Trumpet: Difference between revisions
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== Intonation == | == Intonation == | ||
This section is largely taken from the article [http://www.tonalsoft.com/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.aspx Intonation of the valve trumpet] by Joseph Monzo. | This section is largely taken from the article [http://www.tonalsoft.com/monzo/trumpet/trumpet-intonation.aspx Intonation of the valve trumpet] by [[Joseph Monzo]]. | ||
As noted in the opening section, trumpets are justly tuned. A trumpet is based on the [[harmonic series]], and each valve of the trumpet lowers the pitch. Later in this article, in the retuning section, valves are described to lower the pitch of the instrument in clean cent values (i.e. 100c, 200c, 300c). This works for a general basis of understanding retuning; however, valve tubing lengths are also tuned on a just intonation basis. In general, the first valve tubing is 1/8th the length of the main slide, the second 1/15th, the third 1/5th. | As noted in the opening section, trumpets are justly tuned. A trumpet is based on the [[harmonic series]], and each valve of the trumpet lowers the pitch. Later in this article, in the retuning section, valves are described to lower the pitch of the instrument in clean cent values (i.e. 100c, 200c, 300c). This works for a general basis of understanding retuning; however, valve tubing lengths are also tuned on a just intonation basis. In general, the first valve tubing is 1/8th the length of the main slide, the second 1/15th, the third 1/5th. | ||
From the article: | From the article: | ||
<blockquote sign="Joseph Monzo"> | <blockquote sign="Joseph Monzo"> | ||
the 1st valve lowers the pitch by a 9:8 ratio (-~204 cents = "2 semitones"), | the 1st valve lowers the pitch by a 9:8 ratio (-~204 cents = "2 semitones"), | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
the 3rd by a 6:5 (-~316 cents = "3 semitones"). | the 3rd by a 6:5 (-~316 cents = "3 semitones"). | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Monzo continues, explaining that combining valves will change these ratios to more complex values. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | Monzo continues, explaining that combining valves will change these ratios to more complex values. In summary, the combinations themselves: | ||
{| class="wikitable center-all" | |||
|+Intonation of trumpet valve combinations | |+Intonation of trumpet valve combinations | ||
!Valves | ! Valves | ||
!Ratio | ! Ratio | ||
!Cents | ! Cents | ||
|- | |- | ||
|12 | | 12 | ||
|143 | | 120/143 | ||
| -304 | | -304 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|23 | | 23 | ||
|19 | | 15/19 | ||
| -409 | | -409 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|13 | |13 | ||
|53 | | 40/53 | ||
| -487 | | -487 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|123 | | 123 | ||
|167 | | 120/167 | ||
| -572 | | -572 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Observe that as valve combinations grow, the pitch sharpens from its target more and more (i.e. the valve combination 123 should target -600c but ends up 28 cents sharp). This is why, for large combinations like 13 and 123, it's advised in 12edo tuning to kick your third valve slide to accommodate this sharpening effect. | Observe that as valve combinations grow, the pitch sharpens from its target more and more (i.e. the valve combination 123 should target -600c but ends up 28 cents sharp). This is why, for large combinations like 13 and 123, it's advised in 12edo tuning to kick your third valve slide to accommodate this sharpening effect. | ||
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=== Quartertones === | === Quartertones === | ||
==== Alternative fingerings ==== | ==== Alternative fingerings ==== | ||
Quartertones for most notes can be approximated well with alternative fingerings and the use of the third valve slide. | Quartertones for most notes can be approximated well with alternative fingerings and the use of the third valve slide. | ||
Refer to the fingering chart (starting at middle G and ascending): | Refer to the fingering chart (starting at middle G and ascending): | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable center-all" | ||
|+Fingerings for quartertones on a standard trumpet | |+Fingerings for quartertones on a standard trumpet | ||
! Note | ! Note | ||