39edo: Difference between revisions
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=<span style="color: #9900ab; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 113%;">39 tone equal temperament</span>= | =<span style="color: #9900ab; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 113%;">39 tone equal temperament</span>= | ||
'''39-EDO, 39-ED2''' or '''39-tET''' divides the Octave (Ditave 2/1) in 39 equal parts of 30.76923 Cents each one. If we take 22\39 as a fifth, can be used in Mavila Temperament, and from that point of view seems to have attracted the attention of the Armodue school, an Italian group that use the scheme of [[ | '''39-EDO, 39-ED2''' or '''39-tET''' divides the Octave (Ditave 2/1) in 39 equal parts of 30.76923 Cents each one. If we take 22\39 as a fifth, can be used in Mavila Temperament, and from that point of view seems to have attracted the attention of the Armodue school, an Italian group that use the scheme of [[7L 2s|Superdiatonic]] LLLsLLLLs like a basical scale for notation and theory, suited in [[16edo|16-ED2]], and allied systems: [[25edo|25-ED2]] [1/3-tone 3;2]; [[41edo|41-ED2]] [1/5-tone 5;3]; and [[57edo|57]] ED2 [1/7-tone 7;4]. '''Hornbostel Temperaments''' is included too with: [[23edo|23-ED2]] [1/3-tone 3;1]; 39-ED2 [1/5-tone 5;2] & [[62edo|62-ED2]] [1/8-tone 8;3]. [[223edo|223-ED2]], the best accuracy for Hornbostel temperament fits very good with Armodue like 1/29-tone 29;10 version. Note that [[101edo|101]], [[131edo|131]], [[177edo|177]] & [[200edo|200]] ED2s are tempered systems that [http://www.h-pi.com/eop-ogolevets.html Alexei Ogolevets] (Ukraine, 1891 - 1967) was proposing in his List of Temperaments, in which the Armodue system fits very well in all these. | ||
However, its 23\39 fifth, 5.737 Cents sharp, is in much better tune than the Mavila fifth which like all Mavila fifths is very, very flat, in this case, 25 Cents flat. Together with its best third which is the familiar 400 cents of 12 equal, we get a system which tempers out the diesis, 128/125, and the amity comma, 1600000/1594323. We have two choices for a map for 7, but the sharp one works better with the 3 and 5, which adds 64/63 and 126/125 to the list. Tempering out both 128/125 and 64/63 makes 39EDO, in some few ways, allied to 12-ET in supporting augene temperament, and is in fact, an excellent choice for an augene tuning, but one difference is that 39 has a fine 11, and adding it to consideration we find that 39-EDO tempers out 99/98 and 121/120 also. This better choice for 39et is <39 62 91 110 135|. | However, its 23\39 fifth, 5.737 Cents sharp, is in much better tune than the Mavila fifth which like all Mavila fifths is very, very flat, in this case, 25 Cents flat. Together with its best third which is the familiar 400 cents of 12 equal, we get a system which tempers out the diesis, 128/125, and the amity comma, 1600000/1594323. We have two choices for a map for 7, but the sharp one works better with the 3 and 5, which adds 64/63 and 126/125 to the list. Tempering out both 128/125 and 64/63 makes 39EDO, in some few ways, allied to 12-ET in supporting augene temperament, and is in fact, an excellent choice for an augene tuning, but one difference is that 39 has a fine 11, and adding it to consideration we find that 39-EDO tempers out 99/98 and 121/120 also. This better choice for 39et is <39 62 91 110 135|. | ||
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As a superpyth system, 39edo is intermediate between 17edo and 22edo (39 being 17+22). While 17edo is superb for melody (as documented by George Secor), it doesn't approximate the 5th harmonic at all and only poorly approximates the 7th. 22edo is much better for 5-limit and 7-limit harmony but is less effective for melody because the "diatonic semitone" is quarter-tone-sized, which results in a very strange-sounding diatonic scale. 39edo offers a compromise, since it still supports good 5- and 7-limit harmonies (though less close than 22edo), while at the same time having a diatonic semitone of 61.5 cents (the ideal diatonic semitone for melody being somewhere in between 60 and 80 cents, by Secor's estimates). | As a superpyth system, 39edo is intermediate between 17edo and 22edo (39 being 17+22). While 17edo is superb for melody (as documented by George Secor), it doesn't approximate the 5th harmonic at all and only poorly approximates the 7th. 22edo is much better for 5-limit and 7-limit harmony but is less effective for melody because the "diatonic semitone" is quarter-tone-sized, which results in a very strange-sounding diatonic scale. 39edo offers a compromise, since it still supports good 5- and 7-limit harmonies (though less close than 22edo), while at the same time having a diatonic semitone of 61.5 cents (the ideal diatonic semitone for melody being somewhere in between 60 and 80 cents, by Secor's estimates). | ||
