagorean tuning]]
* [[Pythagorean tuning]]


* [[Meantone]]
* [[Meantone]] (sorted by: tuning of [[3/2]], flattest to sharpest)
** [[1/2-comma meantone|1/2 comma]] (''Fogliano 1529)''<ref name="Monzo"> [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meantone.aspx ''Meantone - Tonalsoft'' - Joe Monzo, 2005]</ref>*
**[[19edo]] (<small>''Costeley 1558''</small>)<ref>''Seigneur Dieu ta pitié'' - Guillaume Costeley, 1558</ref>
** [[19edo]] (''Costeley 1558'')<ref>''Seigneur Dieu ta pitié'' - Guillaume Costeley, 1558</ref>
**'''[[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]]''' (<small>''Salinas 1577''</small>)<ref>''De musica libri septem'' - Francisco de Salinas, 1577</ref>
** [[1/3-comma meantone|1/3 comma]] (''Salinas 1577'')<ref>''De musica libri septem'' - Francisco de Salinas, 1577</ref>
**[[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (<small>''Harrison 1775''</small>)<ref>''Concerning Such Mechanism'' - John Harrison, 1775</ref>
** [[Lucy tuning|Lucy]] (''Harrison 1775'')<ref>''Concerning Such Mechanism'' - John Harrison, 1775</ref>
**[[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (<small>''Zarlino 1558''</small>)<ref>''Le istitutioni harmoniche'' - Gioseffo Zarlino, 1558</ref>
** [[2/7-comma meantone|2/7 comma]] (''Zarlino 1558'')<ref>''Le istitutioni harmoniche'' - Gioseffo Zarlino, 1558</ref>
**[[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (<small>''Smith 1749''</small>)<ref>''Harmonics, or The philosophy of musical sounds'' - Robert Smith, 1749</ref>
** [[5/18-comma meantone|5/18 comma]] (''Smith 1749'')<ref>''Harmonics, or The philosophy of musical sounds'' - Robert Smith, 1749</ref>
**[[50edo]] (<small>''Henfling 1710''</small>)<ref name="Monzo"> [http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/m/meantone.aspx ''Meantone - Tonalsoft'' - Joseph Monzo, 2005]</ref>*
** [[50edo]] (''Henfling 1710'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
**[[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (<small>''Woolhouse 1835''</small>)<ref>''Essay on musical intervals'' - Wesley S. B. Woolhouse, 1835</ref>
** [[7/26-comma meantone|7/26 comma]] (''Woolhouse 1835'')<ref>''Essay on musical intervals'' - Wesley S. B. Woolhouse, 1835</ref>
**[[Golden meantone|Golden]] (<small>''Kornerup 1930''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
** [[Golden meantone|Golden]] (''Kornerup 1930'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
**'''[[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]]''' (<small>''Aron 1523''</small>)<ref>''Toscanello de la Musica'' - Pietro Aron, 1523</ref>
** [[Quarter-comma meantone|1/4 comma]] (''Aron 1523'')<ref>''Toscanello de la Musica'' - Pietro Aron, 1523</ref>
**[[31edo]] (''<small>Vicentino 1555</small><ref>''L'Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica'' - Nicola Vicentino, 1555</ref><small> (possibly)</small><ref>''Theories of chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late 16th Century Italy - Chromatic systems (or non-systems) from Vicentino to Monteverdi'' - Karol Berger, 1980</ref><small> & Huygens 1691</small>''<ref>''Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique'' - Christiaan Huygens, 1691''</ref>)
** [[31edo]] (''Vicentino 1555<ref>''L'Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica'' - Nicola Vicentino, 1555</ref> (possibly)<ref>''Theories of chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late 16th Century Italy - Chromatic systems (or non-systems) from Vicentino to Monteverdi'' - Karol Berger, 1980</ref> & Huygens 1691''<ref>''Lettre touchant le cycle harmonique'' - Christiaan Huygens, 1691''</ref>)
**[[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (<small>''Rossi 1666''</small><ref>''Sistema musico ouero Musica speculativa'' - Lemme Rossi, 1666</ref><small> & ''Drobisch 1852''</small><ref>''Über musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur'' - Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch, 1852</ref>)
** [[2/9-comma meantone|2/9 comma]] (''Rossi 1666''<ref>''Sistema musico ouero Musica speculativa'' - Lemme Rossi, 1666</ref> & ''Drobisch 1852''<ref>''Über musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur'' - Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch, 1852</ref>)
**[[74edo]] (<small>''Riccati 1762''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
** [[74edo]] (''Riccati 1762'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
**[[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (<small>''Riccati 1762''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
** [[3/14-comma meantone|3/14 comma]] (''Riccati 1762'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
**'''[[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]]''' (<small>''Verheyen c. 1600''</small><ref>Abraham Verheyen's letter to Simon Stevin, c. 1600</ref><small> & ''Sauveur 1701''</small><ref name="Sauveur1">''Archives of the Académie des Sciences, Paris, Procès verbaux, vol. 20'', February through April 1701</ref><ref name="Sauveur2">''Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris, 1701)'', pages 299–366</ref>)
** [[1/5-comma meantone|1/5 comma]] (''Verheyen c. 1600''<ref>Abraham Verheyen's letter to Simon Stevin, c. 1600</ref> & ''Sauveur 1701''<ref name="Sauveur1">''Archives of the Académie des Sciences, Paris, Procès verbaux, vol. 20'', February through April 1701</ref><ref name="Sauveur2">''Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris, 1701)'', pages 299–366</ref>)
**[[43edo]] (<small>''Sauveur 1701''</small>)<ref name="Sauveur1" /><ref name="Sauveur2" />
** [[43edo]] (''Sauveur 1701'')<ref name="Sauveur1" /><ref name="Sauveur2" />
**[[55edo]] (<small>''Beer <1722''</small>)<ref name="Monzo" />*
** [[55edo]] (''Beer <1722'')<ref name="Monzo" />*
**'''[[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]]''' (<small>''Silbermann <1748''</small>)<ref>''Gespräch zwischen einem Musico theoretico und einem Studioso Musices von der Prätorianischen, Printzischen Werkmeisterischen ... Temperatur, wie auch von dem neuen Systemate ... Telemanns zur Beförd. reiner Harmonie.'' - Georg Andreas Sorge, 1748</ref>
** [[1/6-comma meantone|1/6 comma]] (''Silbermann <1748'')<ref>''Gespräch zwischen einem Musico theoretico und einem Studioso Musices von der Prätorianischen, Printzischen Werkmeisterischen ... Temperatur, wie auch von dem neuen Systemate ... Telemanns zur Beförd. reiner Harmonie.'' - Georg Andreas Sorge, 1748</ref>
**[[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (<small>''Marsh 1809''</small>)<ref>''Containing the Perfection of Eighteenth-century Temperament, the Lost Art of Nineteenth-century Temperament, and the Science of Equal Temperament, Complete with Instructions for Aural and Electronic Tuning'' - Owen Jorgensen, 1991</ref>*
** [[4/25-comma meantone|4/25 comma]] (''Marsh 1809'')<ref>''Containing the Perfection of Eighteenth-century Temperament, the Lost Art of Nineteenth-century Temperament, and the Science of Equal Temperament, Complete with Instructions for Aural and Electronic Tuning'' - Owen Jorgensen, 1991</ref>*
**'''[[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]]''' (<small>''Romieu 1758''</small>)<ref>''Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey'' p. 126 - James Murray Barbour, 1953</ref>*
** [[1/7-comma meantone|1/7 comma]] (''Romieu 1758'')<ref>''Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey'' p. 126 - James Murray Barbour, 1953</ref>*
**[[12edo]] (<small>''Chu Tsai-yü 1596''</small>)<ref>''Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory'' - Fritz A. Kuttner, 1975</ref>
** [[12edo]] (''Chu Tsai-yü 1596'')<ref>''Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory'' - Fritz A. Kuttner, 1975</ref>


