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Not only staff notation but also written chord names must not vary. Ch7 and Cs7 are invariant, thus h and s are also invariant. The words harmonic and subharmonic can vary, and are generally abbreviated to make a concise chord name.
Not only staff notation but also written chord names must not vary. Ch7 and Cs7 are invariant, thus h and s are also invariant. The words harmonic and subharmonic can vary, and are generally abbreviated to make a concise chord name.


All colors for primes 11 and higher can vary. In many European languages, tho/thu/tha becomes tro/tru/tra. Spanish for 11 is once, and lo/lu/la might become onco/oncu/onca. Or it might remain lo/lu/la, for conciseness. If so, a helpful mnemonic is lavender, since most Western and even some Asian languages have a word very similar to it. Italian for 11 is undici, suggesting uno/unu/una. But if 1o is uno, an "uno chord" would also be a "one chord". Thus 1o becomes either undo/undu/unda or perhaps unó/unu/una, with the accent distinguishing unó from uno.
All colors for primes 11 and higher can vary. In many European languages, tho/thu/tha becomes tro/tru/tra. Spanish for 11 is once, and lo/lu/la might become onco/oncu/onca. Italian for 11 is undici, suggesting uno/unu/una. But if 1o is uno, an "uno chord" would also be a "one chord". Thus 1o becomes either undo/undu/unda or perhaps unó/unu/una, with the accent distinguishing unó from uno.


The short form of temperament names and subgroup names must not vary, because they are likely to be written at the top of the score. In such names, primes 11 and higher must be written in their numeric form. Thus on the score the thulu temperament is written 3u1uT, and the yalatha subgroup is written ya1a3a.
The short form of temperament names and subgroup names must not vary, because they are likely to be written at the top of the score. In such names, primes 11 and higher must be written in their numeric form. Thus on the score the thulu temperament is written 3u1uT, and the yalatha subgroup is written ya1a3a.


The disambiguation prefix i- is invariant, and is used as needed in all languages. Disambiguation is only necessary if the other word needs to be used in a musical context. The note C sounds like sea, but there's no problem, because noone ever needs to discuss a "sea chord". But "no" as in no5 and nowa is invariant, therefore 19o must be ino in most European languages.   
The disambiguation prefix i- is invariant, and is used as needed in all languages. Disambiguation is only necessary if the other word needs to be used in a musical context. The note C sounds like sea, but there's no problem, because noone ever needs to discuss a "sea chord". But "no" as in no5 and nowa is invariant, therefore 19o must be ino in most European languages. In combination with other colors, the prefix is not needed: 19/15 is nogu, not inogu.   


Sometimes one color needs disambiguation from another. In Latin American Spanish, z and s sound the same, and zo and so are a problem. The rule is to add i- to the higher prime's color. Zo is pronounced "so", and 17o is pronounced "iso". I- is used even when 17o is not alone, thus 17oz is isozo. 17o is written as iso not so, to match the pronunciation. Sa becomes isa, to differentiate it from za. Su needn't change to isu, but might for consistency.  
Sometimes one color needs disambiguation from another. In Latin American Spanish, z and s sound the same, and zo and so are a problem. The rule is to add i- to the higher prime's color. Zo is pronounced "so", and 17o is pronounced "iso". Unlike ino, i- is used even when 17o is not alone, thus 17/15 is isogu. Sa becomes isa, to differentiate it from za. Su needn't change to isu, but might for consistency.  


Another example: the Dutch word for 17 begins with z, so Dutch might use zo/ru/za for 7 and izo/(i)zu/iza for 17. Or Dutch might borrow from nearby English (seventeen) and German (siebzehn), and use so/su/sa for 17.  
Another example: the Dutch word for 17 begins with z, so Dutch might use zo/ru/za for 7 and izo/(i)zu/iza for 17. Or Dutch might borrow from nearby English (seventeen) and German (siebzehn), and use so/su/sa for 17.  
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Two colors might possibly sound alike and also sound like some musical term. If so, use i- for the higher prime as before, and reuse the final vowel to prefix the lower prime. If z and s sound the same, and the solfege syllable is So, 17o becomes iso and zo becomes ozo.
Two colors might possibly sound alike and also sound like some musical term. If so, use i- for the higher prime as before, and reuse the final vowel to prefix the lower prime. If z and s sound the same, and the solfege syllable is So, 17o becomes iso and zo becomes ozo.