39edo offers not one, but many, possible ways of extending tonality beyond the diatonic scale, even if it doesn't do as good of a job at approximating JI as some other systems do. Because it can also approximate mavila as well as "anti-mavila" (oneirotonic), the latter of which it inherits from [[ | 39edo offers not one, but many, possible ways of extending tonality beyond the diatonic scale, even if it doesn't do as good of a job at approximating JI as some other systems do. Because it can also approximate mavila as well as "anti-mavila" (oneirotonic), the latter of which it inherits from [[13edo]], this makes 39edo an extremely versatile temperament usable in a wide range of situations (both harmonic and inharmonic). | ||
==<u>'''39-EDO Intervals'''</u>== | ==<u>'''39-EDO Intervals'''</u>== | ||
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! | '''Cents size''' | ! | '''Cents size''' | ||
! | '''Armodue note''' | ! | '''Armodue note''' | ||
! colspan="3" | [[ | ! colspan="3" | [[Ups and Downs Notation|ups and]][[Ups and Downs Notation|downs]] | ||
[[ | [[Ups and Downs Notation|notation]] | ||
! | '''[[ | ! | '''[[Nearest just interval|Nearest Just]]''' | ||
'''[[ | '''[[Nearest just interval|I]]nterval''' | ||
! | '''Cents value''' | ! | '''Cents value''' | ||
! | '''Error''' | ! | '''Error''' | ||
! | 11-limit Ratio Assuming | ! | 11-limit Ratio Assuming | ||
<39 62 91 110 135| [[ | <39 62 91 110 135| [[Val]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | 0 | | | 0 | ||
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| | | | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Chords can be named using ups and downs as C upminor, D downmajor seven, etc. See [[ | Chords can be named using ups and downs as C upminor, D downmajor seven, etc. See [[Ups and Downs Notation#Chord names in other EDOs|Ups and Downs Notation - Chord names in other EDOs]]. | ||
==<u>Instruments (prototypes):</u>== | ==<u>Instruments (prototypes):</u>== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== | ==<u>39 tone equal [[modes]]</u>== | ||
14 14 11 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 14 14 11 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[2L 1s]] | ||
11 11 11 6 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 11 11 11 6 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 1s]] | ||
10 10 10 9 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 10 10 10 9 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 1s]] | ||
11 3 11 11 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 11 3 11 11 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 2s|3L 2s (Father pentatonic)]] | ||
5 12 5 5 12 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 2L 3s (Mavila pentatonic) | 5 12 5 5 12 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 2L 3s (Mavila pentatonic) | ||
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7 7 9 7 9 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 2L 3s (Superpythagorean pentatonic) | 7 7 9 7 9 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 2L 3s (Superpythagorean pentatonic) | ||
8 8 8 8 7 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 8 8 8 8 7 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[4L 1s|4L 1s (Bug pentatonic)]] | ||
10 3 10 3 10 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 10 3 10 3 10 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 3s|3L 3s (Augmented hexatonic)]] | ||
9 4 9 4 9 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 9 4 9 4 9 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 3s|3L 3s (Augmented hexatonic)]] | ||
8 5 8 5 8 5 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 8 5 8 5 8 5 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 3s|3L 3s (Augmented hexatonic)]] | ||
7 7 7 7 7 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 7 7 7 7 7 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[5L 1s|5L 1s (Grumpy hexatonic)]] | ||
5 5 7 5 5 5 7 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 5 5 7 5 5 5 7 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[2L 5s|2L 5s (heptatonic Mavila Anti-Diatonic)]] | ||
7 7 7 2 7 7 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 5L 2s (heptatonic Superpythagorean diatonic) | 7 7 7 2 7 7 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 5L 2s (heptatonic Superpythagorean diatonic) | ||
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[7L 1s|7L 1s (Grumpy octatonic)]] | ||
'''5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 2''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 2''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[7L 2s|7L 2s (nonatonic Mavila Superdiatonic)]] | ||
5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[6L 3s|6L 3s (unfair Augmented nonatonic)]] | ||
5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 6s|3L 6s (fair Augmented nonatonic)]] | ||
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[9L 1s|9L 1s (Grumpy decatonic)]] | ||
'''3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 8s|3L 8s (Anti-Sensi hendecatonic)]] | ||
2 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 2 5 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 5L 7s | 2 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 2 5 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 5L 7s | ||
