Xenharmonic Wiki

Kite's color notation/Translations: Difference between revisions

← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
TallKite (talk | contribs)
autopatrolled, Sysops
3,990 edits
No edit summary
TallKite (talk | contribs)
autopatrolled, Sysops
3,990 edits
added rows for some invariant terms to languages that have non-roman alphabets
Line 12: Line 12:
The disambiguation prefix i- is invariant, and is used as needed in all languages. Disambiguation is only necessary if the other word needs to be used in a musical context. The note C sounds like sea, but there's no problem, because noone ever needs to discuss a "sea chord". But "no" as in no5 and nowa is invariant, therefore 19o must be ino in most European languages.   
The disambiguation prefix i- is invariant, and is used as needed in all languages. Disambiguation is only necessary if the other word needs to be used in a musical context. The note C sounds like sea, but there's no problem, because noone ever needs to discuss a "sea chord". But "no" as in no5 and nowa is invariant, therefore 19o must be ino in most European languages.   


Sometimes one color needs disambiguation from another. In Latin American Spanish, z and s sound the same, and zo and so are a problem. The rule is to add i- to the higher prime's color. Zo is pronounced "so", and 17o is pronounced "iso". I- is used even when 17o is not alone, thus 17oz is isozo. 17o is written as iso not so, to match the pronunciation. Sa becomes isa, to differentiate it from za. Su needn't change to isu, but might for consistency. In complex colors, -i- can no longer be used to delimit quad and quint, and -a- must be used instead: quadnuiso = 19u417o4, and quadnuaiso = 19u417o.
Sometimes one color needs disambiguation from another. In Latin American Spanish, z and s sound the same, and zo and so are a problem. The rule is to add i- to the higher prime's color. Zo is pronounced "so", and 17o is pronounced "iso". I- is used even when 17o is not alone, thus 17oz is isozo. 17o is written as iso not so, to match the pronunciation. Sa becomes isa, to differentiate it from za. Su needn't change to isu, but might for consistency.  


Another example: the Dutch word for 17 begins with z, so Dutch might use zo/ru/za for 7 and izo/(i)zu/iza for 17. Or Dutch might borrow from nearby English (seventeen) and German (siebzehn), and use so/su/sa for 17.  
Another example: the Dutch word for 17 begins with z, so Dutch might use zo/ru/za for 7 and izo/(i)zu/iza for 17. Or Dutch might borrow from nearby English (seventeen) and German (siebzehn), and use so/su/sa for 17.  
Line 21: Line 21:


In terms like twenty-tho and thirty-wu, the final digit is abbreviated similarly to -wo/-tho/-so/-no. Italian for 31 is trentuno, and 31u is trentunu. But 31o needs to be distinct from 31, and trentuno won't work. The solution is to accent the final syllable, so that 31o = trentunò or trentunó.
In terms like twenty-tho and thirty-wu, the final digit is abbreviated similarly to -wo/-tho/-so/-no. Italian for 31 is trentuno, and 31u is trentunu. But 31o needs to be distinct from 31, and trentuno won't work. The solution is to accent the final syllable, so that 31o = trentunò or trentunó.
L and s are invariant, but the spoken words large and small can be translated. This is analogous to an English speaker seeing "f" or "p" on a score and thinking loud/soft, not forte/piano. The translated words must not have any musical connotations such as major/minor or augmented/diminished or largo (slow tempo).


Roman numerals are invariant, for chord progressions. P, M, m, A and d are invariant, for chord names and pergens. The spoken terms are of course translated into the usual terms for perfect, major, minor, etc. Many countries have adopted jazz chord names such as CM7, even if their word for major is dur. Pergens are never written on the score as quarter-fifth, but as (P8, P5/4). A pergen's enharmonic interval is written as C^^ = C♯. Edos are indicated as ^1 = 1\31.
Roman numerals are invariant, for chord progressions. P, M, m, A and d are invariant, for chord names and pergens. The spoken terms are of course translated into the usual terms for perfect, major, minor, etc. Many countries have adopted jazz chord names such as CM7, even if their word for major is dur. Pergens are never written on the score as quarter-fifth, but as (P8, P5/4). A pergen's enharmonic interval is written as C^^ = C♯. Edos are indicated as ^1 = 1\31.
L and s are also invariant, but the spoken words large and small can be translated. This is analogous to an English speaker seeing "f" or "p" on a score and thinking loud/soft, not forte/piano. The translated words must not have any musical connotations such as major/minor or augmented/diminished or largo (slow tempo).