* [[Well temperament]]
* [[Well temperament]] (sorted by: date described, oldest to youngest)
** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]]<ref>''Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik'' - Johaan Philipp Kirnberger, 1774</ref>
** [[Fogliano]] (<small>1529</small>)<ref>''Accurate meantone tuning based on Fogliano'' - Claudio Di Veroli, 2018 ([https://www.academia.edu/95315365/Accurate_meantone_tuning_based_on_Fogliano_2018 accessible at Academia.edu])</ref>
*** [[Kirnberger I]]
** Werckmeister (<small>1691</small>)<ref>''Musicalische Temperatur'' - Andreas Werckmeister, 1691</ref>
*** [[Kirnberger II]]
*** [[Kirnberger III]]
** Neidhart<ref>''Sectio canonis harmonici'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1724</ref><ref>''Gäntzlich erschöpfte, mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1732 ([https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10527538?q=%28G%C3%A4ntzlich+ersch%C3%B6pfte,+Mathematische+Abtheilungen+des+Diatonisch-Chromatischen,+temperirten+Canonis+Monochordi%29&page=5 digitized copy])</ref>
*** [[Hof 1732]] (''court'')
*** [[Grosse stadt 1732]] (''large town'')
*** [[Kleine stadt 1732]] (''small town'')
*** [[Dorf 1732]] (''village'')
** [[Temperament ordinaire]]
*** D'Alembert/Rousseau 1752/67<ref>''Élémens de musique, theorique et pratique, suivant les principes de Monsieur Rameau'' - Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, 1752</ref><ref>''Dictionnaire de Musique'' - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1767</ref>
** [[Vallotti]]<ref>''Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica'' - Francesco Vallotti, written 1728, published 1779</ref>
** Werckmeister<ref>''Musicalische Temperatur'' - Andreas Werckmeister, 1691</ref>
*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]
*** [[Werck3|Werckmeister III]]
*** [[Werckmeister IV]]
*** [[Werckmeister IV]]
*** [[Werckmeister V]]
*** [[Werckmeister V]]
*** [[Septenarius]] (Werckmeister VI)
*** [[Septenarius]] (Werckmeister VI)
** Young <ref>''Philosophical Transactions'' pages 143-147 - Royal Society of London, 1800</ref>
** [[Vallotti]] (<small>1728</small>)<ref>''Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica'' - Francesco Vallotti, written 1728, published 1779</ref>
*** [[Young I]]
** Neidhart (<small>1732</small>)<ref>''Sectio canonis harmonici'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1724</ref><ref>''Gäntzlich erschöpfte, mathematische Abtheilungen des diatonisch-chromatischen, temperirten Canonis Monochordi'' - Johann Georg Neidhardt, 1732 ([https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10527538?q=%28G%C3%A4ntzlich+ersch%C3%B6pfte,+Mathematische+Abtheilungen+des+Diatonisch-Chromatischen,+temperirten+Canonis+Monochordi%29&page=5 digitized copy])</ref>
*** Young II (''see [[Vallotti]]'')
*** [[Hof 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Court''</small>)
*** [[Grosse stadt 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Large town''</small>)
*** [[Kleine stadt 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Small town''</small>)
*** [[Dorf 1732]] (<small>Name translates to ''Village''</small>)
** [[Temperament ordinaire]]
*** D'Alembert (<small>1752</small>)<ref>''Élémens de musique, theorique et pratique, suivant les principes de Monsieur Rameau'' - Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, 1752</ref>
*** Rousseau (<small>1767</small>)<ref>''Dictionnaire de Musique'' - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1767</ref>
** [[Johann Kirnberger|Kirnberger]] (<small>1774</small>)<ref>''Die Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik'' - Johaan Philipp Kirnberger, 1774</ref>
*** [[Kirnberger I]]
*** [[Kirnberger II]]
*** [[Kirnberger III]]
** Young<ref>''Philosophical Transactions'' pages 143-147 - Royal Society of London, 1800</ref>
*** [[Young I]] (<small>1800</small>)
*** Young II (<small>''same as [[Vallotti]] 1728''</small>)