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'''3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 -''' [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 3L 9s | '''3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 -''' [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type 3L 9s | ||
'''3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[11L 3s|11L 3s (Ketradektriatoh tetradecatonic)]] | ||
3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[9L 6s]] | ||
3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[7L 9s]] | ||
'''2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[5L 12s]] | ||
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[3L 15s]] | ||
'''3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3''' - <span style="cursor: pointer;">[[MOSScales|MOS]]</span> of type [[ | '''3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3''' - <span style="cursor: pointer;">[[MOSScales|MOS]]</span> of type [[10L 9s]] | ||
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[19L 1s]] | ||
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[17L 5s]] | ||
'''2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[16L 7s]] | ||
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[13L 13s]] | ||
'''2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | '''2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1''' - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[10L 19s]] | ||
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[ | 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 - [[MOSScales|MOS]] of type [[8L 23s]] | ||
== | ==<u>39edo and world music:</u>== | ||
39edo is a good candidate for a "universal tuning" in that it offers reasonable approximations of many different world music traditions; it is one of the simplest edos that can make this claim. Because of this, composers wishing to combine multiple world music traditions (for example, gamelan with maqam singing) within one unified framework would find 39edo an interesting possibility. | 39edo is a good candidate for a "universal tuning" in that it offers reasonable approximations of many different world music traditions; it is one of the simplest edos that can make this claim. Because of this, composers wishing to combine multiple world music traditions (for example, gamelan with maqam singing) within one unified framework would find 39edo an interesting possibility. | ||
===Western | ===Western=== | ||
39edo offers not one, but several different ways to realize the traditional Western diatonic scale. One way is to simply take a chain of fifths (the diatonic MOS: '''7 7 2 7 7 7 2'''). Because 39edo is a superpyth rather than a meantone system, this means that the harmonic quality of its diatonic scale will differ somewhat, since "minor" and "major" triads now approximate 6:7:9 and 14:18:21 respectively, rather than 10:12:15 and 4:5:6 as in meantone diatonic systems. Diatonic compositions translated onto this scale thus acquire a wildly different harmonic character, albeit still very pleasing. | 39edo offers not one, but several different ways to realize the traditional Western diatonic scale. One way is to simply take a chain of fifths (the diatonic MOS: '''7 7 2 7 7 7 2'''). Because 39edo is a superpyth rather than a meantone system, this means that the harmonic quality of its diatonic scale will differ somewhat, since "minor" and "major" triads now approximate 6:7:9 and 14:18:21 respectively, rather than 10:12:15 and 4:5:6 as in meantone diatonic systems. Diatonic compositions translated onto this scale thus acquire a wildly different harmonic character, albeit still very pleasing. | ||
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Because 39edo and 12edo both have an overall sharp character and share the same major third, they have a relatively similar sound. Thus, 39edo (unlike, say, 22edo or 19edo, which are both "acquired tastes") does not sound all that xenharmonic to people used to 12edo. Check out [https://www.prismnet.com/~hmiller/midi/canon39.mid Pachelbel's Canon in 39edo] (using the '''7 6 3 7 6 7 3''' MODMOS), for example. | Because 39edo and 12edo both have an overall sharp character and share the same major third, they have a relatively similar sound. Thus, 39edo (unlike, say, 22edo or 19edo, which are both "acquired tastes") does not sound all that xenharmonic to people used to 12edo. Check out [https://www.prismnet.com/~hmiller/midi/canon39.mid Pachelbel's Canon in 39edo] (using the '''7 6 3 7 6 7 3''' MODMOS), for example. | ||
=== | ===Indian=== | ||
A similar situation arises with Indian music since the sruti system, like the Western system, also has multiple possible mappings in 39edo. Many of these are modified versions of the 17L 5s MOS (where the generator is a perfect fifth). | A similar situation arises with Indian music since the sruti system, like the Western system, also has multiple possible mappings in 39edo. Many of these are modified versions of the 17L 5s MOS (where the generator is a perfect fifth). | ||
=== | ===[[Arabic, Turkish, Persian]]=== | ||