The symbols ^ v / \ ~ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop and mid can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall. All five terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  
The symbols ^ v / \ ~ are invariant, but the terms up, down, lift, drop and mid can vary. Up and down may possibly be translated as above/below or top/bottom. Lift/drop may be translated as raise/lower. Lift and drop should be translated into verbs, since ^ is high, but / starts low and goes high. Preferably transitive verbs, drop not fall. All five terms should be words not usually applied to notes or clefs or melodies or intervals, e.g. not high/low or treble/bass or rising/falling or neutral. In temperament names, both "and" and "plus" should have distinct names.  


Clear, ca and noca are never used in interval names or chord names. They are never used on staff notation without a lengthy explanation, since staff notation assumes octaves. Thus they can be translated freely. Clear means transparent, not "easily understood". The words plain, central, double, triple, quadruple etc. can also be translated freely. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. Central must be distinct from mid and neutral.
Clear, ca and noca are never used in interval names or chord names. They are never used on staff notation without a lengthy explanation, since staff notation assumes octaves. Thus they can be translated freely. Clear means transparent, not "easily understood". The words plain, central, double, triple, quadruple etc. can also be translated freely. Plain must be distinct from natural and clear, and may be translated as simple. Central must be distinct from mid and neutral


Here are all the invariant color notation terms, with their English meanings:
Here are all the invariant color notation terms, with their English meanings:
Line 39: Line 39:
|white, yellow, green, azure/azul, red
|white, yellow, green, azure/azul, red
|-
|-
|o, -u, -a, ya, za
|w, y, g, z, r
|the short forms
|-
| -o, -u, -a, ya, za
|over, under, all, yellow-all, azure-all
|over, under, all, yellow-all, azure-all
|-
|p, q, po, qu
|pythagorean-over, pythagorean-under
|-
|-
|L, s, no, nowa
|L, s, no, nowa
Line 47: Line 53:
|h, s
|h, s
|harmonic series, subharmonic series
|harmonic series, subharmonic series
|-
|po, qu
|pythagorean-over, pythagorean-under
|-
|-
|T, i-
|T, i-
|temperament, disambiguation prefix
|temperament, disambiguation prefix
|}
|}
Languages that use non-Roman alphabets may write these terms in their own alphabets in text, but not on the score. Such languages have two columns in the table, one for each alphabet, and they have rows for the invariant terms.


== Western European languages ==
== Western European languages ==
Line 155: Line 159:
|-
|-
|h
|h
|aitch?
|har
har?
|natur
|aitch?
natur?
|
|
|hache?
|armo
armo?
|
|
|
|
Line 318: Line 319:
'''French''': 13a = itra (tra vs. trois), -3a = -itra-, 19o = ino
'''French''': 13a = itra (tra vs. trois), -3a = -itra-, 19o = ino


'''Spanish''': -1o = -unó (31 vs. 31o), 19o = ino, '''Latin American Spanish only''': 17 = is- (z and s sound the same)
'''Spanish''': -1o = -unó (31 vs. 31o), 19o = ino, '''Latin American Spanish only''': 17 = iso / isu / isa (z and s sound the same)


'''Portuguese''': 19o = ino
'''Portuguese''': 19o = ino
Line 326: Line 327:
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''


In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. H7 must be distinguished from h7.
In Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland (and Sweden before about 1990s), B natural is called H and B flat is called B. H7 is distinguished from h7. "Ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A. "NaturSieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7.  
 
One possible solution is to have  the English and e.g. German pronunciations of the letter distinguish h from H. "Aitch sieben" = h7 = w1 y3 w5 z7, and "ha sieben" = H7 = H D♯ F♯ A. Another approach is to abbreviate the German word for harmonic series, Naturtonreihe, perhaps as Natur-. h7 would be NaturSieben.  


