User:Aura/Aura's Ideas on Functional Harmony (Part 1): Difference between revisions
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=== Basic Diatonic Functions === | === Basic Diatonic Functions === | ||
The three basic functions have their roots in [[LCJI]], and are labeled as follows: | The three basic functions have their roots in [[LCJI]], and each has an uncanny valley of sorts around it that extends to around at least 15 cents out from it. The functions themselves are labeled as follows: | ||
'''Tonic''' - This is the note that serves as the tonal center, and thus, the main resolution tone, and is the note for which scales are named (e.g. the key of C major is so-named because in this scale, C serves as the Tonic). This functionality has its roots in the fundamental at the root of both the harmonic and subharmonic series, which for all intents and purposes, can be thought of as [[1/1]], and, in [[octave equivalence|octave equivalent]] systems, [[2/1]]. Beyond being simply one of the primary three functions in German Theory, it is the only function that is known to be universal when it comes to tonal music, with the various other functions being collectively defined as ''nontonic'', thus, it shouldn't come as a great surprise that the Tonic exerts a very powerful influence on the context of functional harmony regardless of the nature of the tonal music system in question, even helping to define aspects of the other primary functions on the chord level as opposed to the root level. In the realm of microtonality, the Tonic is not an interval that admits a lot of competition outside of modulation, and thus, deviations from a perfect 1/1 of up to 3.5 [[cent]]s away from the Tonic are considered here to be found in the Tonic's "event horizon", in which they are either absorbed into the bandwidth of the Tonic itself, altered through [[fudging]], or simply [[Tempering_out|tempered out]]. | '''Tonic''' - This is the note that serves as the tonal center, and thus, the main resolution tone, and is the note for which scales are named (e.g. the key of C major is so-named because in this scale, C serves as the Tonic). This functionality has its roots in the fundamental at the root of both the harmonic and subharmonic series, which for all intents and purposes, can be thought of as [[1/1]], and, in [[octave equivalence|octave equivalent]] systems, [[2/1]]. Beyond being simply one of the primary three functions in German Theory, it is the only function that is known to be universal when it comes to tonal music, with the various other functions being collectively defined as ''nontonic'', thus, it shouldn't come as a great surprise that the Tonic exerts a very powerful influence on the context of functional harmony regardless of the nature of the tonal music system in question, even helping to define aspects of the other primary functions on the chord level as opposed to the root level. In the realm of microtonality, the Tonic is not an interval that admits a lot of competition outside of modulation, and thus, deviations from a perfect 1/1 of up to 3.5 [[cent]]s away from the Tonic are considered here to be found in the Tonic's "event horizon", in which they are either absorbed into the bandwidth of the Tonic itself, altered through [[fudging]], or simply [[Tempering_out|tempered out]]. Furthermore, the uncanny valley around the Tonic is noticeably larger that those around the other two functions at about 20 cents- the syntonic comma being only just slightly outside this range. | ||
'''Dominant''' - As per the name, and as noted on the [[Wikipedia:Dominant (music)|Wikipedia article]], the Dominant is the second most important after the Tonic, though in contrast to what is stated about the Dominant in the article, there are several caveats which must be addressed in the realm of microtonality. Firstly, one must take stock of the fact that, aside from the Unison and Octave, each octave-reduced harmonic and corresponding subharmonic interval come together to generate their own axis which has a preferred direction of travel<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBdWxSxxe1M Quartertone Harmony - Beyond the Circle of Fifths SD 480p]</ref> which is determined by a Tonality's direction of construction. Secondly, one must take stock of the fact that when you take the notes that occur before the Tonic on each of these axes when moving in the preferred direction of travel and place them in a sequence, one finds that a clear hierarchy of functional strength based on the closeness of harmonic and subharmonic connection to the Tonic becomes apparent, with the [[3/2]] Perfect 5th away from the Tonic in the direction of tonality construction naturally emerging as the note with the strongest connection to the Tonic, though it should be noted that the relationships in this hierarchy are quite sensitive to detuning. Thus, the term "Dominant"- in its most basic form as referred to in this article, and specifically at the root level- is restricted to where it only refers to such notes that occur roughly at a 3/2 interval away from the Tonic in the scale's direction of construction, with acceptable detuning levels being at around 3.5 cents from JI on either side. With all that said, it should be noted that the level of importance typically associated with the Dominant goes instead to a different note instead of a 3/2 Perfect 5th in scales where the 5th scale degree is too far away from 3/2, and that there are a variety of other interval constructions which have the tendency to create tension which requires the Tonic to resolve- these surrogate Dominants are called "'''Paradominants'''". Accordingly, the intervals between [[187/128]] and [[32/21]] shall be divided into two classes depending on which side of the 3/2 Perfect Fifth they fall on and discussed in another section. However, aside from [[40/27]], none of these other intervals occur in diatonic scales. On the chord level, not only is the root level definition of the Dominant function at play, but it should also be noted that no Dominant or Paradominant sees the Tonic occurring in the proximal structure of its chord. | '''Dominant''' - As per the name, and as noted on the [[Wikipedia:Dominant (music)|Wikipedia article]], the Dominant is the second most important after the