16edo: Difference between revisions

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== Intervals ==
== Intervals ==
16edo can be notated with conventional notation, including the staff, note names, relative notation, etc. in two ways. The first defines sharp/flat, major/minor and aug/dim in terms of the native antidiatonic scale, such that sharp is higher pitched than flat, and major/aug is wider than minor/dim, as would be expected. The disadvantage to this approach is that, because it does not follow diatonic conventions, conventional interval arithmetic no longer works, e.g. {{nowrap|M2 + M2}} isn't M3, and {{nowrap|D + M2}} isn't E. Because antidiatonic is the sister scale to diatonic, you can solve this by swapping major and minor in interval arithmetic rules. Chord names are different because {{dash|C, E, G|med}} is not {{dash|P1, M3, P5|med}}. (But see below in "Chord Names".)
16edo can be notated with conventional notation, including the staff, note names, relative notation, etc. in two ways. The first defines sharp/flat, major/minor and aug/dim in terms of the native antidiatonic scale, such that sharp is higher pitched than flat, and major/aug is wider than minor/dim, as would be expected. Because it does not follow diatonic conventions, conventional interval arithmetic no longer works, e.g. {{nowrap|M2 + M2}} isn't M3, and {{nowrap|D + M2}} isn't E. Because antidiatonic is the sister scale to diatonic, you can solve this by swapping major and minor in interval arithmetic rules (see [[16edo#Interval_arithmetic_examples]]). Chord names don't follow diatonic nominals because {{dash|C, E, G|med}} is not {{dash|P1, M3, P5|med}}. (But see below in "Chord Names".)


The second approach is to essentially pretend 16edo's antidiatonic scale is a normal diatonic, meaning that sharp is lower in pitch than flat (since the "S" step is larger than the "L" step) and major/aug is narrower than minor/dim. This allows music notated in 12edo or another diatonic system to be directly translated to 16edo "on the fly", and it carries over the way interval arithmetic and chord names work from diatonic notation.
The second approach is to essentially pretend 16edo's antidiatonic scale is a normal diatonic, meaning that sharp is lower in pitch than flat (since the "S" step is larger than the "L" step) and major/aug is narrower than minor/dim. This allows music notated in 12edo or another diatonic system to be directly translated to 16edo "on the fly", and it carries over the way interval arithmetic and chord names work from diatonic notation.
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! colspan="6" | Names
! colspan="6" | Names
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Melodic<br>(major wider than minor)
! colspan="2" | Antidiatonic
! colspan="2" | Harmonic<br>(major narrower than minor)
! colspan="2" | Diatonic
! Just
! Just
! Simplified
! Simplified
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== Chord names ==
== Chord names ==
16edo chords can be named using ups and downs. Using harmonic (circle-of-fifths) interval names, the names are easy to find, but they bear little relationship to the sound: a minor chord (spelled {{dash|A, C, E|med}}) sounds like [[4:5:6]], the classical major triad, and a major chord (spelled {{dash|C, E, G|med}}) sounds like [[10:12:15]], a classical minor triad! Instead, using melodic names, the chord names will match the sound&mdash;but finding the name from the spelling is more complicated (see below).
16edo chords can be named using ups and downs. Using diatonic interval names, the names correspond to diatonic names, but they bear little relationship to the sound: a minor chord (spelled {{dash|A, C, E|med}}) sounds like [[4:5:6]], the classical major triad, and a major chord (spelled {{dash|C, E, G|med}}) sounds like [[10:12:15]], a classical minor triad! Instead, using antidiatonic names, the chord names will match the sound&mdash;but finding the name from the spelling follows the rules of antidiatonic rather than diatonic interval arithmetic.


{| class="wikitable center-all"
{| class="wikitable center-all"
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! colspan="6" | Name
! colspan="6" | Name
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | Harmonic
! colspan="3" | Diatonic
! colspan="3" | Melodic
! colspan="3" | Antidiatonic
|-
|-
| {{dash|0, 5, 9|med}}
| {{dash|0, 5, 9|med}}
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Alterations are always enclosed in parentheses, additions never are. An up or down immediately after the chord root affects the 3rd, 6th, 7th, and/or the 11th (every other note of a stacked-3rds chord {{dash|6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}}). See [[Ups and downs notation #Chords and chord progressions]] for more examples.
Alterations are always enclosed in parentheses, additions never are. An up or down immediately after the chord root affects the 3rd, 6th, 7th, and/or the 11th (every other note of a stacked-3rds chord {{dash|6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}}). See [[Ups and downs notation #Chords and chord progressions]] for more examples.