'''Spanish:''' the "c" in onco / oncu / onca is pronounced "s", as in once. (''Should it be onzo / onzu / onza?'' ''onso / onsu / onsa?'') 17o is so, not iso, because so and Sol sound distinctly different.
'''Spanish:''' the "c" in onco / oncu / onca is pronounced "s", as in once. (''Should it be onzo / onzu / onza?'' ''onso / onsu / onsa?'') 17o is so, not iso, because so and Sol sound distinctly different.
Line 409: Line 408:
|-
|-
|h
|h
|aitch
|har
|
|
|
|
Line 537: Line 536:
! colspan="2" |Hebrew
! colspan="2" |Hebrew
|-
|-
|11
|w
|l-
|wa
|
|wa
|
|
|
|
|wa
|
|
|wa
|-
|y
|yo
|
|
|yo
|
|
|
|
|yo
|
|
|yo
|-
|-
|13
|g
|th-
|gu
|
|gu
|
|
|
|
|gu
|
|
|gu
|-
|z
|zo
|
|
|zo
|
|
|
|
|zo
|
|
|zo
|-
|-
|17
|r
|s-
|ru
|
|
|ru
|
|
|
|
|ru
|
|
|ru
|-
|p
|po
|
|
|po
|
|
|
|
|po
|
|po
|-
|-
|19
|q
|n-
|qu
|
|
|qu
|
|
|
|
|qu
|
|
|
|qu
|
|-
|
|11
|-
|l-
| -1
| -w-
|
|
|
|
Line 587: Line 616:
|
|
|-
|-
| -3
|13
| -th-
|th-
|
|
|
|
Line 597: Line 626:
|
|
|-
|-
| -7
|17
| -s-
|s-
|
|
|
|
Line 607: Line 636:
|
|
|-
|-
| -9
|19
| -n-
|n-
|
|
|
|
Line 617: Line 646:
|
|
|-
|-
|L
| -1
|large
| -w-
|
|
|
|
Line 627: Line 656:
|
|
|-
|-
|s
| -3
|small
| -th-
|
|
|
|
Line 637: Line 666:
|
|
|-
|-
|
| -7
|central
| -s-
|
|
|
|
Line 647: Line 676:
|
|
|-
|-
|h
| -9
|aitch
| -n-
|
|
|
|
Line 657: Line 686:
|
|
|-
|-
|s
|L
|sub
|large
|
|
|
|
Line 667: Line 696:
|
|
|-
|-
|^
|s
|up
|small
|
|
|
|
Line 677: Line 706:
|
|
|-
|-
|v
|
|down
|central
|
|
|
|
Line 687: Line 716:
|
|
|-
|-
|/
|h
|lift
|har
|
|
|
|
Line 697: Line 726:
|
|
|-
|-
|\
|s
|drop
|sub
|
|
|
|
Line 707: Line 736:
|
|
|-
|-
|~
|^
|mid
|up
|
|
|
|
Line 717: Line 746:
|
|
|-
|-
|
|v
|plain
|down
|
|
|
|
Line 727: Line 756:
|
|
|-
|-
|&
|/
|and
|lift
|
|
|
|
Line 737: Line 766:
|
|
|-
|-
| +
|\
|plus
|drop
|
|
|
|
Line 747: Line 776:
|
|
|-
|-
|W
|~
|wide
|mid
|
|
|
|
Line 757: Line 786:
|
|
|-
|-
|ca
|
|clear
|plain
|
|
|
|
Line 767: Line 796:
|
|
|-
|-
|2
|&
|double
|and
|
|
|
|
Line 777: Line 806:
|
|
|-
|-
|3
| +
|triple
|plus
|
|
|
|
Line 787: Line 816:
|
|
|-
|-
|4
|W
|quad
|wide
|
|
|
|
Line 797: Line 826:
|
|
|-
|-
|5
|ca
|quint
|clear
|
|
|
|
Line 807: Line 836:
|
|
|-
|-
|6
|2
|sixfold
|double
|
|
|
|
Line 817: Line 846:
|
|
|-
|-
|
|3
|4thwd
|triple
|
|
|
|
Line 827: Line 856:
|
|
|-
|-
|4
|quad
|
|
|5thwd
|
|
|
|
Line 834: Line 864:
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|5
|quint
|
|
|
|
|}
<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>:
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
==South Asian languages==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|11
|l-
|
|
|gy-
|-
|13
|th-
|
|
|t-
|-
|17
|s-
|
|
|s-
|-
|19
|n-
|
|
|n-
|-
| -1
| -w-
|
|
|''(see below)''
|-
|-
| -3
|6
| -th-
|sixfold
|
|
|
|
|
|"
|-
| -7
| -s-
|
|
|"
|-
| -9
| -n-
|
|
|"
|-
|L
|large
|
|
|baRaa
|-
|-
|s
|small
|
|
|chhoTaa
|4thwd
|-
|
|
|
|
|central
|
|
|mukhya
|-
|h
|aitch
|
|
|bhu
|-
|s
|sub
|
|
|anu
|-
|^
|up
|
|
|upar
|-
|-
|v
|down
|
|
|neeche
|5thwd
|-
|/
|lift
|
|
|uThaa
|-
|\
|drop
|
|
|giraa
|-
|~
|mid
|
|
|madhya
|-
|
|
|plain
|
|
|saadaa
|-
|&
|and
|
|
|aur
|-
| +
|plus
|
|
|plus
|}
 
<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>:
 