Tonic, though in contrast to what is stated about the Dominant in the article, there are several caveats which must be addressed in the realm of microtonality. Firstly, one must take stock of the fact that, aside from the Unison and Octave, each octave-reduced harmonic and corresponding subharmonic interval come together to generate their own axis which has a preferred direction of travel<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBdWxSxxe1M Quartertone Harmony - Beyond the Circle of Fifths SD 480p]</ref> which is determined by a Tonality's direction of construction. Secondly, one must take stock of the fact that when you take the notes that occur before the Tonic on each of these axes when moving in the preferred direction of travel and place them in a sequence, one finds that a clear hierarchy of functional strength based on the closeness of harmonic and subharmonic connection to the Tonic becomes apparent, with the [[3/2]] Perfect 5th away from the Tonic in the direction of tonality construction naturally emerging as the note with the strongest connection to the Tonic, though it should be noted that the relationships in this hierarchy are quite sensitive to detuning. Thus, the term "Dominant"- in its most basic form as referred to in this article, and specifically at the root level- is restricted to where it only refers to such notes that occur roughly at a 3/2 interval away from the Tonic in the scale's direction of construction, with acceptable detuning levels being at around 3.5 cents from JI on either side. With all that said, it should be noted that the level of importance typically associated with the Dominant goes instead to a different note instead of a 3/2 Perfect 5th in scales where the 5th scale degree is too far away from 3/2, and that there are a variety of other interval constructions which have the tendency to create tension which requires the Tonic to resolve- these surrogate Dominants are called "'''Paradominants'''". Accordingly, the intervals between [[187/128]] and [[32/21]] shall be divided into two classes depending on which side of the 3/2 Perfect Fifth they fall on and discussed in another section. However, aside from [[40/27]], none of these other intervals occur in diatonic scales. On the chord level, not only is the root level definition of the Dominant function at play, but it should also be noted that no Dominant or Paradominant sees the Tonic occurring in the proximal structure of its chord. | ||
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*If the Antitonic is between 7/5 and 600 cents away from the Tonic and functions as an augmented fourth, it tends to cause the Dominant to become a new Tonic unless followed up by a different note- one that is usually a Major 7th away from the Tonic. Because of this tendency to "kiss up to" and tonicize the Dominant, this type of Antitonic can be dubbed a "'''Sycophant'''", with the prototypical Sycophant being 45/32. | *If the Antitonic is between 7/5 and 600 cents away from the Tonic and functions as an augmented fourth, it tends to cause the Dominant to become a new Tonic unless followed up by a different note- one that is usually a Major 7th away from the Tonic. Because of this tendency to "kiss up to" and tonicize the Dominant, this type of Antitonic can be dubbed a "'''Sycophant'''", with the prototypical Sycophant being 45/32. | ||
*Conversely, if the Antitonic is between 600 cents and 10/7 away from the Tonic and functions as a diminished fifth, it tends to contrast with the Tonic in a manner somewhat akin to that of a Dominant, but by sheer brute force and contrary harmonic nature- e.g. if the Tonic harmony is Minor in nature, the Antitonic harmony will be Major- or more rarely, Supermajor- in nature. Furthermore, in scales such as the Locrian scale, any type of Serviant harmony tends to resolve towards either this type of Antitonic, or some other type of substitute for a Dominant. Because of these Dominant-esque tendencies, this type of Antitonic can be dubbed a "'''Tyrant'''", with the prototypical Tyrant being 64/45. | *Conversely, if the Antitonic is between 600 cents and 10/7 away from the Tonic and functions as a diminished fifth, it tends to contrast with the Tonic in a manner somewhat akin to that of a Dominant, but by sheer brute force and contrary harmonic nature- e.g. if the Tonic harmony is Minor in nature, the Antitonic harmony will be Major- or more rarely, Supermajor- in nature. Furthermore, in scales such as the Locrian scale, any type of Serviant harmony tends to resolve towards either this type of Antitonic, or some other type of substitute for a Dominant. Because of these Dominant-esque tendencies, this type of Antitonic can be dubbed a "'''Tyrant'''", with the prototypical Tyrant being 64/45. | ||
*If the Antitonic is between 7/5 and 600 cents away from the Tonic and functions as a diminished fifth, it demonstrates a mixture of both Sycophant-like and Tyrant-like properties, but because it is found just below the range of a typical Tyrant in Bass-Up Tonality, it is called a '''Gravotyrant''' in this kind of tonal | *If the Antitonic is between 7/5 and 600 cents away from the Tonic and functions as a diminished fifth, it demonstrates a mixture of both Sycophant-like and Tyrant-like properties, but because it is found just below the range of a typical Tyrant in Bass-Up Tonality, it is called a '''Gravotyrant''' in this kind of tonal system. A classic example of such an interval is 1024/729. | ||
*If the Antitonic is between 600 cents and 10/7 away from the Tonic and functions as an augmented fourth, it demonstrates a mixture of both Sycophant-like and Tyrant-like properties, but because it is found just above the range of a typical Sycophant in Bass-Up Tonality, it is called an '''Acuosycophant''' in this kind of tonal | *If the Antitonic is between 600 cents and 10/7 away from the Tonic and functions as an augmented fourth, it demonstrates a mixture of both Sycophant-like and Tyrant-like properties, but because it is found just above the range of a typical Sycophant in Bass-Up Tonality, it is called an '''Acuosycophant''' in this kind of tonal system. A classic example of such an interval is 729/512. | ||
== Paradiatonic and Parachromatic Functions == | == Paradiatonic and Parachromatic Functions == | ||