19edo: Difference between revisions

Wikispaces>genewardsmith
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<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
<h2>IMPORTED REVISION FROM WIKISPACES</h2>
This is an imported revision from Wikispaces. The revision metadata is included below for reference:<br>
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: This revision was by author [[User:genewardsmith|genewardsmith]] and made on <tt>2011-03-30 17:32:52 UTC</tt>.<br>
: This revision was by author [[User:xenwolf|xenwolf]] and made on <tt>2011-03-31 03:59:13 UTC</tt>.<br>
: The original revision id was <tt>215613140</tt>.<br>
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=Theory=  
=Theory=  


In music, **19 equal temperament**, called 19-TET, 19-[[EDO]], or 19-ET, is the scale derived by dividing the octave into 19 [[equal]]ly large steps. Each step represents a frequency ratio of the 19th root of 2, or 63.16 cents.
In music, **19 equal temperament**, called 19-TET, 19-[[EDO]], or 19-ET, is the scale derived by dividing the [[octave]] into 19 [[equal]]ly large steps. Each step represents a frequency ratio of the 19th root of 2, or 63.16 [[cent]]s.


Interest in this tuning system goes back to the sixteenth century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson //Seigneur Dieu ta pitié// of 1558. Costeley understood and desired the circulating aspect of this tuning; in 1577 music theorist Francisco de Salinas in effect proposed it. Salinas discussed 1/3-comma meantone, in which the fifth is of size 694.786 cents; the fifth of 19-et is 694.737, which is only a twentieth of a cent flatter. Salinas suggested tuning nineteen tones to the octave to this tuning, which fails to close by less than a cent, so that his suggestion is effectively 19-et. In the nineteenth century mathematician and music theorist Wesley Woolhouse proposed it as a more practical alternative to meantone tunings he regarded as better, such as [[50edo|50 equal temperament]] ([[http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/woolhouse/essay.htm|summary of Woolhouse's essay]]).
Interest in this tuning system goes back to the sixteenth century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson //Seigneur Dieu ta pitié// of 1558. Costeley understood and desired the circulating aspect of this tuning; in 1577 music theorist Francisco de Salinas in effect proposed it. Salinas discussed 1/3-comma meantone, in which the fifth is of size 694.786 cents; the fifth of 19-et is 694.737, which is only a twentieth of a cent flatter. Salinas suggested tuning nineteen tones to the octave to this tuning, which fails to close by less than a cent, so that his suggestion is effectively 19-et. In the nineteenth century mathematician and music theorist Wesley Woolhouse proposed it as a more practical alternative to meantone tunings he regarded as better, such as [[50edo|50 equal temperament]] ([[http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/woolhouse/essay.htm|summary of Woolhouse's essay]]).
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&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h1 id="toc0"&gt;&lt;a name="Theory"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 --&gt;Theory&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:0:&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h1 id="toc0"&gt;&lt;a name="Theory"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:0 --&gt;Theory&lt;/h1&gt;
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In music, &lt;strong&gt;19 equal temperament&lt;/strong&gt;, called 19-TET, 19-&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/EDO"&gt;EDO&lt;/a&gt;, or 19-ET, is the scale derived by dividing the octave into 19 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/equal"&gt;equal&lt;/a&gt;ly large steps. Each step represents a frequency ratio of the 19th root of 2, or 63.16 cents.&lt;br /&gt;
In music, &lt;strong&gt;19 equal temperament&lt;/strong&gt;, called 19-TET, 19-&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/EDO"&gt;EDO&lt;/a&gt;, or 19-ET, is the scale derived by dividing the &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/octave"&gt;octave&lt;/a&gt; into 19 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/equal"&gt;equal&lt;/a&gt;ly large steps. Each step represents a frequency ratio of the 19th root of 2, or 63.16 &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/cent"&gt;cent&lt;/a&gt;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interest in this tuning system goes back to the sixteenth century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson &lt;em&gt;Seigneur Dieu ta pitié&lt;/em&gt; of 1558. Costeley understood and desired the circulating aspect of this tuning; in 1577 music theorist Francisco de Salinas in effect proposed it. Salinas discussed 1/3-comma meantone, in which the fifth is of size 694.786 cents; the fifth of 19-et is 694.737, which is only a twentieth of a cent flatter. Salinas suggested tuning nineteen tones to the octave to this tuning, which fails to close by less than a cent, so that his suggestion is effectively 19-et. In the nineteenth century mathematician and music theorist Wesley Woolhouse proposed it as a more practical alternative to meantone tunings he regarded as better, such as &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/50edo"&gt;50 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/woolhouse/essay.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;summary of Woolhouse's essay&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
Interest in this tuning system goes back to the sixteenth century, when composer Guillaume Costeley used it in his chanson &lt;em&gt;Seigneur Dieu ta pitié&lt;/em&gt; of 1558. Costeley understood and desired the circulating aspect of this tuning; in 1577 music theorist Francisco de Salinas in effect proposed it. Salinas discussed 1/3-comma meantone, in which the fifth is of size 694.786 cents; the fifth of 19-et is 694.737, which is only a twentieth of a cent flatter. Salinas suggested tuning nineteen tones to the octave to this tuning, which fails to close by less than a cent, so that his suggestion is effectively 19-et. In the nineteenth century mathematician and music theorist Wesley Woolhouse proposed it as a more practical alternative to meantone tunings he regarded as better, such as &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/50edo"&gt;50 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://sonic-arts.org/monzo/woolhouse/essay.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;summary of Woolhouse's essay&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