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
 
==South Asian languages==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|-
|W
|w
|wide
|wa
|
|
|chauRaa
|wa
|-
|-
|ca
|y
|clear
|yo
|
|
|berang
|yo
|-
|-
|2
|g
|double
|gu
|
|
|dvi
|gu
|-
|-
|3
|z
|triple
|zo
|
|
|tri
|zo
|-
|-
|4
|r
|quad
|ru
|
|ru
|-
|p
|po
|
|
|chatur
|po
|-
|-
|5
|q
|quint
|qu
|
|
|pancha
|qu
|-
|-
|6
|11
|sixfold
|l-
|
|
|shaT
|gy-
|-
|-
|13
|th-
|
|
|4thwd
|t-
|-
|17
|s-
|
|
|ma ki or
|s-
|-
|-
|19
|n-
|
|
|5thwd
|n-
|-
| -1
| -w-
|
|''(see below)''
|-
| -3
| -th-
|
|"
|-
| -7
| -s-
|
|
|pa ki or
|"
|}
|-
 
| -9
<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>:
| -n-
 
|
'''<u>Hindi</u>''': ina (na means not), isa (Sa means Do)
|"
 
|-
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
|L
 
|large
Hindi bhu for "h" comes from svayambhu, a Sanskrit term for overtone that is often used in Carnatic music. Anu for sub is a Sanskrit prepositional prefix corresponding to under- and sub-.
|
 
|baRaa
Hindi has a separate word for each number, not formed by combining the tens digit and the ones digit.
|-
{| class="wikitable"
|s
|+
|small
!
|
!English
|chhoTaa
|-
|
|central
|
|mukhya
|-
|h
|har
|
|bhu
|-
|s
|sub
|
|anu
|-
|^
|up
|
|upar
|-
|v
|down
|
|neeche
|-
|/
|lift
|
|uThaa
|-
|\
|drop
|
|giraa
|-
|~
|mid
|
|madhya
|-
|
|plain
|
|saadaa
|-
|&
|and
|
|aur
|-
| +
|plus
|
|plus
|-
|W
|wide
|
|chauRaa
|-
|ca
|clear
|
|berang
|-
|2
|double
|
|dvi
|-
|3
|triple
|
|tri
|-
|4
|quad
|
|chatur
|-
|5
|quint
|
|pancha
|-
|6
|sixfold
|
|shaT
|-
|
|4thwd
|
|ma ki or
|-
|
|5thwd
|
|pa ki or
|}
 
<u>'''Disambiguations'''</u>:
 
'''<u>Hindi</u>''': ina (na means not), isa (Sa means Do)
 
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''
 
Hindi bhu for "h" comes from svayambhu, a Sanskrit term for overtone that is often used in Carnatic music. Anu for sub is a Sanskrit prepositional prefix corresponding to under- and sub-.
 
Hindi has a separate word for each number, not formed by combining the tens digit and the ones digit.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Hindi
! colspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|-
|23-
|23-
|twenty-th-
|twenty-th-
|
|te'ees-
|-
|29-
|twenty-n-
|
|untees-
|-
|31-
|thirty-w-
|
|iktees-
|-
|37-
|thirty-s-
|
|saintees-
|-
|41-
|forty-w-
|
|iktaalees-
|-
|43-
|forty-th-
|
|taintaalees-
|-
|47-
|forty-s-
|
|saintaalees-
|-
|53-
|fifty-th-
|
|tirepan-
|-
|59-
|fifty-n-
|
|unsaTh-
|-
|61-
|sixty-w-
|
|iksaTh-
|}
 
==Southeast Asian languages==
 
== East Asian languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Mandarin
! colspan="2" |Japanese
! colspan="3" |Korean
!Vietnamese
|-
|w
|wa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|wa
|
|-
|y
|yo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|yo
|
|-
|g
|gu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|gyu
|
|-
|z
|zo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|zo
|
|-
|r
|ru
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ryu
|
|-
|p
|po
|
|
|
|
|
|
|te'ees-
|-
|29-
|twenty-n-
|
|
|untees-
|po
|-
|31-
|thirty-w-
|
|
|iktees-
|-
|-
|37-
|q
|thirty-s-
|qu
|
|
|saintees-
|-
|41-
|forty-w-
|
|
|iktaalees-
|-
|43-
|forty-th-
|
|
|taintaalees-
|-
|47-
|forty-s-
|
|
|saintaalees-
|-
|53-
|fifty-th-
|
|
|tirepan-
|-
|59-
|fifty-n-
|
|
|unsaTh-
|qu
|-
|61-
|sixty-w-
|
|
|iksaTh-
|}
==Southeast Asian languages==
== East Asian languages ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!English
! colspan="2" |Mandarin
! colspan="2" |Japanese
! colspan="3" |Korean
!Vietnamese
|-
|-
|11
|11
Line 1,201: Line 1,382:
|-
|-
|h
|h
|aitch
|har
|
|
|
|
Line 1,418: Line 1,599:
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''  
'''<u>Notes</u>:'''  


'''Korean:''' -u for -under is -유 -yu. Thus gu for 5u is "gyu", ru for 7u is "ryu", and guu for 19u is "guyu".
'''Korean:''' -u for -under is -유 -yu. Thus g is "gyu", r is "ryu", and 19u is "guyu".
Retrieved from "https://en.xen.wiki/w/Kite%27s_color_notation/Translations"