Using melodic names, interval arithmetic is done using a simple trick: first reverse everything, then perform normal arithmetic, then reverse everything again. Reversing means exchanging major for minor, aug for dim, and sharp for flat. Perfect and natural are unaffected. Examples:
Using antidiatonic names, if you're used to diatonic interval arithmetic, you can do antidiatonic interval arithmetic by following the simple guideline that qualities are '''reversed''' from standard diatonic. As in, just as adding two major seconds gives you a major third in 12edo, adding two minor seconds gives a minor third in 16edo.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
That is, reversing means exchanging major for minor, aug for dim, and sharp for flat. Perfect and natural are unaffected.
|-
 
! Initial question
Examples can be found at the bottom of the page.
! Reverse everything
! Do the math
! Reverse again
|-
| M2 + M2
| m2 + m2
| dim3
| aug3
|-
| D to F♯
| D to F♭
| dim3
| aug3
|-
| D to F
| D to F
| m3
| M3
|-
| E♭ + m3
| E♯ + M3
| G♯♯
| Gbb
|-
| E♭ + P5
| E♯ + P5
| B♯
| B♭
|-
| A minor chord
| A major chord
| A C♯ E
| A C♭ E
|-
| E♭ major chord
| E♯ minor chord
| E♯ G♯ B♯
| E♭ G♭ D♭
|-
| Gm7 = G + m3 + P5 + m7
| G + M3 + P5 + M7
| G B D F♯
| G B D F♭
|-
| A♭7aug = A♭ + M3 + A5 + m7
| A♯ + m3 + d5 + M7
| A♯ C♯ E G♯♯
| A♭ C♭ E Gbb
|-
| what chord is D F A♯?
| D F A♭
| D + m3 + d5
| D + M3 + A5 = Daug
|-
| what chord is C E G♭ B♭?
| C E G♯ B♯
| C + M3 + A5 + A7
| C + m3 + d5 + d7 = Cdim7
|-
| C major scale = C + M2 + M3<br>+ P4 + P5 + M6 + M7 + P8
| C + m2 + m3 + P4<br>+ P5 + m6 + m7 + P8
| C D♭ E♭ F<br>G A♭ B♭ C
| C D♯ E♯ F<br>G A♯ B♯ C
|-
| C minor scale = C + M2 + m3<br>+ P4 + P5 + m6 + m7 + P8
| C + m2 + M3 + P4<br>+ P5 + M6 + M7 + P8
| C D♭ E F<br>G A B C
| C D♯ E F<br>G A B C
|-
| what scale is A B♯ C♭ D<br>E F G♭ A?
| A B♭ C♯ D<br>E F G♯ A
| A + m2 + M3 + P4<br>+ P5 + m6 + M7
| A + M2 + m3 + P4<br>+ P5 + M6 + m7 = A dorian
|}


== Approximation to JI ==
== Approximation to JI ==
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'''16-tone piano layout based on the mavila[7]/antidiatonic scale'''
'''16-tone piano layout based on the mavila[7]/antidiatonic scale'''


This Layout places mavila[7] on the black keys and mavila[9] on the white keys. As you can see, flats are higher than naturals and sharps are lower, as per the "harmonic notation" above. Simply swap sharps with flats for "melodic notation".
This Layout places mavila[7] on the black keys and mavila[9] on the white keys, according to antidiatonic notation.


[[File:16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png|alt=16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png|748x293px|16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png]]
[[File:16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png|alt=16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png|748x293px|16-EDO-PIano-Diagram.png]]
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See: [[Lumatone mapping for 16edo]]
See: [[Lumatone mapping for 16edo]]
== Interval arithmetic examples ==
These examples show the correspondence between interval arithmetic using diatonic and antidiatonic notation.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" |Diatonic (i.e. 12edo)
! colspan="2" |Antidiatonic (i.e. 16edo)
|-
! Question
! Result
! Question
! Result
|-
| M2 + M2
| aug3
| m2 + m2
| dim3
|-
| D to F♯
| aug3
| D to F♭
| dim3
|-
| D to F
| M3
| D to F
| m3
|-
| E♭ + m3
| Gbb
| E♯ + M3
| G♯♯
|-
| E♭ + P5
| B♭
| E♯ + P5
| B♯
|-
| A minor chord
| A C♭ E
| A major chord
| A C♯ E
|-
| E♭ major chord
| E♭ G♭ D♭
| E♯ minor chord
| E♯ G♯ B♯
|-
| Gm7 = G + m3 + P5 + m7
| G B D F♭
| G + M3 + P5 + M7
| G B D F♯
|-
| A♭7aug = A♭ + M3 + A5 + m7
| A♭ C♭ E Gbb
| A♯ + m3 + d5 + M7
| A♯ C♯ E G♯♯
|-
| what chord is D F A♯?
| D + M3 + A5 = Daug
| D F A♭
| D + m3 + d5
|-
| what chord is C E G♭ B♭?
| C + m3 + d5 + d7 = Cdim7
| C E G♯ B♯
| C + M3 + A5 + A7
|-
| C major scale = C + M2 + M3<br>+ P4 + P5 + M6 + M7 + P8
| C D♯ E♯ F<br>G A♯ B♯ C
| C + m2 + m3 + P4<br>+ P5 + m6 + m7 + P8
| C D♭ E♭ F<br>G A♭ B♭ C
|-
| C minor scale = C + M2 + m3<br>+ P4 + P5 + m6 + m7 + P8
| C D♯ E F<br>G A B C
| C + m2 + M3 + P4<br>+ P5 + M6 + M7 + P8
| C D♭ E F<br>G A B C
|-
| what scale is A B♯ C♭ D<br>E F G♭ A?
| A + M2 + m3 + P4<br>+ P5 + M6 + m7 = A dorian
| A B♭ C♯ D<br>E F G♯ A
| A + m2 + M3 + P4<br>+ P5 + m6 + M7
|}


== Music ==
== Music ==