While middle-eastern music is commonly approximated using 24edo, 39edo offers a potentially better alternative. 17edo and 24edo both satisfy the "Level 1" requirements for maqam tuning | While middle-eastern music is commonly approximated using 24edo, 39edo offers a potentially better alternative. 17edo and 24edo both satisfy the "Level 1" requirements for maqam tuning systems. 39edo is a Level 2 system because: | ||
<ul><li>It has two types of "neutral" seconds (154 and 185 cents)</li><li>It has two minor seconds (92 and 123 cents), which when added together give a whole tone (215 cents)</li></ul> | <ul><li>It has two types of "neutral" seconds (154 and 185 cents)</li><li>It has two minor seconds (92 and 123 cents), which when added together give a whole tone (215 cents)</li></ul> | ||
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39edo will likely be more suited to some middle-eastern scales than others. Specifically, Turkish music (in which the Rast makam has a "major-like" wide neutral third and a wide "neutral" second approaching 10/9), will likely be especially well suited to 39edo. | 39edo will likely be more suited to some middle-eastern scales than others. Specifically, Turkish music (in which the Rast makam has a "major-like" wide neutral third and a wide "neutral" second approaching 10/9), will likely be especially well suited to 39edo. | ||
=== | ===Blues / Jazz / African-American=== | ||
The harmonic seventh ("barbershop seventh") tetrad is reasonably well approximated in 39edo, and some temperaments (augene in particular) give scales that are liberally supplied with them. John Coltrane [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltrane_changes would have loved augene]. | The harmonic seventh ("barbershop seventh") tetrad is reasonably well approximated in 39edo, and some temperaments (augene in particular) give scales that are liberally supplied with them. John Coltrane [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltrane_changes would have loved augene]. | ||
Tritone substitution, which is a major part of jazz and blues harmony, is more complicated in 39edo because there are two types of tritones. Therefore the tritone substitution of one seventh chord will need to be a different type of seventh chord. However, this also opens new possibilities; if the substituted chord is of a more consonant type than the original, then the tritone substitution may function as a ''resolution'' rather than a suspension. | Tritone substitution, which is a major part of jazz and blues harmony, is more complicated in 39edo because there are two types of tritones. Therefore, the tritone substitution of one seventh chord will need to be a different type of seventh chord. However, this also opens new possibilities; if the substituted chord is of a more consonant type than the original, then the tritone substitution may function as a ''resolution'' rather than a suspension. | ||
Blue notes, rather than being considered inflections, can be notated as accidentals instead; for example, a "blue major third" can be identified as either of the two neutral thirds. There are two possible mappings for 7:4 which are about equal in closeness. The sharp mapping is the normal one because it works better with the 5:4 and 3:2, but using the flat one instead (as an accidental) allows for another type of blue note. | Blue notes, rather than being considered inflections, can be notated as accidentals instead; for example, a "blue major third" can be identified as either of the two neutral thirds. There are two possible mappings for 7:4 which are about equal in closeness. The sharp mapping is the normal one because it works better with the 5:4 and 3:2, but using the flat one instead (as an accidental) allows for another type of blue note. | ||
===Other | ===Other=== | ||
39edo offers a good approximation of pelog / mavila using the flat fifth as a generator. | 39edo offers a good approximation of pelog / mavila using the flat fifth as a generator. | ||
It also offers ''many'' possible pentatonic scales, including the 2L+3S MOS (which is '''9 7 7 9 7'''). Slendro can be approximated using this scale or using something like the quasi-equal '''8 8 8 8 7'''. A more expressive pentatonic scale is the oneirotonic subset '''9 6 9 9 6'''. Many Asian and African musical styles can thus be | It also offers ''many'' possible pentatonic scales, including the 2L+3S MOS (which is '''9 7 7 9 7'''). Slendro can be approximated using this scale or using something like the quasi-equal '''8 8 8 8 7'''. A more expressive pentatonic scale is the oneirotonic subset '''9 6 9 9 6'''. Many Asian and African musical styles can thus be accommodated. | ||
[[Category:39-tone]] | [[Category:39-tone]] | ||
[[Category:39edo]] | [[Category:39edo]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Edo]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Modes]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Theory]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Todo:add definition]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Todo:unify precision]] |