Another use for i- is for when thick accents make communication difficult. In Castillian Spanish, zo sounds like "tho". A Spaniard pronounces 3o as "tro", so there's no conflict among Spaniards. But a Spaniard might be confused by an American saying 3o as "tho". Therefore the American says zo and itho, and the Spaniard says tho and itro.
Another use for i- is for when thick accents make communication difficult. In Castillian Spanish, zo sounds like "tho". A Spaniard pronounces 3o as "tro", so there's no conflict among Spaniards. But a Spaniard might be confused talking to an American who says 3o as "tho". Therefore the American says zo and itho, and the Spaniard says tho and itro.


In terms like twenty-tho and thirty-wu, the final digit is abbreviated similarly to -wo/-tho/-so/-no. Italian for 31 is trentuno, and 31u is trentunu. But 31o needs to be distinct from 31, and trentuno won't work. The solution is to accent the final syllable, so that 31o = trentunò or trentunó.
In terms like twenty-tho and thirty-wu, the final digit is abbreviated similarly to -wo/-tho/-so/-no. Italian for 31 is trentuno, and 31u is trentunu. But 31o needs to be distinct from 31, and trentuno won't work. The solution is to accent the final syllable, so that 31o = trentunò or trentunó.
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The symbols ^ v / \ ~ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop and mid can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall. All five terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  
The symbols ^ v / \ ~ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop and mid can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall. All five terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  


Clear, ca and noca are never used in interval names or chord names. They are never used on staff notation without a lengthy explanation, since staff notation assumes octaves. Thus they can be translated freely. Clear means transparent, not "easily understood". The words plain, central, double, triple, quadruple etc. can also be translated freely. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. Central must be distinct from mid and neutral
Clear, ca and noca are never used in interval names or chord names. They are never used on staff notation without a lengthy explanation, since staff notation assumes octaves. Thus they can be translated freely. Clear means transparent, not "easily understood". The words plain, central, double, triple, quadruple etc. can also be translated freely. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. Central must be distinct from mid and neutral.
 
Here are all the invariant color notation terms, with their English meanings:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
|w, y, g, z, r
|w, y, g, z, r
|the short forms
|(the short forms of the above)
|-
|-
| -o, -u, -a, ya, za
| -o, -u, -a, ya, za
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!Portuguese
!Portuguese
!Italian
!Italian
!Swedish
!Finnish
|-
|-
|11
|11
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|onz-
|onz-
|un-? und-?
|un-? und-?
|l-
|
|-
|-
|13
|13
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|tr-
|tr-
|tr-
|tr-
|tr-
|
|-
|-
|17
|17
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|s-
|s-
|s-
|s-
|sj-
|
|-
|-
|19
|19
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|n-
|n-
|n-
|n-
|n-
|
|-
|-
| -1
| -1
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| -um-
| -um-
| -un-
| -un-
| -ett-?
|
|-
|-
| -3
| -3
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| -tr-
| -tr-
| -tr-
| -tr-
| -tr-
|
|-
|-
| -7
| -7
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| -s-
| -s-
| -s-
| -s-
| -sj-
|
|-
|-
| -9
| -9
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| -n-
| -n-
| -n-
| -n-
| -n-
|
|-
|-
|L
|L
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|grande
|grande
|grande
|grande
|
|
|-
|-
|s
|s
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|pequena
|pequena
|piccolo
|piccolo
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
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|
|
|central
|central
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|armo
|armo
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|sub
|sub
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|cima?
|cima?
|su
|su
|
|
|-
|-
|v
|v
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|baixo?
|baixo?
|giù
|giù
|
|
|-
|-
|/
|/
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|
|
|levante
|levante
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|soltando
|soltando
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 213: Line 247:
|meio
|meio
|medio
|medio
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
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|
|
|sencillo
|sencillo
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|y
|y
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|mas
|mas
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|ancho
|ancho
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|claro
|claro
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|doble
|doble
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|triple
|triple
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|cuad
|cuad
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 282: Line 334:
|fünffach
|fünffach
|
|
|quin
|quint
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|sixfold
|sixfold
|sechsfach
|sechsfach
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 299: Line 355:
|
|
|a cuarta
|a cuarta
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|a quinta
|a quinta
|
|
|
|
|
|
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'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''


In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. H7 is distinguished from h7. "Ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A. "NaturSieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7.  
In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. In German, "Ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A, and "NaturSieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7.  


'''Spanish:''' the "c" in onco / oncu / onca is pronounced "s", as in once. (''Should it be onzo / onzu / onza?'' ''onso / onsu / onsa?'') 17o is so, not iso, because so and Sol sound distinctly different.
'''Spanish:''' the "c" in onco / oncu / onca is pronounced "s", as in once. (''Should it be onzo / onzu / onza?'' ''onso / onsu / onsa?'') 17o is so, not iso, because so and Sol sound distinctly different.
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