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For both of these there are more optimal tunings, however. The generating interval for meantone is a fifth, and the fifth of 19-et is flatter than the usual for meantone; a more accurate approximation is &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/31edo"&gt;31 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt;. Similarly, the generating interval of magic temperament is a major third, and again 19-et's is flatter; &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo"&gt;41 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt; more closely matches it.&lt;br /&gt;
For both of these there are more optimal tunings, however. The generating interval for meantone is a fifth, and the fifth of 19-et is flatter than the usual for meantone; a more accurate approximation is &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/31edo"&gt;31 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt;. Similarly, the generating interval of magic temperament is a major third, and again 19-et's is flatter; &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/41edo"&gt;41 equal temperament&lt;/a&gt; more closely matches it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, for all of these 19-et has the practical advantage of requiring fewer pitches, which makes physical realizations of it easier to build. (Many 19-et instruments have been built.) 19-et is in fact the second equal temperament, after 12-et which is able to deal with &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Harmonic%20Limit"&gt;5-limit&lt;/a&gt; music in a tolerable manner, and is the fifth (after 12) Zeta function integral tuning, &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:310:http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538 --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:310 --&gt;. It is less successful with 7-limit (but still better than 12-et), as it eliminates the distinction between a septimal minor third (7/6), and a septimal whole tone (8/7).&lt;br /&gt;
However, for all of these 19-et has the practical advantage of requiring fewer pitches, which makes physical realizations of it easier to build. (Many 19-et instruments have been built.) 19-et is in fact the second equal temperament, after 12-et which is able to deal with &lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Harmonic%20Limit"&gt;5-limit&lt;/a&gt; music in a tolerable manner, and is the fifth (after 12) Zeta function integral tuning, &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:312:http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538 --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A117538&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:312 --&gt;. It is less successful with 7-limit (but still better than 12-et), as it eliminates the distinction between a septimal minor third (7/6), and a septimal whole tone (8/7).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h2 id="toc2"&gt;&lt;a name="Theory-Intervals"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 --&gt;Intervals&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextHeadingRule:4:&amp;lt;h2&amp;gt; --&gt;&lt;h2 id="toc2"&gt;&lt;a name="Theory-Intervals"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextHeadingRule:4 --&gt;Intervals&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://gewi.uni-graz.at/%7Ecim04/CIM04_paper_pdf/Bucht_Huovinen_CIM04_proceedings.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Bucht, Saku and Huovinen, Erkki, //Perceived consonance of harmonic intervals in 19-tone equal temperament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://gewi.uni-graz.at/%7Ecim04/CIM04_paper_pdf/Bucht_Huovinen_CIM04_proceedings.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Bucht, Saku and Huovinen, Erkki, //Perceived consonance of harmonic intervals in 19-tone equal temperament&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Ivor%20Darreg"&gt;Ivor Darreg&lt;/a&gt;. A Case For Nineteen. URL:&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:311:http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:311 --&gt;. Accessed: 2011-03-30. (Archived by WebCite® at &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:312:http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:312 --&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link" href="/Ivor%20Darreg"&gt;Ivor Darreg&lt;/a&gt;. A Case For Nineteen. URL:&lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:313:http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://sonic-arts.org/darreg/case.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:313 --&gt;. Accessed: 2011-03-30. (Archived by WebCite® at &lt;!-- ws:start:WikiTextUrlRule:314:http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF --&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.webcitation.org/5xZzBtDGF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!-- ws:end:WikiTextUrlRule:314 --&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://qcpages.qc.edu/%7Ehowe/articles/19-Tone%20Theory.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Howe, Hubert S. Jr., //9-Tone Theory and Applications//&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://qcpages.qc.edu/%7Ehowe/articles/19-Tone%20Theory.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Howe, Hubert S. Jr., //9-Tone Theory and Applications//&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://eceserv0.ece.wisc.edu/%7Esethares/tet19/guitarchords19.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Sethares, William A., //Tunings for 19 Tone Equal Tempered Guitar//&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="wiki_link_ext" href="http://eceserv0.ece.wisc.edu/%7Esethares/tet19/guitarchords19.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Sethares, William A., //Tunings for 19 Tone Equal Tempered Guitar//&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;