== See also ==
== See also ==
* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' - a historical (1558) composition for 19edo, important to the history of tuning
* ''[[Seigneur Dieu ta pitié]]'' - a historical (1558) composition for 19edo, important to the history of tuning
* Ancient Greek musical tradition
* [[Ancient Greek]] musical tradition
** [[Teleic scales]]
** [[Tetrachord]]s
** [[Tetrachord]]s
* [[Kellner well temperament]] - Dr [[Herbert Anton Kellner]]'s approximation of Bach's well temperament, from his book ''Wie stimme ich selbst mein Cembalo'' (1975).
* [[Kellner well temperament]] - Dr [[Herbert Anton Kellner]]'s approximation of Bach's well temperament, from his book ''Wie stimme ich selbst mein Cembalo'' (1975).
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** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]
** Just: [[Secor5_23TX]]
* [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American musical traditions]]
* [[Pre-Columbian South American Music|Pre-Columbian South American musical traditions]]
* [[Ibo Ortgies]] - musicologist and historian focusing on historical temperaments


== External resources ==
== External resources ==
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* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/w/page/16830827/Tuning Harpsichords Wiki - Tuning]
* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/w/page/16830827/Tuning Harpsichords Wiki - Tuning]
* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/f/Neidhardt_1732_Charts.pdf Neidhardt’s 21 temperaments of 1732]
* [http://harpsichords.pbworks.com/f/Neidhardt_1732_Charts.pdf Neidhardt’s 21 temperaments of 1732]
* [http://harpsichords.pbwiki.com/f/Neidhardt_1732_Charts.pdf Neidhardt’s 21 temperaments of 1732] (alternate link in case the first one returns an error)
* [https://www.rollingball.com/images/HT.pdf rollingball.com Historical Temperaments Visualised (PDF version)]
* [https://www.rollingball.com/images/HT.pdf rollingball.com Historical Temperaments Visualised (PDF version)]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
<nowiki>*historical source needed</nowiki>
<nowiki>*historical source needed</nowiki>{{todo|research|expand}}
 
<references />


[[Category:Lists of temperaments]]
[[Category:Lists of temperaments]]
[[Category:Historical]]
[[Category:Historical]]
[[Category:Todo:expand]]
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Historical_temperaments"